See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/328447185
Strength Characteristics Of Ecofriendly Cement Bricks Using Solid Waste
Composites
Article · January 2018
CITATION READS
1 5,048
4 authors, including:
Mohammed Yaseen Pruthviraj S R
National Institute of Technology Karnataka University B.D.T College of Engineering
16 PUBLICATIONS 32 CITATIONS 8 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION
SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Vermicomposting in the GMIT Campus using Garden Trimmings and Kitchen waste View project
diseases control View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Mohammed Yaseen on 23 October 2018.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
IJSART - Volume 4 Issue 5 – MAY 2018 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
Strength Characteristics Of Ecofriendly Cement
Bricks Using Solid Waste Composites
Mohammed Yaseen1, Puttaraj M H2, Ravitej M Bandlekar 3,Sharathraj R M 4
Mr. Pruthviraj S R5, Mr. Srinivas V R6
1, 2 . Assistant Professor Dept of Civil Engineering
3, 4, 5, 6, Dept of Civil Engineering
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 GMIT, Davangere
Abstract- The disposal of solid waste is a major problem faced Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials
by many countries of the globe and this problem continues to generated from human activities in residential, industrial or
grow with the growth of population and development of commercial areas. It may be categorized in these ways.
industries. Disposal of waste in landfills, incineration and
open dumping are the routine methods in majority of places • Biodegradable waste
which causes environmental impacts.In the present study an • Recyclable waste
attempt is made to use the inert solid waste fractions i.e • Inert waste
inorganic solid waste fractions like waste plastic, waste glass, • Electrical and electronic waste
fly ash, bed ash is used in the preparation of moulded bricks, • Hazardous waste
road kerbs, Manhole inspection chambers covers. In this study • Biomedical waste
the cement, fly ash, waste glass, bed ash is used in various
proportions and the optimized ratio of cement fly ash and A. PLASTIC
solid waste fractions is used for the casting the bricks. This
optimized ratio yielded good results in terms of compressive Not all plastics are recyclable. There are 4 types of
strength and also for water absorption and fall tests. Hence plastic which are commonly recycled
the attempt of using solid waste in the preparation of
ecofriendly bricks is a sustainable method of brick
• Polyethylene (PE) - both high density and low-
manufacturing and can be adopted for practical purposes
density polyethylene
which will reduce the environmental impacts caused due to the
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
disposal of inorganic solid waste fractions
• Polystyrene (PS)
• Polypropylene (PP)
Keywords- Eco friendly brick, plastic waste recycling, fly
ash bricks.
B. BRICKS
I. INTRODUCTION
A brick is building material used to make walls,
pavements and other elements in masonry construction.
Solid waste is generated worldwide in large
Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of
quantities. Rapid industrialization and population growth has
clay, but it is now used to denote any rectangular units laid in
led to exponential growth of solid waste generation. Solid
mortar. A brick can be composed of clay-bearing soil, sand,
waste disposal is a major challenge for most of the countries
and lime, or concrete materials.
and especially the developing nations.
Types: Common Burnt Clay Brick, Sand lime Bricks,
Presently in India, about 960 million tons of solid
Engineering bricks, Concrete fly ash brick.
waste is being generated annually as by-products during
industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes.
C. NEED FOR THE STUDY
Of this 350 million tons are organic wastes from agricultural
sources; 290 million tons are inorganic waste of industrial and
Mass production of plastics, which began just six
mining sectors and 4.5 million tons are hazardous in nature.
decades ago, has accelerated so rapidly that it has created 8.3
Advances in solid waste management resulted in alternative
billion metric tons, 6.3 billion metric tons has become plastic
construction materials as a substitute to traditional materials
waste. Of that, only nine percent has been recycled. The vast
like bricks, blocks, tiles, aggregates, ceramics, cement, lime,
majority 79 percent is accumulating in landfills or sloughing
soil, timber and paint.
Page | 1697 www.ijsart.com
IJSART - Volume 4 Issue 5 – MAY 2018 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
off in the natural environment as litter. Meaning at some point,
much of it ends up in the oceans, the final sink. If present
trends continue, by 2050, there will be 12 billion metric tons
of plastic in landfills.
In the present study the main objective is to reduce
the quantity of cement in manufacturing of bricks also various
attempts are made for using inorganic solid waste fractions in
the manufacturing of moulded bricks, kerbs, paver blocks,
inspection chamber cover. This study deals with the effective
use of inorganic solid waste fractions in a sustainable way.
D. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The present study aims at reduction of natural Fig1: Shredding of waste plastic
resources in the manufacturing of cement bricks and the
inorganic solid waste. Evaluating the properties of cement
bricks, pavers blocks and kerbs. Estimating the cost of
ecofriendly cement bricks.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
A. MATERIALS USED
• Cement
• Fly ash
• Plastic Fig2: Crushed waste glass
• Bottom ash
• Glass
• Quarry dust
Waste scrap glass is collected from the Avaragolla,
Davangere solid waste disposal facility after sorting it out
from municipal solid waste. The collected waste glass is
crushed and powdered using crushing apparatus into the small
pieces and it is further sieved in 4.75 mm IS sieve and used for
the present study.
