BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU

50-1 -1 .4b:1 996

ISO
1 01 91 :1 995
Incorporating
Amendment No. 1 to
BS AU 50-1 . 4a:1996

Tyres and wheels — (Renumbers the BS as

BS AU 50-1-1. 4b:
1996)

Part 1 : Tyres —

Section 1 : Car tyres —

Subsection 1 .4b Method of test for

verifying tyre capabilities

IC S 43 . 1 0 0 ; 83 . 1 60 . 1 0

Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy

 BS AU 5 0-1 -1 .4b:1 996

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical

Committee AUE/4, Tyres and wheels for motor vehicles, upon which the
following bodies were represented:

Agricultural Engineers’ Association

Automobile Association

British Industrial Truck Association

British Pressure Gauge Manufacturers’ Association

British Rubber Manufacturers’ Association

Confederation of Passenger Transport UK

Department of Transport

Freight Transport Association

Institute of Road Transport Engineers (Inc)

Motor Cycle Industry’s Association of Great Britain Ltd.

Motor Industry Research Association

National Tyre Distributors’ Association

Retread Manufacturers’ Association

Road Haulage Association Ltd.

Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Amd. No. Date Comments
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and 1 0362 May 1 999 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
comes into effect on
1 5 July 1 996

© BSI 04- 2000

ISBN 0 5 80 25 906 4

Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy

 BS AU 5 0-1 -1 .4b:1 996

Contents

Page

Committees responsible Inside front cover

National foreword ii

1 Scope 1

2 Normative reference 1

3 Definitions 1

4 Test equipment 1

5 Testing 2

6 Requirements 6

Annex A (informative) High- speed test — Test conditions

for tyres without service description marking 7

Annex B (informative) Bibliography 7

Figure 1 — Diagrams of bead unseating blocks 3

Figure 2 — Bead unseating fixture 4

Table 1 — Inflation pressures for resistance test 2

Table 2 — Distance P from bead unseating block 4

Table 3 — Test parameters for endurance 4

Table 4 — Inflation pressures for high speed test 5

Table 5 — Minimum breaking energy 6

Table 6 — Bead unseating 6

Table 7 — Bead unseating for temporary use spare tyres 6

Table A. 1 — Reference pressures 7

Table A. 2 — Speed categories 7

© BSI 04- 2000 i

Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 5 0-1 -1 .4b:1 996

National foreword

This Subsection of this Part of BS AU 50 has been prepared by Technical

Committee AUE/4 and supersedes BS AU 50- 1 - 1 . 4: 1 994, which is withdrawn. It
is identical with ISO 1 01 91 : 1 995 Passenger car tyres — Verifying tyre cap ab ilities

— Lab oratory test m etho ds, published by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).

Other Parts of this standard are as follows:

— Part 2: Wheels and rim s ;

— Part 3: Valv es ;

— Part 4: Rim p rofiles and dim ensio ns .

Cross-references

The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 4223- 1 : 1 989 to
which normative reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are
acceptable for use in conj unction with this standard.

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 7 and a back cover.

This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

© BSI 04- 2000

ii
Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 5 0 -1 -1 . 4 b: 1 996

1 S cope 3.3

This International Standard specifies test methods chunking

for verifying the capabilities of tyres for passenger breaking away of pieces of the tread
cars. Of the test methods presented, only some may
be required depending on the type of tyre to be
3.4

tested.
cord sep aration

cord parting from adjacent rubber compounds

The tests are carried out in a laboratory under
controlled conditions. 3.5

It includes a strength test for assessing the

cracking

capability of the tyre structure, with respect to any parting within the tread, sidewall or innerliner
braking energy, in the tread area. of the tyre extending to cord material
A second test, the bead unseating test, assesses the 3.6

resistance of the tyre to bead unseating. It applies to innerline r sep aration

tubeless tyres only. parting of innerliner from cord material in the

A third test, the endurance test, assesses the carcass
resistance of the tyre with respect to service at full
load and moderate speed over long distances.
3.7

