1.

Definition of Infancy/Infant
2. Introduction of concepts
3. Importance
4. Health Promotive acts

3 Psychologists
1. Erickson
2. Piaget
3. Freud

Erickson ( BEBANG ABRENICA)

1. Definition of Infancy/Infant

Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust

Basic strength: Drive and Hope

- Erikson also referred to infancy as the Oral Sensory Stage, the first stage of
psychosocial development (as anyone might who watches a baby put everything
in her mouth) where the major emphasis is on the mother's positive and loving
care for the child, with a big emphasis on visual contact and touch. If we pass
successfully through this period of life, we will learn to trust that life is basically
okay and have basic confidence in the future. If we fail to experience trust and
are constantly frustrated because our needs are not met, we may end up with a
deep-seated feeling of worthlessness and a mistrust of the world in general.

Stage 1 (Oral-Sensory)

The first stage centers around the infant's basic needs being met by the parents
and this interaction leading to trust or mistrust.

- Trust, as defined by Erikson, is "an essential truthfulness of others as well

as a fundamental sense of one's own trustworthiness." The infant depends
on the parents, especially the mother, for sustenance and comfort. The
child's relative understanding of the world and society comes from the
parents and their interaction with the child.

- If the parents expose the child to warmth, regularity, and dependable

affection, the infant's view of the world will be one of trust.
 - However, If the parents fail to provide a secure environment and to meet
the child's basic needs, a sense of mistrust will result. The development of
mistrust can lead to feelings of frustration, suspicion, withdrawal, and a
lack of confidence.

2. Introduction of concepts

Promoting Achievement of a Developmental Task: Trust Versus Mistrust

- Erikson (1993) proposed that the developmental task of the infant period is to
form a sense of trust. When an infant is hungry, a parent feeds him and makes
him comfortable again. When an infant is wet, a parent changes her so the infant
is dry again. When an infant is cold, a parent holds and warms him or her. By this
process, infants learn to trust that when they have a need or are in distress, a
person will come and meet that need.

- A synonym for trust is love. By the way infants are handled, fed, talked to, and
held, they learn to love and recognize they are loved. Infants who have
numerous caregivers, who may be fed one day on a rigid schedule and the next
only when they are hungry, who sometimes are treated roughly and sometimes
gently, can have difficulty learning to trust. If infants cannot trust, they cannot
enjoy deeply satisfying interactions with others and can have difficulty trusting
themselves or experiencing high self-esteem. They may have difficulty
establishing close relationships as adults.

3. Importance

- It is important for infants to establish the ability to love, or trust, early in life this
way because development is sequential. If a first developmental step is
inadequate, this inadequacy can pervade all future steps. In reference to trust,
the end result could be an adult unable to instill a sense of trust in his or her own
child, perpetuating the inadequacy from generation to generation.

- Incidentally, many studies of suicides and suicide attempts point to the

importance of the early years in developing the basic belief that the world is
trustworthy and that every individual has a right to be here. Not surprisingly, the
most significant relationship is with the maternal parent, or whoever is our most
significant and constant caregiver.
4. Health Promotive acts

- How do parents (or a nurse) encourage a sense of trust in an infant? Trust arises
primarily from a sense of confidence one can predict what is coming next. This
does not mean parents should set up a rigid schedule of care for a child. It does
imply establishing some schedule; for example, breakfast, bath, playtime, nap,
lunch, a walk outside, quiet playtime, dinner, a story, and bedtime. This gentle
rhythm of care gives infants a sense of being able to predict what is going to
happen and gives life some consistency. All little children thrive on routine,
whether it's the same story read over and over again, the same bedtime rituals,
or the same spoon for lunch every day. Infancy is not too early for children to
learn family traditions such as decorating for holidays that will help them feel
secure in the world as they grow. Some parents have difficulty accepting routine
as important to a child. They may be so tired of their own work treadmill that they
want to raise their children as free spirits. Do not discourage this philosophy;
however, you might suggest a few modifications to instill some order into infants'
lives.