The waste plastic used in the study is LDPE and Fig 3: Ready moulds prepared from plywood waste.
HDPE which was being procured from the Plastic industry and
then shredded to small pieces. During the experimentation the B. METHODOLOGY
the plastic is sieved through the 4.75 mm IS sieve
Keeping the cement to combined agregate ratio 1:6 as
constant in that, the materials used for combined agregate are
quarry dust, bottom ash, plastic, glass with 40%, 40%, 10%
and 10% respectively and by adding the fly ash to the cement
mortar with varying percentage to get the optimum value from
those mix through weight analysis.
The percentage of fly ash added to the cement are
given bellow
Page | 1698 www.ijsart.com
IJSART - Volume 4 Issue 5 – MAY 2018 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
Glass: The Fineness Modulus of the glass used in the
experimentation is 4.56 and the fine aggregate belongs to zone
I (As per IS: 383-1970) with specific gravity being 2.44.
Plastic: The mechanically shredded plastic used in this test are
the Low density polyethylene and High density polyethylene
The ecofriendly bricks were being tested for its which are tested for its specific gravity which tends to be 0.93.
Compression strength, size and shape, water absorption,
falling, density, efflorescence tests. B. TESTS ON ECO FRIENDLY CEMENT BRICKS
1. Compression Tests:
Fig 4: The ecofriendly brick specimen
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. MATERIAL CHARACTERISATION:
Cement: In the present work Ultratech Cement of 43 grade
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was used for casting bricks
for different mortar mixes.
Table 3.1: Preliminary Test results on the Cement
Fig 5: Eco friendly cement brick specimen being tested in
CTM
Fine aggregate: The Fineness Modulus of the quarry dust
used in the experimentation is 3.56 and the fine aggregate
belongs to zone III (As per IS: 383-1970) with specific
gravity being 2.53.
Bottom ash: The Fineness Modulus of the bottom ash used in
the experimentation is 2.66 and the fine aggregate belongs to
zone IV (As per IS: 383-1970) with specific gravity being
2.38.
Page | 1699 www.ijsart.com
IJSART - Volume 4 Issue 5 – MAY 2018 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
Size and shape test is conducted on the eco-friendly cement
bricks which is one of the important parameter in bricks. In
the present experimentation the bricks so casted had a purely
rectangular shape with sharp edges and with standard brick
size consists of 19 x 9 x 9 cm.
5. Efflorescence Test:
The bricks were tested for efflorescence by
immersing them in water for 24hrs and then it was found that
the eco-friendly cement bricks had no perceptible deposit of
efflorescence on its surface.
Fig 6: Eco friendly cement brick after the compression test
6. Density Test:
2.Water absorption test: The experimentation result of the density test on the
ecofriendly cement bricks are as follows
A brick will be considered as good quality if it does
not consume more than 20% water of by its weight. Table 3.3: Density test on eco-friendly cement bricks
Table 3.2: Water absorption of ecofrienfly cement bricks
C. COST ANALYSIS
3.Falling Test:
Falling test is conducted for the brick specimen as per
the BIS 10719-9557 and 1970 the fall test is conducted i.e.,
themoulded brick is allowed to fall from a height of 1m and it
is checked for its breaking property.
F ig 7: Falling test
The above cost analysis is done based on the
4. Shape and Size Test: Schedule of Rates in Shivamogga region values.
Page | 1700 www.ijsart.com
IJSART - Volume 4 Issue 5 – MAY 2018 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
In the present study various trial mixes were made
D. APPLICATIONS and moulded bricks were casted using the solid waste
components like waste glass, waste plastic,fly ash, bed ash,
The following mortar elements were made using the above and some percentage of cement in various proportions and its
mix as per standard procedures and specifications which is compressive strength, fallingtests, shapetest, water absorption.
done by comparing it with commercially available moulds. The following are the conclusions of this study
Compressive strength was being obtained for
different ratios by fly ash partially replacing cement in the
different ratios 8:2,4:6,6:4, and 2:8 and the compressive
strength obtained for these ratios at 28 days of curing are
7.4N/mm2,5.45 N/mm2,3.21 N/mm2 ,3.124
N/mm2respectively.
From the above conclusions it can be said that the
trial mix ratios of partial replacement of fly ash with cement
8:2,6:4 has crossed the average compressive strength of
standard brick of strength 3.5 N/mm2 for 28 days. Hence it
Fig 8: Interlocking paver block can be concluded that since the mortar mix 8:2 contains more
part of cement. The trail mix ratio of 6:4 i.e 6 parts of cement
along with 4 parts of flyash can be effectively used as a mix
along with fractions of inorganic solid waste in the
manufacture of bricks.
