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73 views17 pagesMotion in Plane + Circular Motion
Uploaded by
Nayan BeraCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 17
Motion in a Plane
1 eee te
(PROJECTILE)
1. A projectile is an object which is p
intitial velocity making an angle with the hor
2. As a matter of fact its.rhotion is the resultant of a horizontal motion
with constant velocity andthe vertical motion with a constant 2c celeration
(acceleration due to gravity). If air resistance is negligibee, then the path
traced by it is a parabola.
3. In case of such motion, the horizontal velocity remains constant
throughout its motion.
4. At maximum height, therefore, it possess both momentum and
K.E.
5. Time of accent (Tq): It is the time taken to reach the
maximum height.
uy =u sine
Ve oe
: t pu.
using |
Tz 2 a
Soe ke
mM
Ups Klose
<— RANGEZR —»
6. Time of decent (Tq) : It is the time taken to reach the ground
from maximum height
Ta = Ta lif resistance is negligible].
7. Time of Might (Ty) : J is the total time taken to reach from
ground to ground,
2u sino
=
8. Maximum Height (H) : It is the maximum vertical distance
travelled. .
$. Horizontal Range (R)°: It is the total horizontal distance
travelled in total time of flight.
R = H2 2sino cosce _u? sine.
g 8 Mo‘, a ina Plane 67
10. Maximum Horizontal Range
maximum, when angle of projection a
:
Horizontal range is
Rina =
8
11. For two different angle of projection (o and Q), the horizontal
me for a given velocity of porjection, if
8+a=90", or, @=(90°-a)
EXAMPLES
1. A projectile is projected at an angles of 30° from the horizontal with a
velocity of 98 m/sec. Calculate (a) time to reach the maximum height,
(b) maximum height, (c) Time of flight (d) Horizontal range.
Ans. (a) 5 sec, (b) 122-5 metre, (c) 10 sec, (d) 490V3 metre
(a) We have time of accent
ext
te sino ae
7 oy = see.
(b) Maximum Height
1
aay 98x 98x 4
usin? 4_980_
Ha agen ee 1225 mete
(©) Time of flight
Ty = USING _ 10 sec,
8
@ Horizontal Range.
Raw sin2a _ 2
ing. Cosa
8 &
2x98x 9x by B
=———..—_—— = 49013 metres.
98
2. A cricketer throws a ball with a velocity of 60 m/sec. at an angle of
60°. He then runs. to catch the same ball. What should be his
minimum velocity so that he may catch the ball before it striks the
ground.
Aus. 30 m/sec.
The minimum horizontal speed of the cricketer.
2
uy =u cosa = 60 30 msec. 68
3.
a
Numericals in Physics
‘A man can throw a ball to a maximum horizontal distance of 100 my
then what would be maximum vertical distance upto which he cay
throw the ball assuming the ball to have same initial velocity.
Ans, 50 metre.
ie tall
fa 00
Here, Ra =p = 100; Hmax= 59" 79 = 50 metre
. Aman can throw a ball to a maximum vertical distance of 200 metre:
then what would be the maximum horizontal distance upto which he
can throw the ball, assuming the ball to have same initial velocity,
Ans. 400 metre.
‘What should be the angle of projection from horizontal, so that a
body may cover (1) Maximum vertical distance and (2) Maximum
horizontal distance.
Ams. (1) 90°, (2) 45°.
. What should be the angle of projection so that, (1) horizontal range cf
a projectile is equal to its maximum vertical height, (2) Explaine does
this angle depend upon the velocity of projection.
Ans. (1) tan~! (4); (2) No.
2 sinc 2 sin 20.
Here, R =247Sinovcoste oa Ho ‘ia
8
2u? sino coset. 5
Hence, ~SSose. -
g 28
tana=4 0. a stan“! (4)
If the maximum height attained by a projectile is equal to the
maximum horizontal range of another projectile then what will be the
ratio of their velocity of projection.
Ans. V2: 1
. A body is projected at an angle of 30° from horizontal, what should be
the other angle of projection for which the horizontal range will be
same.
Ans. 60°
The horizontal range will be same for two different angles of
projection, if
a+0=90° o=90°-8. 10-
12.
14.
« A ball is projected in order to cover maximum horizontal rang:
Motion in a Plane 69
Jn the above question, if Hy and H) are the maximum vertical distance
-covered in the two cases, then what is the relation between Range, Hy
and Hy.