- Women who work outside their home during the first year of a baby's life (at least
90% of women today) should try to arrange for one person to care for their child
while they are away from home or choose a daycare center that will provide a
consistent caregiver. Urge them to discuss their methods of childcare with
alternative caregivers to prevent disrupting an infant's routine. When a child is
admitted to a hospital, document and use this information.

- Parents should make sure the caretaker they choose will actively interact with
their child to provide a sense of trust. Passively caring for infants-not talking to
them or touching or stroking them while feeding or changing them-amounts to not
being with them. An increasing number of parents are installing video cameras to
make sure a caretaker is actively interacting with their baby to in- still a sense of
trust in their child.

- As important to an infant as the rhythm of care is that the care be given largely by
one person. This person can be the mother, father, grandparent, a conscientious
babysitter, a foster parent, or anyone who can give consistent care. For infants
who are ill at birth and are hospitalized for months, this person is often a primary
nurse or case manager. You may have to encourage parents not to feel self-
 conscious talking to a baby who does not talk back. Pointing out the importance
of such interactions and role modeling them when caring for children helps
parents use this type of stimulation as they care for their baby's physical needs.

Ways for nurses to help an Infant develop a sense of TRUST

Area of care Nursing Action

Nutrition ● Encourage mothers to breastfeed if possible;

provide privacy and support as needed; and hold
the infant regardless of feeding method (gavage,
total parenteral nutrition, oral nutrition, enteral
nutrition). If this is not possible, hold infants for a
period of time after or between feedings so that
they receive the same amount of holding as they
would normally receive.

● If infant feeding is not oral, provide a pacifier

(medical condition considered) five or six times
daily for sucking pleasure.

● Hold and comfort after an episode of vomiting,

usually not noticeably disturbing to infants

Dressing change ● Use nonallergenic tape to avoid irritation while

applied and pain when removed.
● Use a minimum of tape so the least amount has to
be pulled free from sensitive skin (consider using
stockinette, rolled gauze, or Kling gauze to hold a
bandage in place rather than tape)
● To prevent chilling, be certain irrigation solutions
are warm. Minimize exposure of the child during
dressing changes to conserve warmth.
● Restrain only those body parts necessary for
security. Talk to the infant. Hearing an explanation
of what you are doing is comforting, not for the
meaning of the words but for the non threatening
tone of your voice.

Medicine administration ● Flavor oral medicine to disguise a disagreeable

taste (being careful not to increase the amount
 beyond what the child will readily take). Offer a
drink of flavorful fluid afterward to counter the
medicinal taste.
● Never administer medicine in an infant's formula to
prevent changing the formula's taste.
● Comfort the infant after injections or intravenous
insertion by holding and rocking, or give
immediately to a parent for this. Check intravenous
sites frequently (every 30 min) for swelling to
prevent infiltration and pain. Hold and play with
infants despite tubing and restraints.

Rest ● Encourage parents to sit and hold infants; infants

sleep in a parent's arms as soundly as they do in
bed.

● Rock infants to sleep if this is comforting. If

contagion is not a problem, bring the crib to the
nursing desk where the infant can see you until he
or she falls asleep.
● Always wake infants gently, because it is
frightening (for anyone) to be awakened by a
stranger.
● If bed rest is necessary, check for irritated elbows,
heels, and knees from the infant's skin rubbing
against sheets; protect with long sleeves or pants.

Hygiene ● Check the temperature of bath water for comfort

and to prevent chilling.

● Change diapers frequently to reduce discomfort

from irritation.

● To avoid canes and prevent pain, begin

toothbrushing with the first tooth.

Pain ● Hold and comfort an infant in pain.

● Do not ask parents to hold a child during a painful

procedure; it is difficult for them to see their child in
pain. Allow them to comfort the child afterward.

● Reduce painful procedures to a minimum, combine

 blood draws so only one puncture is necessary for
many tests, etc.