ope n sp lice

The fourth test, the high speed test, assesses the any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall or
capability of the tyre according to its speed category. innerliner that extends to cord material
The test methods presented in this International
Standard are not intended for gradation of tyre 3.8

performance or quality levels. ply se paration

This International Standard applies to all parting of rubber compound between adjacent plies
passenger car tyres. 3.9

side wall se paration

2 Normative reference parting of the rubber compound from the cord

The following standard contains provisions which, material in the sidewall
through reference in this text, constitute provisions 3.1 0

of this International Standard. At the time of tre ad se paration

publication, the edition indicated was valid. All pulling away of the tread from the tyre carcass
standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this International Standard 3.1 1

are encouraged to investigate the possibility of test rim

applying the most recent edition of the standard any rim on which the tyre may be fitted that
indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain conforms to the dimensions of the recommended
registers of currently valid International Standards. rims for the particular tyre designation and type
ISO 4223-1:1989, Definitions of som e term s used in
3.1 2
the tyre industry — Part 1 : Pneum atic tyres.
test drum sp ee d

3 D efinitions
peripheral speed of the steel test drum
For the purposes of this International Standard, the 3.1 3

definitions given in ISO 4223-1 and the following maximum load rating

definitions apply. maximum load that the tyre is rated to carry

3.1
according to its speed category
b e ad se paration
4 Test equipment
breakdown of bond between components in the bead The test equipment consists of items in to .
area 4. 1 4.4

cylindrical driven flywheel (drum)

4. 1 Te st drum,
3.2

b e lt sep aration
having a diameter of 1,7 m +20 % or 2 m +20 %.
parting of rubber compound between belt layers or The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel. The
between belts and plies width of the test surface shall be equal to or exceed
the overall width of the test tyre.

© BSI 04-2000 1
Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 5 0 -1 -1 . 4 b: 1 996

For the test drum the loading device shall have a 5.1.1.2 Maintain the assembly at test room
capacity of at least 1 000 kg and the accuracy shall temperature for at least 3 h.
be within ± 1 % of the full scale. 5.1.2 Test procedure
For the test drum, the speed capability of the Readjust the tyre pressure to that specified
equipment shall be adequate for the requirements of 5.1 .2.1

in and mount the assembly on a fixture.

the test methods. The accuracy of the test drum 5.1.1.1

speed shall be within +20 km/h. 5.1 .2.2Position the plunger as near to the centreline
cylindrical steel plunger of sufficient as possible, avoiding penetration into the tread
4 . 2 Plunge r,

length with a hemispherical end and a diameter grooves, and force the plunger perpendicularly into
of 19 mm ± 1,6 mm. the tread at a rate of 50 mm/min ± 2,5 mm/min.
For the plunger equipment, the loading device shall 5.1 .2.3Record the force and penetration at the
permit gradual application of the force. Indicators of moment of breaking (see also 5.1 .2.7) at each of five
displacement and force provided shall have an test points approximately equally spaced around
accuracy within ± 1 % of full scale. the tyre circumference. Check the pressure before
moving to the next test point.
For the plunger equipment, the displacement speed If the tyre fails to break before the plunger is
shall be controlled with an accuracy within ± 3 % of 5.1 .2.4

stopped on reaching the rim, then the tyre is deemed

the full scale. to have passed the test at that point.
4 . 3 Be ad unse ating b lock, of one of the two types Compute the breaking energy, W, in joules
in Figure 1. 5.1 .2.5

for each test point, except those considered

The bead unseating block loading device shall by , by means of the following formula:
permit progressive application of the force.
5.1 .2.4

Indicators of displacement and force provided shall

have an accuracy within ± 1 % of full scale.
The displacement speed of the head unseating block where
shall be controlled with an accuracy within ± 3 % of F is the force, in newtons;
the full scale. P is the penetration, in millimetres.
with a maximum
Determine the breaking energy value for the
4 . 4 Inflation pre ssure gauges,

scale value of at least 500 kPa with an accuracy 5.1 .2.6

within ± 5 kPa. tyre by computing the average of the values

obtained.
5 Testing When an appropriate device which
5.1 .2.7

automatically evaluates the value of the energy W is

5 . 1 S tre ngth test
available, the penetration can be stopped shortly
Preparation of tyre
5.1 .1
after having achieved the prescribed value.
Mount the tyre on a test rim and inflate it to
5.1 .1 .1 In the case of tubeless tyres, means may be
the pressure specified in Table 1.
5.1 .2.8

provided to ensure the retention of the inflation

Tab le 1 — Inflation pressures for pressure for the duration of the test.
re sistance te st
5 . 2 Be ad unse ating test

