CHEMISTRY

DSC-3: Analytical and Organic Chemistry-II

Contact Hours: 56 Work load: 4 Hours/Week.
Credit Points: 4
Evaluation: Continuous
Internal Assessment- 40 Marks
Semester End Examination - 60 Marks
Course Objectives:
1) Interrelationship among frequency, wavelength and wave number and importance
of validation parameters of an instrumental method will be taught
2) Principle, instrumentation and applications of spectrophotometry, nephelometry and
turbidometry will be taught
3) Fundamentals of separation methods and principles of paper, thin layer and column
chromatography will be taught
4) Principle, types and applications of solvent extraction will be taught
5) Principle and mechanism of ion-exchange, types of resins and domestic and
industrial applications of ion-exchange chromatography will be taught
6) The concept of mechanism and its importance will be taught to the student
7) Concept and importance of intermediates in organic chemistry will be taught taking
proper examples
8) The various techniques for identification of reaction mechanism will be taught to
thestudent taking proper examples
9) Concept of stereochemistry and its importance will be taught.
10) The various projection formulae and the techniques of designating the molecules
into R, S, D, L will be taught taking proper examples
11) The theory and concept of Cis-, Trans- isomerism and its importance and
the techniques to differentiate between them will be taught taking
examples
Course Specific Outcomes
After the completion of this course, the student would be able to

1) Understand the importance of fundamental law and validation

parameters inchemical analysis
2) Know how different analytes in different matrices (water and real samples) can
be determined by spectrophotometric, nephelometric and turbidometric
methods.

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3) Understand the requirement for chemical analysis by paper, thin layer and column
chromatography.
4) Apply solvent extraction method for quantitative determination of metal ions in
different samples
5) Utilize the ion-exchange chromatography for domestic and industrialapplications
6) Explain mechanism for a given reaction.
7) Predict the probable mechanism for an reaction. Explain the importance
of reaction intermediates, its role and techniques of generating such
intermediates
8) Explain the importance of Stereochemistry in predicting the structure and
propertyof organic molecules.
9) Predict the configuration of an organic molecule and able to designate it.
10) Identify the chiral molecules and predict its actual configuration

Unit-I
Quantitataive analysis-Instrumental methods

Electromagnetic spectrum, absorption of electromagnetic radiation, Definition and

units of frequency, wavelength, wave number, Beer’s law, Beer-Lambert law
derivation, deviations from Beer’s law, limitations, construction of calibration graph
(Plot of absorbance versus concentration), Evaluation Procedures- standard addition,
Internal standard addition, validation parameters-detection limits, sensitivity,
dynamic/linearity range, Instrumentation, single beam and double beam
spectrophotometers, quantitative applications of colorimetry (determination of Fe,
Mo, Cu, Ti and PO43-) and numericalproblems on application of Beer’s law. 10 hrs

Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Introduction, principle, instrumentations of

nephelometry and turbidimetry; effects of concentration, particle size and wavelength
on scattering; choice between nephelometry, applications of nephelometry and
turbidimetry (determination of S042- and PO43-) 04 hrs

Unit-II
Separation methods

Fundamentals of chromatography: General description, definition, terms and

parameters used in chromatography, classification of chromatographic methods, criteria
for selection of stationary and mobile phase and nature of adsorbents. Principles of
paper, thin layer, column chromatography. Column efficiency, factors affecting the
column efficiency, van Deemter’s equation and its modern version. 03hrs

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Paper chromatography: Theory and applications
Thin layer chromatography (TLC): Mechanism, Rf value, efficiency of TLC plates,
methodology–selection of stationary and mobile phases, development, spray reagents,
identification and detection, qualitative applications. 04 hrs
Solvent Extraction: Types- batch, continous, efficiency, selectivity, distribution
coefficient, Nernst distribution law, derivation, factors affecting the partition,
relationship between % extraction and volume fraction, Numerical problems on solvent
extraction. Solvent extraction of iron and copper. 04hrs
Ion exchange chromatography: resins, types with examples- cation exchange and anion
exchange resins, mechanism of cation and anion exchange process and applications of
ion- exchange chromatography (softening of hard water, separation of lanthanides,
industrial applications). 03Hrs
Unit-III
Reaction Intermediates: Generation, Stability and Reactions of,

i) Carbocations: Dienone-phenol; and Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement.

