Thai-German Institute

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Hydraulic Pump 

HYDRAULIC PUMP

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Hydraulic Pump 

Type of pumps 

Non-positive displacement pump  

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Hydraulic Pump 

Non-positive displacement pumps Centrifugal Pum p

used the centrifugal force applied
to the fluid being pumped.   Outlet

Inlet

Non-positive displacement pumps

find more use in lower pressure
system. 

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Hydraulic Pump 

Increasing resistance to flow

It dose not acceptable in most
at the outlet will cause the
power hydraulic system.  
flow output to decrease without
damage to the pump.

This may be desirable characteristic

in the some application.  

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Hydraulic Pump 

Type of pumps 

Non-positive displacement pump   Positive Displacement Pump  

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Hydraulic Pump 

1. As the handle is moved to the left,

a partial vacuum exists since an
increasing volume is being created.  
2. This vacuum creates unbalance pressure
condition…… 

3. so that atmospheric pressure can

push the oil into the pumping cylinder. 

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Hydraulic Pump 

Output of the pump is positive 1. Movement of handle to the right,

displacement because it is not the fluid is forced through the upper 
significantly affected by the check valve to the discharge.  
resistance to flow.

The resistance to flow will determine

the discharge pressure. 

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Hydraulic Pump 

1. A pump is one of the most important

component in any hydraulic system. 
2. It supplies the flow of hydraulic
fluid to the system.  

3. If there is no resistance, then

there is no pressure.  

4. The pump converts mechanical power 

into the hydraulic power of fluid flow.  

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Hydraulic Pump 

Positive Displacement
Hydraulic Pumps 

Fixed Displacement  Variable Displacement 

Gear   Vane  Piston  Vane  Piston 

External  Internal  Radial  Axial Bent Radial  Axial Bent

piston  Piston   Axis  piston  Piston   Axis 

Crescent seal  Gerotor Seal  

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The pumping chamber is External Gear Pump   The fluid is expelled from the
form by the gear, pump Space between the teeth as
housing, and side plate.   the gears remesh.  

 As the gear teeth unmesh a

partial vacuum created allowing
fluid into space between the teeth.  
Gear tip come in close
proximity to the pump
housing effectively sealing. 

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Hydraulic Pump 

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Internal Gear Pump  

and the meshed gear teeth.  

Volume on this side decreased

as the gear teeth mesh.  
Volume on this side increased
as the gear teeth unmesh.  

Sealing of high pressure chamber from

the pump inlet is achieved by the close
proximity of the crescent to the gear….  

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Hydraulic Pump 

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Gerotor Pump 

The inner Gerotor always has one

less tooth than the outer element.  

Volume on this side decreased

as the gear teeth mesh.  

Clearance seal between

inlet and outlet.  

Volume on this side increased

as the gear teeth unmesh.  

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Hydraulic Pump 

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Hydraulic Pump 

Unbalance Vane Pump  

The spinning of the rotor causes a

centrifugal force which pushes the
vanes out the rotor slots.

and discharge as
space decreases.  

Fluid enters as space between

ring and rotor increasees…..   Cam ring is eccentric from
the rotor and shaft centerline.  

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Since centrifugal force is usually insufficient

to overcome high pressure at the outer 
tip of the vane on the outlet side…..   This cause the pressure under 
the vane to be equal to the
pressure on the top.  

Pressurized oil is also

supplied under the vanes.

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Balance Vane Pump  

This design has opposing sets

of inlet and outlet ports.  
This prevents side loading of 
the pump shaft and bearings.  

The high forces generated at the

outlet ports cancel each other out.  

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Hydraulic Pump 

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Hydraulic Pump 

The variable vane pump

is an unbalance design,…..   Maximum flow rate 

and creates the changing displacement

by moving the cam ring.

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Then pump displacement

is decreased. 

the differential volume between

inlet and outlet is reduce . 

By moving the cam to the left,…  

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There is no flow rate.  

When the eccentric between

the cam ring and rotor is zero.  

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Hydraulic Pump 

 Axial Piston Pump 

 And pushing oil from cylinder 

In this design, the piston and cylinder  barrel to the outlet as the pistons
barrel are parallel to the drive shaft. are push back into their bores.  