The study can be extended by using the solid waste
fractions as coarse aggregate and using different plastics other
than LDPE and HDPE and different fly ash ratio under
different proportions. Further experimentation can be made by
adding suitable admixtures the curing period can be decreased.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We sincerely owe our gratitude to all the persons who
Fig 9: Inspection chamber cover
helped and guided us in completing this research work. Also
we would like to thank Department of civil engineering,
GMIT, Davanagere for providing the support required for the
work.
We would like to thank the Mr. Prakash propertior of
Apple plywood industry, Yelebethur, Davangere for providing
materials to prepare the moulds.
REFERENCES
[1] P.Aggarwal, Y. Aggrwal, et al, “Effect of bottom ash as
replacement of fine aggregates in concrete”, Asian journal
of civil engineering9building and housing) vol8,
no.1(2007).
Fig 9: Kerb [2] C freeda Christy and D Tensing, “Effect of class-F fly ash
IV. CONCLUSIONS as partial replacement with cement and fine aggregate in
mortar”, Indian journal of engineering and material
Page | 1701 www.ijsart.com
IJSART - Volume 4 Issue 5 – MAY 2018 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
sciences vvol17, april2010. ordinary concrete blocks”, June 2016.
[3] Dr.G.Vijayakumar, Ms.H.vishaliny, “Studies on glass [16] Vinod goud, niraj soni,”partial replacement of cement
powder as partial replacement of cement in concrete with fly ash in concrete and its effect”, IOSR journal of
production”, International journal of emerging technology engineering vol6, issue 10(oct. 2016).
and advanced engineering,vol3, issue 2, feb 2013 [17] Koli Nishikant, Aiwale nachiket, “Manufacturing of
[4] Dr.G.vijayakumar, Ms H.vishaliny, Dr.D.govindarajula et concrete paving block by using waste glass material”,
al, “Studies on glass powder as partial replacement of International journal of science and research publication,
cement in concrete production”, International journal of vol 6, issue6, june 2016.
emerging technology and advanced engineering,vol3, [18] Saurabh kajal, er. Vedpal et al, “ Strength performance of
issue 2, feb 2013. concrete using bottom ash as fine aggregate”,
[5] Aman jatale, Kartikey Tiwari et al, “Effects on International journal of latest research in science and
compressive strength when cement is partially replaced technology vol6, issue5 sept-oct 2017.
by fly-ash”, IOSR journal of mechanical and civil [19] O.Krishna swarup, P.V Ravindra reddy et al, “A Study on
engineering vol5, issue 4(jan-feb 2013). durability of concrete by partial replacement of cement
[6] M.P.kadam, Y.D.patil, “The effect of sieved coal bottom with bentonite and fly ash”, International journal of chem
ash as a sand substitute on the properties of concrete with tech research vol 10, 2017.
percentage variation in cement”,American journal of civil [20] Ishan Srivastava, Dushyant gupth et al, “Partial
engineering and architecture,2014, vol 2, no 5, 160-166. replacement of fine aggregates with waste glass”,
[7] T.G.S. Kiran, M.K.M.V Ratnam, et al, “Fly ash as a International journal of advance research, ideas and
partial replacement of cement in concrete and durability innovations in technology”, vol 3.
study of fly ash in acidic environment”, International [21] Code books-For bricks IS:1077:1992, for burnt fly ash
journal of engineering research and development vol10, bricks IS 13757:1993, fly ash brick IS 12894:2002
issue12 dec2014.
[8] Dr. M.Vijaya shekar reddy, et al, “Incorporation of waste
glass powder as partial replacement of fine aggregate in
cement concrete”, international lournal of scientific and
engineering research, volume6 issue 12, December-2015.
[9] S. Vanitha,V.Natrajan et al, “Utilisation of waste plastic
as a partial replacement of coarce aggregate in concrete
blocks”, Indian journal of science and technology, vol8,
june 2015.
[10] Amulu.R.G, azeef asharaf,et al, “ Use of waste plastic as
fine aggregate substitute in concrete”, International
lournal of scientific and engineering research, volume7
issue 4, December-2016.
[11] C.Mathiraja, Mechanical properties of concrete using
bottom ash and M.sand”, International journal of latest
trends in engineering and technology.june 2016.
[12] Pujari sainath, ponnala ramaiah, “partial replacement of
cement with fly ash and it’s compressive strength”,
International journal of research in advanced engineering
technology, vol 5, issue3 aug 2016.
[13] Thirumalai R, ananthrajan.V et al, “A Study on
performance of bottom ash in concrete”, International
journal of innovation research in science, engineering
technology, vol 5, issue4 april 2016.
[14] Swapnil samrit, piyush shrikhande, “Use of fly ash as
partial replacement of cement in concrete pavements”,
International conference on science and technology for
sustainable development 2016.
[15] Praveen Mathew, ambika K.P et al “Compressive study
on waste plastic incorporated concrete blocks with
Page | 1702 www.ijsart.com
View publication stats
