ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
Quarter 1/3 – Module 3
Using Techniques
in Summarizing Academic
Texts
This Self Learning Module (SLM) was designed and written with you in mind to help you
master the various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts. The scope of
this learning material focuses on the many different learning situations.
Moreover, the language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary levels of learners. The
lessons are also arranged following the standard sequence of the course.
Hence, the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
The SLM contains:
Lesson: Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts
The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) used in this module:
Uses various Techniques in Summarizing a Variety of Academic Texts
After going through this SLM, you are expected to:
1.identify some summarizing techniques;
2.differentiate various techniques in summarizing academic writings; and
3. summarize an academic text.
1
P re test
Directions: Read and understand the instructions indicated in each part of the Pretest. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
I. TRUE OR FALSE: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE.
1. Summarizing is a short restatement of an original text but not necessarily including the
main idea.
2. In summarizing, the writer must use his own words.
3. Summarizing is similar with paraphrasing.
4. Summarizing is important in academic writing.
5. Comparing your summary with the original text is important.
6. Graphic organizer is a framework that uses visual symbols to express relationship between
ideas or concepts.
7. Outline is a document that presents the main idea and supporting details in a logical form.
8. Creating a list of main ideas is important in outlining.
9. Sentence summary refers to the sorting of an event in a chronological order using transition
words.
10. Story summary focuses on who, what, when, where, and why (5Ws).
II. WRITING A SUMMARY: Read the following text. Make sure that you comprehend it well. In
one paragraph, summarize the text in your own words. Be guided by the given rubrics.
Local Girl Found Slain by Rejected Lover
(Newspaper Account)
Ms. Porphy ria Blank, 21, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Blank, of
Barton Park, was found strangled this morning in the cottage owned by John
Doe, 25, who was apprehended on the scene of the crime by officers Bailey
and Hodge. Doe was found holding the body in his arms, and appeared to be
in stupor, his only reply to repeated questioning being, “I killed her because I
loved her.”
According to the members of the Blank family, Doe had paid attention
to Miss Blank for the last several months, though it was strenuously denied
that his regards for Miss Blank was returned. Miss Blank’s engagement with
Mr. Roger Weston was announced la st month. Mr. Weston could not be
reached for a statement. Mrs. Blank was prostrated by the news of her
daughter’s death.
The slain girl vanished last evening at approximately eleven o’clock
from a dinner party given at her parent’s home in honour of the approaching
wedding. The family became alarmed when it was discovered that she was
not in her room, and instituted a search for her about midnight. The police,
who were promptly notified, in the course of their search knocked at Mr. Doe’s
cottage, a building some quarter of a mile from the Blank estate, at five in the
morning. Receiving no answer, they forced the door and discovered Doe
sitting with the dead girl in his lap. She had apparently been strangled, Dr. A.
P. Reynolds, Autopsy Surgeon for the county, state that, from the condition of
the body, death must have occurred at about midnight.
2
3
Summary of the Text:
Rubrics
Criterion Nearing Proficiency Proficient Advanced
(1 point) (3 points) (5 points)
Content Only few of the Almost all of the All of the important
important information important information information is present
is present. There are is present and clearly and clearly stated.
also inaccurate details stated.
included.
Organization Some of the ideas are Most of the ideas are All ideas are well -
not organized. The organized. The flow of organized. The flow of
flow of ideas is hard to thoughts is mostly thoughts is easy to
follow and easy to follow and follow and
understand. understand. understand.
Originality Most of the Almost all of the All of the information
information is lifted information is is expressed using
and copied from the expressed using the the writer’s own
original texts. writer’s own words. words.
Mechanics Many sentences are Only few sentences All sentences are
ungrammatically are ungrammatically grammatically
structured. There are structured. There are structured with no
also errors in spelling only few errors in errors in spelling and
and punctuation. spelling and punctuation.
punctuation.