ii) Carbanions: Perkin Reaction, Aldolcondensation, Claisen-Schmitd condensation.
iii) Free Radicals: Sandmeyer Reaction
iv) Carbenes and Nitrenes: Singlet and Triplet states, their relative stability
andreactions
v) A
rynes: 08 hrs
Methods for Identifying Reaction Mechanism: Product analysis, Isolation and
Identification Of Intermediates, Stereochemical Evidences, Effect of Catalyst, crossover
Experiments, Isotopic studies, Kinetic Studies. 06 hrs

Unit-IV
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds:
Introduction: Fischer projection,Newmann and Sawhorse projection formulae and
their inter conversions.
Geometrical isomerism: Cis-trans and syn-anti isomerism, E/Z notations with C.I.P
rules. Optical Isomerism: elements of symmetry, Optical activity, Specific rotation,
Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral centres,
Diasteroisomers, meso structures, Racemic mixtures and Resolution, Relative and
absolute configuration, D/L and R/S designations. 14 hrs
References :

1) Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, Holler and Crouch,
8thedition, Saunders College Publishing, New York (2005).
2) Analytical Chemistry, G.D. Christian, 6th edition, Wiley-India (2007).

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 3) Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day and A.L. Underwood, 6th edition, PHI Learning
Pvt Ltd. NewDelhi(2009).
4) Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J. Mendham, R.C. Denney,
J.D. Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas, 6th edition, Third Indian Reprint, Pearson
EducationPvt. Ltd.(2007).
5) Organic Reaction Mechanism by V.K. Ahluwalia and R.K. Parashar (Narosa Publishers)
6) Organic Chemistry by S.M. Mukherji,S.P.Sinh and R.K. Kapoor (Narosa Publishers)
7) Morrison R.N and Boyd R.N, Organic Chemistry, DarlingKindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education)
8) Finar I.L, Organic Chemistry (Volume I); Finar I.L (Volume II) Stereochemistry
and the Chemistry of Natural Products., Darling Kindersley (India) Pvt.Ltd.
(Pearson Education)
9) Kalsi P.S. Stereochemistry, conformation and Mechanism, New age International
10) Eliel E.L and wilenS.H, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley,(London)

PRACTICALS
Credit Points: 2 Teaching Hours:4 hrs
Evaluation : Continuous
Internal Assessment- 20 marks
Semester End Examination: 30 marks

Course Objectives
1) To impart skills related to preparation of stock and working solutions and handling
of instrumental methods
2) To know the principle of colorimetric analysis and construction of calibration plot
3) To understand the chemistry involved in colorimetric determination of metal ions
and anions
4) To determine Rf values of different metal ions present in a mixture
5) To impart knowledge on the importance of functional groups in organic compounds.
6) Techniques to identify the functional groups in an compound by performing physical
and chemical tests
7) To record its melting point/boiling point.
8) To prepare suitable derivative for that compound and to characterize it.

Course Specific outcomes

After the completion of this course, the student would be able to
1) Understand the importance of instrumental methods for quantitative applications

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2) Apply colorimetric methods for accurate determination of metal ions and anions in
wateror real samples
3) Understand how functional groups in an compound is responsible for its
characteristicproperty
4) Learn the importance of qualitative tests in identifying functional groups.