Ans. R= 4 VH, He
It is observed that for two different angles of projection the horizontal
range is same. If the maximum vertical distantces covered in the two
cases are respectively 36 and 25 metre, then calculate the horizontal
range.
Ans. 120 metres.
. A man can jump a maximum horizontal distance of 2m, then with
what minimum velocity he should run horizontally along the road in
order to cover the same distance in same time.
Ans. 3-13. m/sec.
Rmax = Wg: w= V2g
Horizontal velocity = u cosce = V2g -x cos 45°
A projectile is projected at an angle of 60°, if its time of fizht is 16
sec, calculate its horizontal range.
Ans. 724-2 metres. We can prove that,
1? gP _9-R x 16 x 16
oR anc. 2x V3
tana = = 724-2 m.
e. In this
ve tnd:
case what will be the ratio of its maximum horizontal
maximum vertical height ?
Ans. 4:1.
Here, angle of projection @ = 45°
we
fg Ba =
A projectile is thrown making a certain angle with the horizontal. 1
its time of accent is four second, then calculate the maximunt vertical
distance covered by it.
Ans, 78-4 metic.
Hence, Hay =
= 5 X OSS Ax 4 = TH metre
question, if the time of flight is equal to ® second then
te the mavunum vertical distance covers
An. 78-4 mere.
Ty)? .
deds (%) =q5 yt BRO8x8 B=78 -m
2 710 Numericats in Physic:
16. A projectile is projected at an angle of 60° from the horizontal, Ay
maximum height does it possess (1) Velocity (2) K. pg,
(3) Momentum.
Ans. (I) yes. (2) yes. (3) yes
17. A projectile is projected at an angie of 60° from the horizontal,
Calculate its K. E. at maximum height, if its initial K. E. is E.
Ans. E/4.
Velocity at maximum height: Vy =u coset.
Initial K. B= hme
A el
K.E. at maximum height Ey = 3 Vi?
5 Muercos?o
2 5
E, = E cos*a| = E/4.
18. Inthe above question calculate its momentum at maximum height, if
its initial Momentum is ‘M’.
Ans. M/2.
Initial Momentum, M = mu
Momentum at maximum height, My = Vx = mu cosoe
M, = Mcosa] =
2
19. In the above question, calculate the P. E. of the projectiie at the
maximum height.
3E
4
Ans. 7+
20. A bullet is fired horizontally at an object P from B. The object P starts
falling the moment the bullet is fired. Prove that the bullet will hit the
object.
Let the bullet hits the object P at C. Let it
Pp B happens in time ft.
For the bullet, since its vertical velocity is
zero, hence
=PCat op
H=PC=> gi
For the object, its initial velocity is also
zero. therefore distance travelled in time /,
1
ath i?
PC = 5 gr.
Hence, in time ‘1 the object and bullet both will be at C, therefore it
will hit the object P at C. |
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
27,
28,
29.
Motion in a Plane n
An aeroplane is flying a horizontally at a height of 400 metre with
velocity of 1000 m/sec. A packet is dropped from it so as to reach a
man standing on the ground. At what distance from the man should the
packet be dropped (take g = 10nv/sec?)
Ans. 8953-2 metre.
‘The distnace between the man and the packet at release
| 2H 2 x (1000)? x 400
aN THN 9 t (400)? = 8953-2
metre.
A body of mass m is projected at an angle of 45° from horizontal.
Calculat .2e change in momentum from its departure and arrival
positior: in a vertical direction, neglect air resistance.
Ans. V2mu.
A projectile is projected making an angle 60° with horizontal with a
velocity of 147 m/sec. Calculate the time after which its inclination
with horizontal will be 45°.
Ans. 5-49 sec.
a projectile is projected at an angle of 15° from horizontal. Its
horizontal range is found to be 3-5 metre. What would be its range if it
is projected at an angle of 45° from the horizontal ?
Ans. 7 metre.
. Two projectiles are projected with same initial velocity making an
angle & and (90 — ox) with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum
vertical height will be equal to how much ?
Ans. sin*a/cos?a.
A projectile is projected into air. If its range is 200 metres and its time
of flight is 5 sec, then calculate the angle of projection: (¢ =
10m/sec?.)
