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5 Basics of OOP

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts including the basics, principles, and benefits of OOP. It compares procedure-oriented programming to OOP, explaining that OOP treats data as a critical element by tying it closely to functions and protecting it from accidental modification. The key principles of OOP - encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism - are then defined. Finally, the document outlines some benefits of OOP such as reusability, manageability of complexity, and ease of maintenance.

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Utsav Vedant
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44 views10 pages

5 Basics of OOP

This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts including the basics, principles, and benefits of OOP. It compares procedure-oriented programming to OOP, explaining that OOP treats data as a critical element by tying it closely to functions and protecting it from accidental modification. The key principles of OOP - encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism - are then defined. Finally, the document outlines some benefits of OOP such as reusability, manageability of complexity, and ease of maintenance.

Uploaded by

Utsav Vedant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming with C++

5. Basics of OOP

By: Prof. Pandav Patel

Third Semester, July 2020


Computer Engineering Department
Dharmsinh Desai University
What is Procedure-Oriented Programming?

Solution to problem is viewed as sequence to tasks
●
Functions are created to accomplish those tasks
●
Primary focus is on functions

Very little attention is given to the data and how data is manipulated by
functions
●
Many data items are placed at global level
●
Global data is prone to unintentional/accidental modification by function
●
If we want to change external data structures, we need to find all
functions which use it and need to change those functions. In larger
s/w, its not easy to find all functions which use particular data item

Does not model real world problems very well
●
Because functions are action oriented, do not really correspond to the
elements of the problem

Follows top-down approach in program design
What is Object-Oriented Programming?

Treats data as critical element
●
Does not allow data to flow freely
●
Ties data closely to the functions which can operate on it and protects it
from accidental modification from other functions
●
Emphasis is on data rather than procedure

Programs are divided into objects

Object ties together data and functions which can operate on its data

Data can not be easily modified by functions outside object (data is hidden
from outside functions)

Objects may communicate with each other using functions

Follows bottom-up approach in program design
Basic concepts of OOP

Objects
●
Runtime entities
●
Instances (variables) of class
●
May represent real world object (e.g. a person) or concept (e.g. an
account)
●
Contain data (attributes) and methods (member functions) to operate on
data
●
Interact without knowing details of each other. Only interface is known

Classes
●
User-defined data types (a.k.a. Abstract Data Types)
●
Once class is defined, multiple objects of that class can be created
●
Can be understood as collection of objects as well


Principles of OOP
●
Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism
Principles of OOP

Encapsulation
●
each object keeps its state private, other objects don’t have direct access
to this state
●
Other objects can only call a list of public functions called methods

Abstraction
●
abstraction means that each object should only expose a high-level
mechanism for using it – by other objects
●
This mechanism should hide internal implementation details
Principles of OOP

Inheritance
●
Child class derives from parent class (Reusability)
●
e.g. User - parent class Buyer and Seller – child classes of User
●
Child class reuses all fields and methods of the parent class (common
part) and can implement its own (unique part).

Polymorphism
●
Ability to take more than one form (e.g. operator and function overloading)
Benefits of OOP

Reusability of code

Software complexity can be easily managed

Division of work can be easily done based on classes

Easy maintainability

More secured programs

Programming feels closer to real world


There are many languages which support OOP concepts
●
Some languages like modern java support multiple paradigms


Today, OOP concepts are used to design most of the complex softwares
Interesting reads

A

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