Pre ssure
This test applies to tubeless tyres only.
kPa Preparation of tyre
Tyre typ e

5.2.1

Standard 180 Wash the tyre, dry it at the beads, and

5.2.1 .1

Reinforced/extra load 220 mount it without lubrication or adhesive on a clean,

T type (temporary use) 360 painted test rim. The rim contour shall be one of
those specified for the fitment of the test tyre.
NOTE In case of other tyre types, the tyre manufacturer shall Mount the tyre on a test rim and inflate it to
send a request to ISO for insertion in this table of a different 5.2.1 .2

test pressure, with reasons. the pressure specified in Table 1.

2 © BSI 04-2000
Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 5 0-1 -1 .4b:1 996

Figure 1 — Diagrams of bead unseating blocks

© BSI 04- 2 000 3

Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 5 0-1 -1 .4b:1 996

5 .2.2 Test procedure 5.2.2.3 Apply a force through the block

5 .2.2.1 Mount the tyre and rim assembly on a

to the tyre outer sidewall at a rate
fixture as shown in Figure 2. of 50 mm/min ± 2,5 mm/min.
5.2.2.4 Increase the force until the bead block
5 .2.2.2 Position the bead unseating block (4.3 )
against the tyre sidewall at a horizontal distance P unseats or until the prescribed value is reached.
as shown in Table 2. 5.2.2.5 Repeat the test at least four times at places
approximately equally spaced around the tyre
circumference.
5.3 Endurance test

Preparation of tyre 5.3.1

5.3.1 .1 Mount the tyre on a test rim and inflate it to

the pressure specified in Table 1.
5.3.1 .2 Maintain the tyre and rim assembly at an
ambient temperature of not less than 35 °C for at
least 3 h.
5.3.2 Test procedure

5.3.2.1 Readjust the tyre pressure to the value

specified in 5 .3.1 .1 immediately before testing.
5.3.2.2 Mount the tyre and rim assembly on a test
axle so that the tyre may be pressed radially against
the outer face of test drum.
5.3.2.3 During the test the ambient temperature, at
a distance of not less than 150 mm and not more
than 1 m from the tyre, shall be at least 35 °C. No
provision shall be made for cooling the tyre during
Figure 2 — Bead unseating fixture
the test.
Table 2 — Distance P from bead unseating 5.3.2.4 Conduct the test, without interruptions, at
block (see Figure 2) not less than 80 km/h test speed with loads and test
Dimensions in millimetres periods not less than those shown in Table 3.
Table 3 — Test parameters for endurance
Dimension P
Nominal rim Load as a percentage of tyre
diameter code T type temporary Duration
All other tyres maximum load rating
use spare tyres Test period

10 216 min. min.

12 241 1 4h 85 %
13 254 2 6h 90 %
14 226 267 3 24 h 100 %
15 239 279 5.3.2.5 Throughout the test, the inflation pressure
16 251 292 shall not be corrected and the test loads shall be
17 269 305 kept constant at the value corresponding to each
18 290 318 test period.
19 305 330 5.4 High speed test

290 229 For those tyres not marked with a service

315 241 description, note should be taken of the additional
test conditions given in Annex A.
340 254 5.4.1 Preparation of tyre
365 — 267 5.4.1 .1 Mount the tyre on a test rim, inflate it to a
390 279 pressure related to its speed symbol, tyre version
415 292 and load type, as shown in Table 4.