5) Learn how to prepare a derivative for particular functional groups and how to purify it’

PART-A (Analytical Chemistry)

1) Colorimetric determination of copper using ammonia solution
2) Colorimetric determination of iron using thiocyanate solution
3) Colorimetric determination of nickel using DMG solution
4) Colorimetric determination of titanium using hydrogen peroxide
5) Colorimetric determination of nitrite in a water sample (diazo coupling Reaction/
Griessreagent
6) Colorimetric determination of phosphate as ammonium phosphomolybdate
7) Determination of Rf values of two or three component systems by TLC
8) Separation of different metal ions by paper chromatography/ Solvent extraction of
ironusing oxine solution (demonstration)
(At least six experiments should be carried out)

PART-B (Organic Chemistry)

Qualitative analysis of bifunctional Organic compounds such as 1)Salycilic acid, p-Nitro
benzoic acid, Antranilic acid, p-Chloro benzoic acid 2) o-Cresol, p-Cresol, Resorcinol, o-
Nitrophenol, p-nitophenol 3) o-Nitro aniline, p-Nitroaniline, p-Toluidine, p-Chloro
aniline, p-Bromoaniline, 4) Ethyl Salicylate, Salicylaldehyde, Actophenone, p-
Dichlorobenzene, p-Nitro toluene, Benzamide etc. (Atleast 6-8 compounds to be
analysed in a semester)

References
1) Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J. Mendham, R.C. Denney,
J.D.Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas, 6th edition, Third Indian Reprint, Pearson Education
Pvt.Ltd.(2007)
2) Vogels Text Book of Qualitative Chemical Analysis,ELBS

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 CHEMISTRY
DSC-4: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry-II
Contact Hours: 56 Work load: 4 Hours/Week.
Credit Points :4
Evaluation: Continuous
Internal Assessment- 40 Marks
Semester End Examination - 60 Marks
Course Objectives:

Students learn about

1. Different types of bonding in molecules/compounds/ions

2. The structures of molecules/compounds/ions based on different
models/ theories
3. Properties of compounds based on bonding and structure
4. The fundamentals of thermodynamics including the laws, the concept of entropy
and free energy functions and their applications.
5. The concepts of surface chemistry, catalysis and their applications.
6. The theoretical and experimental aspects of chemical kinetics including basic
theories of reaction rates and methods of determining order.
7. Electrochemistry dealing with electrolytes in solution. Conductance measurements
and applications. Concept of ionic mobility and theirdetermination.

Course outcomes: After the completion of this course, the student would be able to

1. Predict the nature of the bond formed between different elements

2. Identify the possible type of arrangements of ions in ionic compounds
3. Write Born - Haber cycle for different ionic compounds
4. Relate different energy parameters like, lattice energy, entropy, enthalpy and
solvation energy in the dissolution of ionic solids
5. Explain covalent nature in ionic compounds
6. Write the M.O. energy diagrams for simple molecules
7. Differentiate bonding in metals from their compounds
8. Learn important laws of thermodynamics and their applications to various
thermodynamic systems
9. Understand adsorption processes and their mechanisms and the function and
purpose of a catalyst

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10. Apply adsorption as a versatile method for waste water purification.
11. Understand the concept of rate of a chemical reaction, integrated rate equations,
energy of activation and determination of order of a reaction based on
experimental data
12. Know different types of electrolytes, usefulness of conductance and ionic mobility
measurements
13. Determine the transport numbers

Unit - I
Structure and Bonding -I
The ionic bond: Structures of ionic solids, Radius ratio rules, Calculation of some limiting
radius ratio values, Coordination number 3 (planar triangle), Coordination number 4
(tetrahedral and square planar), Coordination number 6 (octahedral), Close packing.
03hrs
Classification of ionic structures:
Ionic compounds of the type AX (ZnS, NaCl, CsCI)
Ionic compounds of the type AX2 (Calcium fluoride (fluorite) and Rutile structure Layer
structures CdI2, Cadmium iodide structure Limitations of radius ratio concept. 02 hrs
Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, Derivation of Born-Lande equation and its
drawbacks, Kapustinskii equation, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids,
polarizing power and polarizability, Fajan’s rules with applications. Numerical problems
05 hrs
Covalent bond: The Lewis theory, The octet rule, Exceptions to the octet rule, Sidgwick-
Powell theory. Valence bond theory and its Limitations, Valence shell electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) theory, Effect of lone pairs, electronegativity, isoelectronic principle,
Examples using VSEPR theory: BF3 and BF4-, NH3and NH4+, H2O, PCl5, CIF3, SF4, I3-
and I3+, SF6, and IF7. Limitations of VSEPR. 04 hrs