3
Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts
Summarizing refers to putting the main idea (s) of the text into your own words, including
only the main point (s). While a summary or a precis is a synopsis or digest of the essence of an
entire text, usually, around a paragraph long, and may even be a few paragraphs long depending
on the length of the work being condensed.
Tips in Summarizing:
1. Read the text you are about to summarize several times. Make sure to comprehend it
well.
2. Identify the text structure (cause and effect, comparison and contrast, problem -
solution) used in the text.
3. Identify the main idea of the text.
4. Write your preliminary summary or draft.
5. Use your own words in summarizing.
6. Limit you summary into few sentences.
7. Ensure that the main idea (s) or point (s) of the text is coherent in your summary.
8. Proofread your work.
Techniques in Summarizing
1. Use of Graphic Organizers
Graphic organizers are communication tools that use visual symbols to express
relationship between knowledge, concepts, thoughts, and ideas. It serves as a framework for
picking and choosing content.
10 Graphic Organizers for Summary Writing
1. Fiction Summary - it identifies the main characters, the setting, the conflict, explanation
of the problem, and how the problem is resolved.
2. Story Summary - it summarizes a piece of fiction by using the words “somebody”,
“wanted”, “but”, “so”, and “then”.
3. Plot Summary - It is a plot diagram in written form.
4. Chapter Summary - it refers to sorting events in chronological order using transition
words such as “first”, “next”, “after that”, and “finally”.
5. Sequence Summary - it follows the sequence of events laid out in the text.
6. Non - fiction Summary - it identifies the topic, main idea, and supporting details.
4
5
7. Biography Summary - it is a graphic organizer that focuses on the 5”W”s (who, what,
when, where, why).
8. Article Summary - it cites the article title, author, publication, and date followed by the
identification of topic, main idea, and supporting details.
9. GIST Summary - it identifies and records the who, what, when, where, why, and how. It
also uses the information recorded for each of the 5Ws to craft a one sentence summary
of the text.
10. Sentence Summary - it is a summarizing technique that begins with the topic or main
idea, records three important details or facts, and finishes with the wrap-up or resolution.
2. Use of Outline
An outline is simply a framework for presenting the main and supporting ideas for a
particular subject or topic. Outlines help you develop a logical, coherent structure for your paper,
making it easier to translate your ideas into words and sentences.
Tips in Outlining:
1. Choose your topic and establish your purpose.
2. Create a list of main ideas.
3. Organize your main ideas.
4. Flush out your main points.
5. Review and adjust.
Format of an Outline
I. First main idea
A. Subheading - supports
1. Detail - supports subheading A
2. Detail - supports subheading A
II. Second main idea
B. Subheading - supports
1. Detail - supports subheading B
2. Detail - supports subheading B
5
Activity 1: Matching Key Concepts
Directions: Match Column A (definition of techniques) to Column B (summarizing techniques).
Choose the letter that best describes the statement. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. It a framework for presenting the main and supporting A.Gist Summary
ideas for a particular subject or topic.
2. It sorts events in chronological order using transition B.Graphic Organizer
words such as “first”, “next”, “after that”, and “finally.”
3. It identifies the main characters, the setting, the C.Story Summary
conflict, explanation of the problem, and how the
problem is resolved.
4. It identifies and records the 5Ws and 1H and uses it D. Fiction Summary
to craft a one sentence summary of the text.
5.It is a graphic organizer that focuses on the 5”W”s. E. Plot Summary
6. It follows the sequence of events laid out in the text. F. Chapter Summary
7.It is a communication tool that uses visual symbols G. Article Summary
to express knowledge, concepts, thoughts, ideas,
and the relationship
8.It summarizes a piece of fiction by using the words H. Sentence Summary
“somebody”, “wanted”, “but”, “so”, and “then”.
9. It is a plot diagram in written form. I. Sequence Summary
10.It is a summarizing techniques that begins with J. Biography Summary
the topic or main idea, records three important details
or facts, and finishes with the wrap-up or resolution.