4 © BSI 04-2000
Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 50-1 -1 .4b:1 996

Table 4 — Inflation pressures for high speed test

Inflation pressure

kPa
Speed symbol
Diagonal Radial and bias-belted

Normal Reinforced
4PR 6PR 8PR
(standard) (extra load)

L, M, N 230 270 300 240 280

P, Q, R, S 260 300 330 260 300
T, U, H 280 320 350 280 320
V 300 340 370 300 340
W, Y — — — 320 360
NOTE In case of high pressure “temporary use spare” tyres, identified by a prefix T in the size designation, the tyre shall be
inflated to 420 kPa.
The tyre manufacturer may request, giving reasons, — less 30 km/h on a 2 m drum.
the use of a different test inflation pressure. In such 1) Accelerate the equipment at a constant
a case, the tyre shall be inflated to that pressure. rate such that the initial test speed is
5.4.1 .2 Maintain the tyre and rim assembly at test reached at the end of 10 min from start-up.
room temperature for not less than 3 h. 2) Operate the equipment with the test
5.4.2 Test method drum speed at the initial test speed
5.4.2.1 Before or after mounting the tyre and rim
for 10 min;
assembly on a test axle, readjust the tyre pressure — then, at the initial test speed plus 10 km/h
to that specified in 5.4.1 . for at least 10 min;
5.4.2.2 Press the tyre and rim assembly against the — then, at the initial test speed plus 20 km/h
outer face of the test drum. for at least 10 min;
5.4.2.3 Apply a load equal to 80 % of the maximum — then, at the initial test speed plus 30 km/h
load rating of the tyre to the test axle. for at least 10 min;
For tyres of speed symbol V, the test load shall be — and finally, for a further 10 min, at the
equal to 73 % of the load corresponding to their load initial test speed plus
index, i.e. 80 % of the maximum load allowed 30 km/h on one or other of the drums, or
at 240 km/h. 40 km/h on the 1,7 m drum only.
For tyres of speed symbol W and Y, the test load b) For tyres of speed symbol Y
shall be equal to 68 % of the load corresponding to The test conditions on a 2 m drum are the
their load index, i.e. 80 % of the maximum load following.
allowed at 270 km/h and 300 km/h, respectively.
5.4.2.4 Throughout the test the inflation pressure
1) Accelerate the equipment at a constant rate
shall not be corrected and the test load shall be kept such that a speed of 270 km/h is reached at the
constant. end of 10 min from start-up.
5.4.2.5 During the test, the temperature in the test
2) Operate the equipment at 270 km/h
room shall be maintained at between 20 °C for 20 min;
and 30 °C, or at a higher temperature if the tyre — then, at 280 km/h for 10 min;
manufacturer agrees. — then, at 290 km/h for 10 min;
5.4.2.6 Carry the test through without interruptions — and finally, at 300 km/h for 10 min.
as follows, in relation to the tyre speed symbol and 3) When a 1,7 m drum is used, reduce the
the test drum diameter. above speeds by 10 km/h.
a) For tyres of speed symbol L to W
The initial test speed is equal to the tyre’s speed
category
— less 40 km/h on a 1,7 m drum, or

© BSI 04-2000 5
Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 5 0 -1 -1 . 4 b: 1 996

6 Requirements Tab le 6 — Be ad unse ating

6. 1 Test sample No minal se ction, S, Fo rce

Three tyres with identical characteristics, e.g. size

width

designation and service description or maximum mm N

load rating and speed capability, shall comprise a S < 160 6 670
test sample: 160 u S < 205 8 890
a) one tyre shall be used for the measurement of S W 205 11 120
bead unseating and then of strength;
b) a second tyre for the endurance test; For high pressure “temporary use spare” tyres,
6. 3 . 2

c) a third for the high-speed performance test. identified by a prefix T in the size designation, the
The pressures, loads speeds and durations shall be force required to unseat the tyre bead shall not be
as specified for each test method. less, in relation to the tyre load index, than that
shown in Table 7.
Each test sample shall conform to the requirements
specified in to as appropriate.
6. 2 6. 5
Tab le 7 — Be ad unse ating for te mp orary

use spare tyre s

6. 2 S tre ngth test

Each test sample shall meet at least the

Fo rce

6. 2 . 1
N
Lo ad inde x

requirements for minimum breaking energy

specified in Table 5, when tested in accordance u 75 6 670
with . 5.1
76 to 92 8 890
Tab le 5 — Minimum b reaking ene rgy
W 93 11 120
Bre aking e ne rgy