Stimulation ● Talk to infants while you care for them so they

come to know you.

● Remember that infants focus longest on a human

face.

● Provide a crib mirror or a mobile, because visual

stimulation is satisfying to an infant.

● If no mobile is available, create one from a wire

coat hanger, string, or strips of adhesive tape and
objects that will suspend easily and are light
enough to move from motion of the crib or an air
current (colored paper, cotton balls, colored tongue
blades). For safety, hang the mobile high enough
for the infant to see but not reach.

● During the second half of the 1st year, remember

that infants need to try to crawl. Put a pad or shoot
on the floor and encourage the infant to come to
you or to explore on his or her own while you stand
by to offer reassurance (this is almost impossible
to accomplish in a crib).

CADIVIDA

Infancy - Traditionally, infancy is designated as the period of time from 1 month to 1 year of age.
In these important months, an infant undergoes such rapid development that parents sometimes
believe their baby looks different and demonstrates new abilities every day.

SIGMUND FREUD
- Freud’s theory emphasizes the effect of instinctual human drives on behavior. Freud
identified the underlying stimulus for human behavior as sexuality, which he called libido.
Libido is defined as general pleasure-seeking instincts rather than purely genital
gratification.
- Four major components of Freud’s theory are:
● The unconscious mind - contains memories, motives, fantasies, and fears
that are not accessible to recall but that directly affect behavior
 ● The id - part of the mind concerned with self gratification by the easiest
and quickest available means
● The ego - conscious part of mind that serves as a mediator between the
desires of id and the constraints of reality so that one might live effectively
within one's social, physical, and physiological environment
● The superego
- part of the mind that represents one’s conscience and
develops the ego during the first year life, as the child
praise versus punishment for actions
- Represents the internalization of rules and values so that
socially acceptable behavior is practiced

Freud termed the infant period the “oral phase” because infants are so interested in oral
stimulation or pleasure during this time. According to this theory, infants suck for enjoyment or
relief of tension, as well as for nourishment.

ORAL PHASE (AGES 0 TO 18 MONTHS)

- During the oral stage, the infant uses his or her mouth as the major source of
gratification and exploration. Pleasure is experienced from eating, biting, chewing and
sucking. The infant’s primary need is for security. A major conflict occurs with weaning.

NURSE IMPLICATIONS
- Provide oral stimulation by giving pacifiers; do not discourage thumb sucking
- Breastfeeding may provide more stimulation than formula feeding because it requires
the infant to expend more energy

CADIVIDA
PIAGET (Piape)

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
According to Piaget, children progress through four distinct cognitive stages. Piaget
believed that children actively try to make sense out of their environment rather than
passively soaking up information about the world. Piaget observed his own children in
developing his theory. As a child advances to a new stage, his thinking is
qualitatively different from that of the previous star. In other words, each new stage
represents a fundamental shift in how child thinks and understands the world

Sensorimotor Stage
Sensorimotor intelligence is practical intelligence because words and symbols for
thinking and problem solving are not yet available at this early age. At the beginning of
infancy, babies relate to the world through their senses, using only reflex behavior. As
infants progress through this stage which includes the schemas of primary and
secondary reactions, they learn the basic concept that people are entities separate from
objects. Piaget used the term "primary" to refer to activities related to a child's own body
and the term "circulatory reaction" to show that repetition of behavior occurs (infants
accidentally bring their thumb to their mouth, enjoy the sensation of sucking and so
repeat it.)

Piaget’s Six Substages of Sensorimotor Development

Substage One: Simple Reflexes (Birth through 1st month)
It begins with automatic movements or reflexes like the nipple of a bottle comes into
contact with an infant’s cheek and the infant will orient toward the object and
automatically begin to suck on and lick the object.