Ans, tan ~! (5/8),
An aeroplane is flying at a height of 1969 metre in a horis nts.
direction with a velocity of 100 m/sec, when it is vertically above an
object M on the ground it drops a bomb. If the bonb reaches the
ground at the point N, then calculte the time iaken by the bomb te
reach the ground and also find the distance MN.
Ans. 20 seconds; 2000 metres.
A projectile is projected with an initial velocity of Goes
ms~! then calculate its horizontal range.
Ans. 9-7 metre.
In the above question calculate th: (1) maximum height and (2) Tune
of flight
Ans, (1) 3-2 metre, 1-6 sec.
Q
i
a Circular Motion
eee
1. Uniform Circular Motion : A motion in which a particle
moves in acircle with a constant speed. Itis a case of accelerated motion,
2. Centripetal Acceleration : In order to maintain such motion an
acceleration acts: at right angle to
the direction of velocity. This
acceleration is called centripetal
acceleration, and it acts along the
radius towards the centre of the
0
J >
: circle.
» vy
Centripetal acceleration
3. Centripetal force : It is the force directed towards the centre. Its
magnitude
mv?
= = mro
r
4. A particle moving in a circle with variable velocity has tangential as
well as centripetal acceleration.
5: dy sat
(a) The tangential acceleration, fy = 4 » where v is the instantaneous
speed.
v2
(b) Centripetal acceleration, f=" *
(c) The magnitude of the instantaneous acceleration is given by
LeNiP +h
(d) The tangential force = m #
(e) The centripetal force =m ;
5. Motion of cyclist on a circular path : In order to maintait
the motion the cyclist bends himself through an angle O from the vertical
2
where, tan ="—
8 7
Circular Motion 73
6. Banking of Railway lines and Roads : The outer rail is
a little above the inner one which is towards the centre of the
ised f ich
curvature of the railway track or road. This is known as banking of railway
F an v2
fines, the angle of banking 0 is given by tan6 ae
7, Motion along a vertical circle :
(a) Atany point B, we have
mv?
T- mgcosa =~
(b) At the bottom,
a=0" cose
TT) -m,
my
2
or, Tho ome
Where v) is the velocity at the bottom and T, is the tension
(c) Atthe top, @ = 180". cosa =—1 ‘
mv?
T, +mg=
or, Ty =mv?ir—mg
Where T; and v; are the tension and velocity at the top position.
(d) In order to maintain the circular motion, the minimem speed at the
top is
v, =Vrg and T,=0
and, (e) minimum speed at the bottom is
V2 =V5rg, and T; =6 mg.
(f), At C, when o = 90°, we have cosa = 0
2
_ mv
er
Solving we get, ve=V3rg and T;=3mg
EXAMPLES
1. A wheel of radius 2 metre is making 60 revolutions per minute then
calculate the linear velocity of a point on rim.
Ans. 12-5 m/sec.
© = 2nn =2nx st = 2m radiansee.
Also, v = r@ = 2 x 2n = 12-5 msec. 74 Numericals in Physics
2. Calculate the linear velocity of the tip of a seconds switch of engi,
0-02 metre.
Ans, 2:1 x 103 misec.
3. A gramophone is making 60 revolutions per minute. A coin of mass
12 gm is placed at a distance of 10 cm from its centre. Calculate the
centripeteal force acting on the coin.
Ans, 0-047 newton
2 2
my? _ m (or) “J 3
Centripetal force =~ = = mtr =m (2nn)?r
60
= 4n2x “(Hy 7p 7 0047 newton.
4. A body of mass 1-5 kg is making 2 revolution per second in a circle of
radius 0-25m. Calculate (1) linear velocity (2) centripetal acceleration
(3) centripetal force.
Ans, (1) 3-14 m/sec. (2) 39-5 m/sec’, (3) 59-2 N.
5. The electron in the H; atom is making-6 x 10!5 revolution persee,
calculate the centripetal force if the radius of the circular path is
OS3A.
Ans. 68 x 10-8 newton.
6. A body of mass 0:5 kg is rotated ina horizontal circle of radius 80 cm,
calculate the dension if the body is making 5 revolution per sec.
Ans, 394-7 N a ;
morr
7. Mis observed that a string of length 8 metre breaks under a load of
515-64 ky. It this string is rotafed in w horizontal plane with a body-of
mass 4 ky -Hached to its one end, then calculate the maximum number
of revolute per see which this body ein do without breaking, the
string
Ans. 2
Leta be the massun no. of revolution per see, then
my?