Tyre ve rsion min. 6. 4 E ndurance te st

J When the tyre has been subjected to the
Standard 295
6. 4. 1

laboratory endurance test specified in , using a

5.3

Reinforced/extra load 585 test rim and a valve which undergo no permanent
NOTE In the case of other tyre versions or when pressures deformation and allow no loss of air, there shall be
differ from those recommended for tyre measurements in no visual evidence of tread, sidewall, ply, cord,
Table 1, the value of the minimum breaking load Emin, in joules, innerliner, belt or bead separation, chunking, open
is calculated as follows: splices, cracking or broken cords.
Emin = 7,35 (p 1 – 140) The tyre pressure measured immediately after
6. 4. 2
where p1 is the inflation pressure, in kilopascals, specified for the test shall not be less than the initial pressure
the test. specified in .
5.3.1 .1

For tyres with nominal section width less

6. 2 . 2

than 160 mm, the required energy value shall be

6. 5 H igh-sp ee d test

reduced by 25 %. After completion of the laboratory high-speed

6. 5 . 1

test specified in using a test rim and a valve

For high pressure “temporary use spare” tyres,
5.4
6. 2 . 3
which undergo no permanent deformation and allow
identified by a prefix T in the size designation, the no loss of air, there shall be no visual evidence of
energy required shall be tread, sidewall, ply, cord, innerliner, belt or bead
a) 295 J for tyres with a maximum load rating separation, chunking, open splices, cracking or
of 400 kg and above; broken cords.
b) 220 J for tyres with a maximum load rating The tyre pressure measured immediately after
6. 5 . 2

below 400 kg. the test shall not be less than the initial pressure
6. 3 Be ad unse ating resistance (tubeless tyres) specified in .
5.4.1 .1

When tested in accordance with , the

6. 3 . 1 5.2

applied force required to unseat the tyre bead at the

point of contact shall not be less, in relation to the
nominal section width of the tyre, than that shown
in Table 6.

6 © BSI 04-2000
Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU 50-1 -1 .4b:1 996

Annex A (informative) The initial test speed for non-speed-marked

A.2.2.3
High-speed test — Test conditions for tyres is the speed category shown in Table A.2
tyres without service description reduced as in 5.4.2.6 a).
marking A.2.2.4 In the case of tyres marked “ZR”, suitable for
speeds higher than 300 km/h, two separate
A.1 Scope high-speed tests shall be performed on two samples
This annex provides additional information on test of the same type. The first test shall be performed as
conditions for those tyres which are not marked specified in paragraph 5.4.2.6 b), applying a test
with a service description. load which is 80 % of the load allowed for operation
The following additional conditions apply. at a speed of 300 km/h. The second test relative to
assessment of top tyre performances shall be
A.2 Test conditions
performed on the second sample using the following
A.2.1 Inflation pressures procedure and on a test drum with a diameter
The inflation pressures (see 5.4.1.1 ) in Table A.1 of 2 m.
shall be used. Apply a test load equal to 80 % of the load allowed
Table A.1 — Reference pressures for operation at the top speed capability. Accelerate
the equipment at a constant rate in order to reach
the maximum speed certified for the tyre at the end
Inflation
pressure
Tyre type