Unit - II

Structure and Bonding -II

Concept of resonance, resonance energy, hybridisation, types of hybridization, sp, sp2,
sp3 dsp2 dsp3, d2sp3, sp3d2 with one example each, and energetics of hybridization.
Bent's rule. 03 hrs
Molecular Orbital theory:
LCAO concept: s-s, s-p, p-p, p-d and d-d combinations of orbitals, bonding, nonbonding
and antibonding molecular orbitals, non-bonding combinations of orbitals, Rules for
linear combination of atomic orbitals

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Examples of molecular orbital treatment for homonuclear diatomic molecules H2
Molecule, H2+ , He2 molecule, He2+ molecule ion, Li2 molecule, Be2 molecule B2 molecule,
C2 molecule, N2 molecule, N2+, O2 molecule, O2- and O22- .
M.O. energy diagrams of heteronuclear diatomic molecules with examples (NO, NO+,
CO and HCl). Calculation of bond order, relationship between bond order, bond energy
and bond length, magnetic properties based on MOT. 07 hrs
Metallic Bonding:
General properties of metals: Conductivity, Lustre, Malleability and cohesive force
Crystal structures of metals and Bond lengths
Theories of bonding in metals:
Free electron theory, Valence bond theory, Band theory of solids Prediction of
conducting properties of conductors. insulators and semiconductors, extrinsic and
intrinsic semiconductors using Band theory. 04 hrs

UNIT III

First Law of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic Processes, Reversible and Irreversible Processes, Nature of Heat and
Work, Internal Energy, First Law of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy of a System, Work done
in isothermal and adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, Numerical problems, Joule -
Thomson Expansion, Relation between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other
thermodynamic parameters. 03 hrs

Second law of Thermodynamics

Concept of entropy, thermodynamic scale of temperature, Statements of the Second
Law of Thermodynamics, molecular and statistical interpretation of entropy, Calculation
of entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes, Free Energy Functions:
Gibbs and Helmholtz energy, Variation of S, G, A with T, V and P, Numerical problems,
Free energy change and spontaneity, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. 03 hrs

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Statement of third law, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of
molecules. 02 Hrs

Surface Chemistry
Adsorption
Types of adsorption isotherms. Freundlich adsorption isotherm (only equation), its
limitations. Langmuir adsorption isotherm (derivation to be done) and BET equation
(derivation not included). 02 Hrs

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Catalysis

Types of Catalysis and theories with examples (intermediate compound theory and
adsorption theory), Theory of acid base catalysis, Michaelis- Menten mechanism.
Heterogeneous catalysis: surface reactions, unimolecular, bimolecular surface
reactions. Autocatalysis with examples. Applications: Design process to removal of toxic
compounds from industrial wastewater and treatment of portable water requirements.
04 Hrs

UNIT IV
Chemical Kinetics
Differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions,
Derivation of expression of rate constant of second order reaction (a=b and a ≠ b),
Problems on rate constant (a=b), Methods of determination of order of a reaction,
temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation, activation energy,
Numerical problems on Arrhenius equation in calculating energy of activation and rate
constants. Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann’s mechanism, qualitative
treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates. Experimental determination of
kinetics of (i) inversion of cane sugar by polarimetric method (ii) spectrophotometric
method for the reaction between potassium persulphate and potassium iodide. 07 Hrs

Electrochemistry – I

Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Merits and Demerits, Conductance,

Specific conductance, equivalent and molar conductance and their variation with
dilution. Molar conductivity at infinite dilution. Numerical problems.

Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions and its applications, Debye-huckel

limiting law or strong electrolytes (No derivation), Debye-Hückel- Onsager equation.
Ionic mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their relation to
ionic mobility’s, determination of transport numbers using Hittorff’s and Moving
Boundary methods.

Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation of weak

electrolytes (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of sparingly
soluble salts (iv) conductometric titrations (acid base titrations only) and (v) Hydrolysis
constants of salts. Numerical problems. 07 Hrs

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Reference Books

1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry , 5th ed., F.A. Cotton and G.Wilkinson; John
Willey and sons, 1988
2. Inorganic Chemistry; Principles of structure and reactivity, 3rd ed., James E
Huheey, Ellen E. Keither and Richard L Keither, Harper Collins college Pub.,
1933
3. Inorganic Chemitsyr 3rd ed., Shriver and Atkins, Oxford University Press, 1999
4. Organometallic Chemistry, A Unified approach R.C.Mehrotra and A. Singh.
Willey Eastern, New Delhi
5. Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry II ed., Douglas , Mc Danial and
Alexander
6. A concise Inorganic Chemistry, J.D.Lee, ELBS Ed., 1991
7. Modern aspects of Inorganic Chemistry, H.J.Emeleus and A.G.Sharpe, ELBS
8. Chemistry of the elements, Green wood and Earnshaw, Pergaman Press,
Oxford, 1986
9. Solid state Chemsitry and its application, A.R. West, John Willey and sons
10. Theoretical Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, IV ed., G.S.Manku, Tata, Mc Graw
Hill, 1990
11. Peter Atkins & Julio De Paula, Physical Chemistry, 9th Ed., Oxford University
Press (2010)
12. G W Castellan, Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed., Narosa (2004)
13. R G Mortimer, Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Elsevier: Noida, UP (2009)
14. B R Puri, L R Sharma and M S Pathania, Principal of Physical Chemistry, Vishal
Publishing Co.
15. B S Bahl, G D Tuli and Arun Bahl, Essentials of Physical chemistry, S Chand &
Company Ltd.
16. A S Negi and S C Anand, A textbook of Physical Chemistry, New Age
International Publishers.
17. B N Bajpai, Advanced Physical chemistry, S Chand and Company ltd.
18. R L Madan, Chemistry for Degree Students, Semester I, II, III and IV, S Chand
andCompany Ltd.
19. P L Soni, O P Dharmarha and U N Dash, Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Sultan
Chand and Sons.

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 PRACTICALS
Credit Points: 2 Teaching Hours: 4Hrs
Evaluation: Continuous
Internal Assessment-20 marks
Semester End Examination : 30 marks
Course objective:
To attain practical knowledge about:

1. Analytical skills in detecting the constituents present in unknown samples by

systematically carrying out the qualitative analysis.
2. The methods of determining rates of chemical reactions.
3. Designing electrochemical cells and making measurements related to it.
4. Determination of physical characteristics of electrolytes using conductivity
measurements in solution.
5. Adsorption phenomenon, mechanism and basic models to explain adsorption.
6. Simple techniques like conductometry to obtain physicochemical parameters of
electrolytes.

