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Linux Basics Commands

The document provides information on Linux commands for file and directory management, user and group administration, package management, and ITIL processes. It describes commands for creating, editing, viewing, and managing files, directories, users, groups, and software packages. It also gives an overview of ITIL processes for event, incident, problem, and change management.

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P Dinesh
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43 views4 pages

Linux Basics Commands

The document provides information on Linux commands for file and directory management, user and group administration, package management, and ITIL processes. It describes commands for creating, editing, viewing, and managing files, directories, users, groups, and software packages. It also gives an overview of ITIL processes for event, incident, problem, and change management.

Uploaded by

P Dinesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux Basics Commands

CAT: used to create a new file and it is used to open an existing file

*to create a new file using cat: cat > filename

*to open an existing file using cat: cat filename

*to add data to already existed file: cat >> filename

Vi: it is used to create a file and to edit a file

*to open a new file: vi filename

Then press enter, it will show an empty file, to edit data press “i” for insert mode, after completion of
editing text to save the file, press Esc+:wq!

*to open an existing file also: vi filename

Touch: it used to create multiple empty files

*to create multiple empty files: touch file1 file2 file3

*to list the files: ls and ll

* to remove a file: rm file1 file2…….

*to rename a file name: mv old_filename New_filename

*to copy a file from location to another: cp source_path Destination_path

*to nullify a file: > filename (if you run this command, it will make the file empty – data in that file will
be erased)

Creating a Directory:

*to create a new directory: mkdir dir_name

* to go into the directory: cd dir_name

* remove a directory: rm -r dir_name

*to rename a directory name: mv old_Dirname New_Dirname

*to check the present working location: pwd


File System Hierarchy:

/boot: it stores system bootable files

/opt: it is optional directory, it stores 3rd party softwares

/bin: it contains the commands used by all users

/sbin: it contains the commands used by super user (root)

/home: it is home directory for users

/var: it contains all variable files (ex: logs)

/etc: it contains all configuration files

User Administration:

*to create an user: useradd username

adduser username

*to remove an existing user: userdel -r username (if you are using “-r” option while removing an user, it
will delete the user’s home directory also)

*to switch from one user to another user: sudo su username

*to set a password for user: passwd username

*after adding, user information will store in /etc/passwd file

*after setting password, password information will store in /etc/shadow file

Group Administration:

*to create a new group: groupadd group_name

*to remove a group: groupdel group_name

*to add user to a group: usermod -aG group_name user_name (G - for primary group, g - for
secondary group)

Filter Commands:

*grep: it is used on file, used to filter the file with any keyword: cat filename | grep -i Keyword

*head: it will show the top 10 lines of a file: cat filename | head

Head filename
*tail: it will show bottom 10 lines of a file: cat filename | tail

tail filename

Disk, CPU, Memory utilization:

*to check the disk utilization: df -h

* to check the CPU utilization: top (in top command, you can check CPU, load average and memory
utilization % also )

iostat

*to check the memory: free -m (or free -h)

*to check the file/directory size: du -sh *

Package management:

*package installation can be done by two ways: using yum and rpm

YUM: Yellowdog updater modified

*to install package using yum: yum install package_name

*to uninstall package: yum uninstall package_name

*to remove package: yum remove package_name

*to check the package information: yum info package_name

RPM: Redhat package Manager

*to install a package: rpm -ivh package_name

*to uninstall a package: rpm -Uvh package_name

*to remove a package: rpm -e package_name

*to check the package information: rpm -qa package_name

NOTE: to check the previous package installation history: yum history

File/Directory permissions:

Permissions will be in below format

rwxrwxrwx: here we can devide into 3parts like user, group, others (rwx rwx rwx)
*default directory permissions are: 755

*default file permissions are: 644

*directory full permissions are: 777

*full permissions for file is: 666

*to change the permissions for file or directory: chmod u,g,o+w file/dir_name (here we are giving
write(w) permission to users,groups,others)

chmod 777 firle/die_name

*to change the ownership to a file/directory: chown username file/dir_name

ITIL: ITIL Process (Information Technology Infrastructure Library)

*event management- scheduling meetings with clients/teams, clients data, tickets follow up (L1 support)

*incident management: any abnormal event occurs on server, we call it as an incident

*problem management: any incident occurring repeatedly on server, we can treat it as problem. we
need to find out the RCA and do permanent fix

*change management: for any hardware replacements, any configuration changes, OS updates, package
installations we need to create a CHANGE REQUEST

SLA:

p1-Critical, immediate

p2-High, with in 24hrs

p3-Medium, 7days

p4-Low, 14days

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