kPa
of 10 min from start-up. Operate the equipment
with the test drum speed corresponding to the
VR 300 maximum speed for 5 min.
ZR 320 Annex B (informative)
Radial 280 Bibliography
Diagonal and bias-belted: [1] ISO 2107:1983, Aluminium, magnesium and
4 PR or B 230 their alloys — Temper designations.
6 PR or C 270 [2] ISO 3522:1984, Cast aluminium alloys —
8 PR or D 300 Chemical composition and mechanical properties.
[3] ISO 3877-1:1978, Tyres, valves and tubes — List
A.2.2 Maximum load rating/speed category of equivalent terms — Part 1: Tyres.
A.2.2.1 The maximum load rating (see 5.4.2.3 ) is [4] ISO 4000-1:1995, Passenger car tyres and rims —
that specified by the tyre manufacturer (or moulded Part 1 : Tyres (metric series).
on the tyre sidewall) with reference to the speed [5] ISO 4000-2:1994, Passenger car tyres and rims —
categories shown in Table A.2. Part 2: Rims.
A.2.2.2 The test load (see 5.4.2.3 ) shall be 80 % of
the maximum load rating (see A.2.2.1 ).
Table A.2 — Speed categories

Speed
category
Tyre type

km/h
VR > 210a
ZR > 240a
Radial 170
Diagonal or bias-belted:
Rim diameter code
10 120
12 140
W 13 150
a Consult the tyre manufacturer for the maximum speed.

© BSI 04-2000 7
Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy
 BS AU
5 0-1 -1 .4b:1 996
ISO BSI — British Standards Institution
1 01 91 :1 995
BS I is the indep endent national b ody res p ons ib le for p rep aring

Britis h S tandards . It p res ents the UK view on s tandards in E urop e and at the

international level. I t is incorp orated b y Royal C harter.

Revisions

Britis h S tandards are up dated b y amendment or revis ion. Us ers of

Britis h S tandards should make s ure that they p oss es s the latest amendments or

editions .

It is the constant aim of BS I to imp rove the quality of our p roducts and services .

We would b e grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or amb iguity while us ing

this Britis h S tandard would inform the S ecretary of the technical committee

res p ons ib le, the identity of which can b e found on the inside front cover.

Tel: 02 0 89 96 90 00. Fax: 02 0 89 96 7 40 0 .

BS I offers memb ers an individual up dating s ervice called PLUS which ens ures

that s ub s crib ers automatically receive the lates t editions of s tandards .

Buying standards

O rders for all BS I, international and foreign s tandards p ub lications s hould b e

addres s ed to C us tomer S ervices. Tel: 0 2 0 899 6 9 00 1 . Fax: 0 2 0 899 6 7001 .

In res p ons e to orders for international standards , it is BS I p olicy to sup p ly the

BS I imp lementation of thos e that have b een p ub lis hed as Britis h S tandards,

unless otherwis e requested.

Information on standards

BS I p rovides a wide range of information on national, E urop ean and

international standards through its Lib rary and its Technical H elp to E xp orters

S ervice. Various BS I electronic information s ervices are also availab le which give

details on all its p roducts and s ervices . C ontact the Information C entre.

Tel: 02 0 89 96 71 1 1 . Fax: 02 0 89 96 7 048.

S ub s crib ing memb ers of BS I are kep t up to date with s tandards develop ments

and receive sub s tantial discounts on the p urchase p rice of s tandards. For details

of thes e and other b enefits contact Memb ership Adminis tration.

Tel: 02 0 89 96 70 02 . Fax: 02 0 89 96 7 00 1 .

Copyright

C op yright s ub s is ts in all BS I p ub lications . BS I als o holds the cop yright, in the

UK, of the p ub lications of the international s tandardization b odies . E xcep t as

p ermitted under the C op yright, D es igns and Patents Act 1 988 no extract may b e

rep roduced, s tored in a retrieval s ystem or transmitted in any form or b y any

means – electronic, p hotocop ying, recording or otherwis e – without p rior written

p ermis s ion from BS I.

This does not p reclude the free us e, in the cours e of imp lementing the standard,

of necess ary details such as s ymb ols, and size, typ e or grade designations. I f thes e

details are to b e used for any other p urp os e than imp lementation then the p rior

written p ermiss ion of BS I must b e ob tained.

If p ermis sion is granted, the terms may include royalty p ayments or a licensing

agreement. D etails and advice can b e ob tained from the C op yright Manager.

BS I
Tel: 02 0 89 96 70 7 0.

3 89 C his wick H igh Road

London

W4 4AL

Reprodu ced by I H S u n d er l i cen se wi th BSI - U n con trol l ed Copy