K. Outline
6
7
Activity 2: Stating the Similarities and Differences
Directions: Fill in the Venn Diagram below by stating the differences and similarities between the use of
graphic organizers and outline. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Graphic Organizers
7
Activity 3: Using the Techniques
Directions: Summarize the article below using any of the aforementioned techniques. Be guided
with the given rubrics. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
What summarizing technique did you use?
Summary:
Rubrics
Understanding Calories
(1) A calorie, also known as kilocalorie, is a unit of energy. This unit
represents the energy required to heat a kilogram of water on degree Celsius.
W h i l e p eop l e g en e ra l l y l in k th e te r m ca lo r i e w i th f oo d , i t is a un i t o f
measurement that can be applied to any substance possessing energy. For
instance, there are 8200 calories in a litter (about one quart) of gasoline.
(2)Calories describe the potential energy in food to maintain bodily
functions, grow or repair tissue, and perform mechanical work such as
exercise. Food calories may take the form of fat, carbohydrates, or proteins.
Once con sumed , e nzy mes ac t on thes e nu trien ts th roug h me tabo lic
processes and break them into their perspective categories of fatty acids,
glucose, and amino acids. These molecules travel through the blood stream
to specific cells where they are absorbed for immediate use or sent on to the
final stage of metabolism where they release their stored energy through the
process of oxidation.
( 3 )T he nu mbe r o f ca l o ri es bu rn ed d u ri ng an ex e rc ise de pend s on
various factors including body weight and the type of exercise. For example,
an individual weighing 59 kilograms (130 pounds) would expend roughly 500
calories per hour swimming or playing basketball. However, this same person
would burn an estimated 200 walking or playing table tennis. In order to
survive and maintain body weight, the average individual requires
approximately 2000 to 2500 calories per day. Gaining or losing weight is a
simple process. Add and subtract 7,700 calories over the course of time to
gain or lose a kilogram. Nutrition has nothing to do with it. It is all about
calories.
8
9
Criterion Nearing Proficiency Proficient Advanced
(1 point) (3 points) (5 points)
Content Only few of the Almost all of the All of the important
important information important information information is present
is present. There are is present and clearly and clearly stated.
also inaccurate details stated.
included.
Organization Some of the ideas are Most of the ideas are All ideas are well -
not organized. The organized. The flow of organized. The flow of
flow of ideas is hard to thoughts is mostly thoughts is easy to
follow and easy to follow and follow and
understand. understand. understand.
Originality Most of the Almost all of the All of the information
information is lifted information is is expressed using
and copied from the expressed using the the writer’s own
original texts. writer’s own words. words.
Mechanics Many sentences are Only few sentences All sentences are
ungrammatically are ungrammatically grammatically
structured. There are structured. There are structured with no
also errors in spelling only few errors in errors in spelling and
and punctuation. spelling and punctuation.
punctuation.
9
Directions: Complete the 3-2-1. Chart about your discoveries on the lesson. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
10
11
Post test
Directions: Read and understand the instructions indicated in each part of the Pretest. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
I.TRUE OR FALSE: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is FALSE.
1.Graphic organizer is a framework that uses visual symbols to express relationship between ideas
or concepts.
2.Outline is a document that presents the main idea and supporting details in a logical form.
3.Creating a list of main ideas is important in outlining.
4. Sentence summary refers to the sorting of an event in a chronological order using transition
words.
5. Story summary focuses on who, what, when, where, and why (5Ws).
6.Summarizing is a short restatement of an original text but not necessarily including the main
idea.
7. In summarizing, the writer must use his own words.
8. Summarizing is similar with paraphrasing.
9.Summarizing is important in academic writing.
10. Comparing your summary with the original text is important.
II. WRITING A SUMMARY: Read the following text. Make sure that you comprehend it well. In
one paragraph, summarize the text in your own words. Be guided by the given rubrics.