The piston reciprocate in their cylinder 

When the cylinder block rotated, pulling oil bore, causing a pumping action.
from the tank as the piston are retracting….  

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Hydraulic Pump 

 Axial Piston Pump 

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Variable Axial Piston Pump 

Maximum stroke 

Maximum Flow 

When changes the angle of the swash

plate, which changes the stroke of the
piston in and out of their bores.  

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Decreased in stroke Variable Axial Piston Pump 

of the piston..  

Reduced Flow 

Displacement of the pump

decreases with a decreases
in the swash plate angle.  

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Hydraulic Pump 

So that there is no flow at Variable Axial Piston Pump 

the outlet port of the pump.  

Zero Flow 

When the angle of the swash

plate is zero then there is no
reciprocating motion of the piston.

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Hydraulic Pump 

Variable Axial Piston Pump 

Reversed Flow 

When the angle of the swash plate

changed to opposite direction, the
outlet flow will reversed in another direction.  

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Bent-Axis Piston Pump 

The reciprocating motion of the pistons in the

cylinder block is cause by an angle in the
connection from the shaft to the cylinder block.  

 And pushing oil from cylinder 

barrel to the outlet as the pistons
are push back into their bores.   When the cylinder block rotated, pulling oil
from the tank as the piston are retracting….  

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Hydraulic Pump 

1. As the angle between the cylinder 

block and drive shaft changes,   2. The piston travel in their 
respective bores changes,  

3. Increasing or decreasing the

pump displacement change.  

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1. The displacement angle is controlled

by the displacement control valve
mounted on the rear of the pump.  

2. If the displacement angle decreased,

the flow rate at the outlet port decreased too.  

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The piston moved in by some form of 

Porting in the control journal permits mechanical action and moved out by
the piston to take in fluid from the centrifugal force in the cylinder block .  
inlet as they move outward……  

 And allows the fluid to be discharge as

the pistons are forced inward.

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1. In this picture show typical radial piston pump

that has been modified for variable displacement.

4. and change piston stroke

which changes displacement.  

Displacement
control piston 

3. in that the outer cam is moved left

2. It work on the same principle or right by the displacement control to
as the variable vane pump……   change eccentricity with the cylinder block…  

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2. to the discharge side in one

revolution of the pump shaft.  

Displacement is usually expressed in

in3/rev or cc/rev 

1. Displacement is a theoretical volume

of oil that is transfer from inlet side….  

DISPLACEMENT 

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Pressure rating is the maximum

pressure that should be encountered
at the pump discharge port.  

This rating is specified by the

manufacturer base upon reasonable
service life expectancy.  

Pressure Rating 

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1. If the size of this 2. It should deliver 20 in 3 of oil for 

pump is 20 in3/rev.  each revolution of its input shaft.

4. This leakage fluid flows back to the

suction side or the housing of the pump  

3. In reality the actual pump output flow rate is

reduce in form of leakage as pressure increases
across the clearance fits of the pump.  

Volumetric Efficiency 
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2. But the actual flow rate at the outlet port
of this pump is 98 gallons per minute.
98 GPM x100 = 90.74%
108 GPM 

 Actual Flow x100 = Volumetric Efficiency

Theoretical Flow 

1.If the theoretical flow of the 20 in 3/rev

pump is 108 gallons per minute at 1250 rpm. Volumetric Efficiency 
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Leakage in hydraulic pump  Case drain

port 
1. Leakage between cylinder 
block and valve plate  

3. Leakage between sliding shoe

and swash plate  

2. Leakage between cylinder 

block and piston  
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1. In the piston pump pressurized oil which 3. The leakage oil back to tank
leaks past the clearance fits of the piston,….. through a separate drain line.

2. running clearance between

valve plate and cylinder barrel,
collect in the case of the pump.  

Case Drain Connection  

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1. In general, the leakage oil provides

a second function in that it lubricates
bearing and other moving parts in the pump.  

2.For this reason it is imperative that the housing

be filled with oil prior to start the pump,…..

3. And the drain port be oriented upward to

assure a permanently oil filled housing.  

4. The excessive pressure in the case drain

Remember: Case drain pressure should line, cause the oil seal to damaged.  
not higher than 5 to 15 psig. 

Case Drain Connection  

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