Course outcomes: At the end of the course student would be able to

1.Understand the chemical reactions involved in the detection of cations and anions.
2. Explain basic principles involved in classification of ions into groups in semi-micro
qualitative analysis of salt mixture
3. Carryout the separation of cations into groups and understand the concept of
commonion effect.
4. Understand the choice of group reagents used in the analysis.
5. Analyse a simple inorganic salt mixture containing two anions and cations
6.Use instruments like conductivity meter to obtain various physicochemical
parameters.
7. Apply the theory about chemical kinetics and determine the velocity constants of
various reactions.
8. Learn about the reaction mechanisms.
9. Interpret the behaviour of interfaces, the phenomena of physisorption and
chemisorptions and their applications in chemical and industrial processes.
10. Learn to fit experimental data with theoretical models and interpret the data

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 Part A- Inorganic Chemistry Practicals
Qualitative semi-micro analysis of mixtures containing 2 anions and 2 cations.
Emphasis should be given to the understanding of different reactions.
The following cations and anions are suggested.
Cations: NH4+, Pb2+ , Bi3+ , Cu2+ , Al3+, Fe3+, Co2+ , Cr3+ , Ni2+, Zn2+ , Mn2+ , Ba2+ , Ca2+ ,
Sr2+ , Mg2+ , Na+, K+ and Li+.
Anions: CO32-, CH3COO- , Cl- , Br -, I- , NO3- , BO33- , SO42- , C2O42-and PO43-
Spot tests and flame tests to be carried out wherever possible. (At least six salt
mixtures to be analyzed)
Part B- Physical Chemistry Practicals
1. Determination of the enthalpy of neutralization of a strong acid with strong base.
2. Verification of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms for adsorption of acetic acid on
activated charcoal.
3. The study of kinetics of potassium persulphate and potassium iodide
volumetrically.
4. Determination of velocity constant for acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate.
5. Determination of velocity constant for the saponification of ethyl acetate (a = b)
volumetrically.
6. Determination of equivalent conductivity of strong electrolyte and verification of
DHO equation.
7. Determination of dissociation constant of weak acid by conductivity method.
8. Conductometric titration of strong acid and strong base.
9. Conductometric titration of weak acid and strong base.
10. Determination of the hydrolysis constant of aniline hydrochloride
conductometrically.
11. Determination of solubility product of sparingly soluble salt conductometrically.

(At least experiments to be conducted)

References
1. Vogel’s Qualitative analysis, Revised by G. Svehla, Pearson education, 2002
2. J B Yadav, Advanced Physical Chemistry, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd,Meerut.
3. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co.: New Delhi (2011).
4. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical Chemistry 8th
Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
5. Halpern, A. M. &McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H. Freeman
& Co.: New York (2003).

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Semester 4
B Sc / B Sc (Honors)

Title of the Course: Open Elective: Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Metallurgy

Number of Theory Credits Number of lecture hours/semester

3 42

Evaluation Scheme for Theory:

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) – 40 Marks

Semester End Examination (SEE) – 60 marks
This course provides a broad introduction to the fundamental principles of
Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Metallurgy. The student will gain an understanding of
basic and practical applications in various fields of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Metals
and Alloy behaviour and manufacturing processes. This course is a valuable prerequisite
for taking more technically challenging courses that will be required for career
development.
Course Objectives
This course will deal with
1. Types of conductance, concept of electrolytes, electrolysis, redox reactions and EMF
2. Concept of different types of electrochemical cells, Types of electrodes and
electrodepotential. Application of electrochemical series.
3. Basic principles and applications of conductometric, potentiometric and PH
titrations.
4. Different types of Batteries their principle construction and working - lead-acid
storageand lithium ion battery. Study of Fuels cells.
5. Concept of corrosion, types of corrosion and its prevention by different
methods.Introduction to electroplating.
6. Introduction to ores and minerals, extraction of metals from their ores, and
purification. Eg., Manganese, Titanium and Uranium.
7. Study of alloys, classification, production and uses of alloys.

Expected Course Outcomes

Upon completion of the course students will be able to
1. Understand the concept of conductance in electrolytic solutions, electrolysis and

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 redox reactions involved in electrode reactions.