Maxumune cision, Ting, = = mrs mn [2m Pr
,
Tinay
0 ee =
tem 10.
11.
12.
14.
15.
Circula: Motion 15
An object of mass 10 kg is rotated in a horizontal plane by means of a
string of length 4 metre. Calculate the centripetal force, if the object is
rotated with a constant speed of 6 m/sec,
Ans. 90 N.
In the above question, what will be the centripetal force, if velocity is
increased 2 times and radius is halved.
Ans. 720 N (increases eight times).
Is it correct to say that a body in circular motion is in equlilibrium ?
Ans. No.
If a spirit level is rotated in a horizontal plane with tne help of a
string, then where the bubble will lie ?
Ans. At the inner edge.
In uniform circular motion, calculate the work done.
Ans. Zero.
Calculate the power required to maintain the uniform circular motion.
Ans. Zero.
A circular disc is rotating in a horizontal plane with a time period of
sec. At what distanc in of mass 10
gm may be kept so coin may
remain stationary; ihe °* ‘ficient of A
friction is 0-52.
Ans. 1-274 metre.
The centripetal force; F =
ime
ar
pe te
ots
he
Outi ow 1.274 metre.
An object is moving in 9 avrizontal circle of radius 600 metre. If the
speed is increasing at “xe rate of 8 m/sec, then calculate the
acceleration of the particle when its speed is 60 m/sec.
Ans. 10 m/sec?.; [acceleration = Vi + f,71- SN
6 ‘Numericals in Physics
16. A chain having 125 links is 125 em long. Its mass is 2 kg. Its ty.
ends are connected and the chain is rotated with a frequency 59
revolution per second. Calculate the centripetal force on each link,
Ans. 100m newtons. [F=m' wr).
‘A body of mass 0-5 kg is attached to massless spring of Spring
constant 100 Nim whose other end is fixed. The length of the spring ig
0-5 metre. If the body is rotated in a horizontal plane with angular
speed rad/sec, then calculate the elongatio: produced in the spring,
17.
Ans. 0-01 metre.
: morL
Hint 31 = 77
‘A rond of width 20 metre forms an arc of radius 15 metre, Its outer
edge is 2 metre higher than its inner edge. Calculate for what velocity
the road is banked.
Ans.'14.7 m/sec. a
tan@ =—
LA + veNrgtand
2
2 2 for small angle, tan = sind = 3,
i
fe VEN ISxX98x a = V 14-7 m/sec.
19. A cyclist goes round a circular path of circumference 34-3 metre in V22
seconds. Calculate the angle through which the cyclist has to bent
from vertical in order to maintain the balance.
Ans. 45°.
343
Yn
2 34-3 x 34-3 x 2m °
=" el 4.5
See seas Ge
20. A cyclist is moving with velocity of 9-8 m/sec around a circular path
of radius 17 metre. At what angle he should bent himself from the
venital in order to maintain the balance ?
Ang. 30°.
A Scooterist is going round a circular path of radius 15 metre with a
Velocity of 18 km/h. At what angte he should bent himself from the
venical so thet he cen ineintain his balance,
Ans. @ = ton! (1/6).
Here, speed of the cyclis msec, and r= 33 ewe 22.
23.
24.
25.
26
27,
Circular Motion 7
A sccoterist goes round a circular path of length 400 metre in 20
Second. Calculate the angle through which he bends from vertical in
order to maintain the balance.
Ans. @ = tan”! (0-64)
Acar whose wheels are 1-5 metre apart has its C. G. 0-75 metre above
the ground, Calculate the maximum speed at which it can go round an
unbanked curve of radius 20 metre.
‘Ans. 14 misec.
Let, A = the height of the C. G.
and 2d = distance between the wheels
my? red
mv ch=mgxd
5 xh=mg or, i
20 x9-8 x 0-7:
or, v2 =20%9:8X0-75 14 misec.
0-75
Calculate the maximum speed with which a car can take a turn on an
unbanked curve of radius 15 m if the coefficient of friction between the
road and tyres is 0-32.
Ans. 6-85 m/sec.
- IR = ng
Vurg = ¥0-32 x 15 x9-8 = 6-85 misec.
Calculate the smallest radius of the unbanked road over which a car can
trurn with a speed of 9-8 mysec; if the coefficient of friction between
the road and tyres is 0-2.