Wrigley’s Chewing Gum
(1)Wrigley’s chewing gum was actually developed as a premium to
be given away with other product rather than as a primary product for sale. As
a teenager, William Wrigley Jr. was working for his father in Chicago selling
soap that has been manufactured in his father’s factory. The soap was not
very popular with merchants because it was priced at 5 cents, and this selling
price did not leave a good profit margin for the merchants. Wrigley convinced
his father to raise the price to ten cents and to give away cheap umbrellas as
a premium for the merchants. This worked successfully, confirming to Wrigley
that the use of premium was an effective sales tool.
(2 )Wrigley then es ta blis hed h is o wn company , in h is company he
was selling soap as a wholesaler, giving baking soda away as a premium,
and using a cook book to promote each deal. Over time, the baking soda and
cookbook became more popular t han the soap, so W rig ley began a new
operation selling baking soda, he soon decided on chewing g um. Once again,
when Wrigley realized that the demand for premium was stronger than the
demand for the original product, he created the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company to
p r o d u c e a n d s e l l c h e w i n g g u m .
(3 )Wrig ley s ta rted ou t with two b ran ds o f g um, Vass a r a nd Lo tt a
gums, and soon introduced Juicy Fruit and Spearmint. The latter two brands
g re w in po pu la r it y, w h il e th e f i rs t t w o we re p hased ou t . Ju icy F ru it a n d
Spearmint are two of Wrigley’s main brand to this day .
11
Summary of the Text:
Rubrics
Criterion Nearing Proficiency Proficient Advanced
(1 point) (3 points) (5 points)
Content Only few of the Almost all of the All of the important
important information important information information is present
is present. There are is present and clearly and clearly stated.
also inaccurate details stated.
included.
Organization Some of the ideas are Most of the ideas are All ideas are well -
not organized. The organized. The flow of organized. The flow of
flow of ideas is hard to thoughts is mostly thoughts is easy to
follow and easy to follow and follow and
understand. understand. understand.
Originality Most of the Almost all of the All of the information
information is lifted information is is expressed using
and copied from the expressed using the the writer’s own
original texts. writer’s own words. words.
Mechanics Many sentences are Only few sentences All sentences are
ungrammatically are ungrammatically grammatically
structured. There are structured. There are structured with no
also errors in spelling only few errors in errors in spelling and
and punctuation. spelling and punctuation.
punctuation.
12
13
Post Test
Reflection Activity 3
Part I
1. T
*Answer may vary. *Answer may vary.
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. T
Part II
*Answer
may vary.
Pre Test
Activity 2 Activity 1
Part I
*Answer may vary. 1. K 1. F
2. F 2. T
3. D 3. F
4. A 4. T
5. J 5. T
6. I 6. T
7. B 7. T
8. C 8. T
9. E 9. F
10. H 10. F
Part II
*Answer
may vary.
Answer Key
References
Textbook
Department of Education (December 2013) K to 12 Senior High School Applied Track Subject
English for Academic and Professional Purposes. Curriculum Guide
Laurel M.C., Luceno, A. F., & Bumantay - Cruz, R. T. (2016). English for Academic and
Professional Purposes , Reader. Department of Education
Online Source
https://brainly.ph/question/800358
https://brainly.ph/question/685729
https://www.mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/ArgumentsQuoteSummarizeParaphr.html
https://www.slideshare.net/tinelachica04/eappparaphrasing-and-summarizing
https://www.litinfocus.com/10-graphic-organizers-summary-
writing/#:~:text=A%20sequence%20summary%20graphic%20organizer,that%20happen%20bec
ause%20of%20it.
https://www.herzing.edu/blog/herzing/5-steps-create-perfect-outline
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Schools Division Office of Surigao City
Schools Division Superintendent: Karen L. Galanida
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Florence E. Almaden
Development Team of the Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Writer : April Joy T. Tangga-an
Editors/ Evaluators : Percious R. Bilazon and Aurora B. Obenza
Management Team : Karen L. Galanida
Florence E. Almaden
Carlo P. Tantoy
Ricky L. Pedralba
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