2. Learn the different types of electrochemical cells, their symbolical representation

andapplication of electrochemical series.
3. Apply conductometric, potentiometric and pH titrations
4. Know the principle, construction and working of batteries
5. Understand different types of corrosion and its prevention by different methods
6. Learn the methods of extraction of metals from their ores and purification

UNIT I
Electrochemistry
Conductance, specific and molar conductance Types of Electrolytes, Conductivity in
electrolytic solution, Electrolysis, Kohlrausch’s law and its application, Equivalent
Conductance of Weak electrolyte at Infinite dilution.

Oxidation -reduction reactions, electrode potential, EMFof an electrochemical cell, cell

reaction, Daniel cell, dry Cells - electrolytic and Galvanic cell, Representation of a cell.
Standard electrode potential, Nernst equation (No derivation) and its application to
chemical cell, Electrochemical series and its importance. Types of Electrodes.

Basic Principles of (i) Conductometric titrations- HCl Vs NaOH, CH3COOH Vs NaOH

(ii) Potentiometric titrations: Acid-base titration HCl Vs NaOH, Redox
titration(FAS Vs K2Cr2O7)
H
Determination of P using glass electrode. 12 hrs

Batteries- Primary and Secondary batteries, Battery components and their role. Working
of thefollowing Batteries- Lead acid, Lithium Storage, Batteries, Fuel cells. 2 hrs

UNIT II
Corrosion: Introduction, definition, Types of Corrosion, Corrosion rate, Factors affecting
corrosion rate, Metallic factor-purity, electrode potential of metal, hydrogen over voltage,
natureof corrosion product. Environmental Factors-Temperature, pH of the medium,
humidity, presence of impurities, electrical conductivity of the medium, velocity of the
medium, concentration of the medium.

Prevention of Corrosion: Material selection - Metals and alloys, metal purification, non-
metallic, Alteration of environment - Changing media, inhibitors, Design-wall thickness,
design rules, Coating-Metallic and other inorganic coatings, organic coating.

Electroplating: Introduction, Electroplating of chromium (hard and decorative). Electro

less plating: Introduction, distinction between electroplating and electroless plating
processes. Electroless plating of copper. 14 hrs

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 UNIT III
Metallurgy
Introduction: Ore, minerals, important ores of some common elements in India, General
Principles of pyrometallurgy, roasting, Calcination, Gangue, Smelting, Flux, Gravity
separation, Froth flotation process, leaching. Techniques employed for Purification of
metal (Distillation process, Bessemerization, Electro-refining, Van Arkel and De Boer’s
Filament. 06 hrs

Extraction of metals: Extraction of Manganese (Pyrolusite), Titanium (Ilmanite) and

Uranium. 04 hrs
Alloys: Introduction, Classification of alloys, commercially important alloys, gold
karats,Production of Ferro alloys; Ferrochrome, Ferro Manganese, Uses of alloys. 04 hrs

Reference Books

1. Barrow. G.M, Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw‐Hill, (2007)

2. An introduction to electrochemistry, Samuel Glasstone, East-West edition New
Delhi,(1942)
3. Text book of physical chemistry, Samuel Glasstone, 2ndEdition, Mac Millan India Ltd,
(1991)
4. Principles and applications of Electrochemistry, D. R. Crow, 3 rd edition, Chapmanhall
London, (1988)
5. Fundamentals of electrochemical deposition, Milan Paunovic and Mordechay
Schlesinger, Wiley Interscience Publications, New York, (1998)
6. Engineering Chemistry, V R Kulkarni and K Ramakrishna Reddy, New Age
International,(2015)
7. Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science, Nestor Perez, Springer (india) Pvt. Ltd.,
(2004)
8. Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, D. A. Jones, Macmillan Publ. Co., (1996)
9. Essential of Materials Science and Engineering, Donald R. Askeland, Thomson
Learning,5th Edition, (2006)
10. Introduction to Engineering Materials, B. K. Agarwal, Tata McGraw Hill, 1st Edition
11. Material Science and Engineering, V. Raghavan, PHI Learning, 5th Edition
12. Engineering Materials and Metallurgy, R. K. Rajput, S. Chand - 1st Edition, (2011)

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