Ans. 49 m. <
There is a bridge in the form of an arc of radius 15 metre. Calculate the
maximum speed of a car at the highest point of the bridee so that fhe
car does not leave the ground.
Ans, 12-12 m/sec.
vaVrg=V15 x 9-8 = 12-12 msec.
A pilot is pulling out of a dive at a speed 200 m/sec. If his path is a
vertical circle of radivs 1000 metres, then calculate the total force
which his body experiences due to the air at the lowest point, if his
mass is 60 kg.
Ans, 2988 N (upward).
If F be the upward force then
2 z
F- Mg = ME, or, -ME Me
F 60 x 200 x 200
-8 = 2988 N.
1000 + 60X98 B Numericais in Physics
28. In the above question, if the pilot experiences an upward force 1009
kg, then what would be the rad..1s ?
Ans. 260-5 metre.
Mv?
Mg
60x 200x200 _
or, T= 7900 & 9-8 — 60 x 9-8 = 2005 metre.
29. A body of mass 10 kg. is moved in a vertical circle. When the body ig
at B, then calculate its tangentia,
acceleration; [g = 10m/sec?)
“Ans. Sm/sec?,
30. A bucket full of water is attached to a string of length 9-8 metre. The
bucket is moved in a vertical circle with one end of the string as its
centre. Calculate the minimum speed at the top if water does not fall
from the bucket,
Ans. 9-8 m/sec.
Here the minimum velocity at the top = Vig
41. A sphere of mass 1 kg is tied to a string of length 10 metre. The sphere
is rotated in vertical circle with
‘one end of the string as its centre.
At the lowest position the velocity
of the sphere is 80 m/sec.
Calculate the tension in the string
(1) at the lowest point (2) at the
same level as the centre (3) at the
highest point.
‘Ans. (i) 649-8 N- (ii) 62031 N
(iii) 590.98 N
(1) Atany point B
2
T- mgcosd =" 32.
Es
34,
Circular Motion 79
2
—-—
T= + mgcosd
At the lowest point; v = 80 m/sec, 6 = 0°
mvp? 1x 80
Tp=— > + mg = x80 19.8 = 649.8N
r 10
(2) At the point C, 8=90" ~. cos@=0
mv?
. 1
m conservation of energy, 5 mv,? + mgr = 1 mvp? +0
fror 2 2d
Ve = 78-76 m/sec... Te = 620-31 N.
mvy?
(3) At the point A; T, =~“ ~ mg.
Solving, we get va=77:'51_ .. Ta, = 590-98 N.
In the above question if the sphere is given a velocity of 20 m/sec at
the lowest point, then it will be able to complete its motion on the
circle.
Ans. No; The minimum velocity required at the lowest point is
=V5rg=V5 x 10x 9-8 = 22-13 m/sec.
which is greater than the velocity (20 m/sec) given at the lowest point.
A sphere of mass 10 kg is attached to a string of length 9-8 metre and
is rotated in a vertical circle. Calculate its minimum speed at the (1)
top, and (2) at the bottom (3) at the same level as the centre so that it
may complete its rotation on the circle.
Ans. (1) 9-8 m/sec. (2) 21-91 m/sec. (3) 16-97 m/sec.
A bucket full of water is attached to one end of a string of length 10
metre. It is moved round in a vertical circle with the other « «! of the
String as centre. Calculate the minimum no of revolution p: minute
so that the water may not fall from the bucket.
Ans. The mi
imum velocity required is
v=Vre or, =rg
@? = rg or, (2nn)? = g/r
n ag Ver 80 Numericals in Physics
35. In the given figure, from what minimum height a small body of mags
A
m should slide so that it may
take a turn on a vertical loop of
radius 4 m at C, (the surface ig
smooth).
Ans, 10 metre.
36. A-small sphere of mass m can slide over a frictionless vertical citcle of
A
c
Ves
B
ij
radius r. If the sphere is given a
velocity equal to Vrg atc
along the downward tangent as
shown, then will it be able to
just reach the highest point of
the circle.
Ans, No.
37. A small sphereof mass m is kept at A on a hemisphere of radius r. If it
A
°
is slightly displaced then where it
will leave the surface which is
smooth:
Ans, At a ht. 2 above the centre.
38. A wire is bent in form of an arc of radius R, A. small body is placed
on it which can move along it without
friction.Calculate, what horizontal
velocity may be given to the body at C
so that it may reach again at the point
N after flying a certain distance through
the air
Ans. \f re (