Substage Two: First habits and primary circular reactions (1st through 4th month)
The infant begins to discriminate between objects and adjust responses accordingly as
reflexes are replaced with voluntary movements. An infant may accidentally engage in a
behavior and find it interesting such as making a vocalization. This interest motivates
trying to do it again and helps the infant learn a new behavior that originally occurred by
chance. At first, most actions have to do with the body, but in months to come, will be
directed more toward objects.

Substage Three: Secondary circular reactions (4th through 8th months)

The infant becomes more and more actively engaged in the outside world and takes
delight in being able to make things happen. Repeated motion brings particular interest
as the infant is able to bang two lids together from the cupboard when seated on the
kitchen floor.

Substage Four: Coordination of circular reactions (8th through 12th months)

The infant can engage in behaviors that others perform and anticipate upcoming events.
Perhaps because of continued maturation of the prefrontal cortex, the infant becomes
capable of having a thought and carrying out a planned, goal-directed activity such as
seeking a toy that has rolled under the couch. The object continues to exist in the
infant’s mind even when out of sight and the infant now can make attempts to retrieve it.
This ability is called object permanence.

Object Permanence- knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden. It requires
the ability to form a mental representation of the object.
Ex:
1. Hide the ball in the blanket and observe if the infant will search for it.
2. Infants can recognize that a parent remains the same person whether dressed
in a robe and slippers / pants and a shirt.
3. Infants play peek-a-boo because they realize the person playing with them
exists behind his or her hands
 4. Infants learn they are separate entities from the objects. They learn where
their body stops and their bed playthings or parent begins

Coordination of Secondary Reactions

- Infants begin to demonstrate goal directed behavior. After noticing that hitting a
mobile makes it move, infants then reach for and hit a music box nearby, in this
way actively seeking new experiences. It is important for infants to have
stimulating objects around for exploring in this way so that experimenting and
learning can proceed.

Promoting Infant Development in Daily Activities

In the first year, caring for an infant-feeding, bathing, dressing and so forth-occupies
what may seem like nearly all of the parent's walking hours. Worrying about their
infant's sleep patterns may take up the rest of their time, often because the parents are
not getting enough sleep themselves. All of these basic care-related activities provide
important opportunities for caregivers and infants to get to know one another and to
become used to each other's personalities and patterns. Nurses can play a key role in
teaching parents about these activities and stressing their importance.

Topic Health Teaching

Bathing - Complete bath can be omitted, with only an infant's

face, hands and diaper area washed.
- Some infants need to wash their head and scalp
frequently.
- If seborrhea lesions do develop, patches can be
softened by oiling the scalp with mineral oil or
petroleum jelly and leaving it on overnight. The scalp
can be moved by shampooing the hair the next
morning.
- Bath time should be fun.
- Parents shouldn't leave infants alone in tubs as they
could easily slip under the water.

Diaper-Area Care - Change diapers frequently, about every 2 to 4 hours.

- If an infant develops a rash from sleeping in wet
diapers, air drying or sleeping without a diaper is the
solution.
- Parents should wash the skin with clear water or with
 a commercial alcohol-free diaper wipe (and perfume-
free if an infant has sensitive skin), then pat or allow to
air dry.
- Parents do not need to use baby powder, if they
choose to, sprinkle the powder first on the hand and
then apply it to infant skin. Do not shake the powder to
reduce aspiration.

Care of Teeth - Breastfed infants do not receive a great deal of

fluoride from breast milk, so it may be recommended
they be given fluoride drops once a day.
- Begin "brushing" even before teeth erupt by rubbing a
soft wash cloth over the gum pads. It will eliminate
plaque and reduce the presence of bacteria, creating
a clean environment for the arrival of the first teeth.
- The initial dental check up should be made by 1 year
of age, check ups should continue at 6 month intervals
until adulthood.

Dressing - When they begin to creep, they need long pants to

protect their knees.
- When they start to walk, they need only soft-soled
shoes or merely socks or booties to keep their feet
warm.

Sleep - Let a baby sleep in a separate space rather than in

their bed so the parents do not awaken at every toss
and squeak. It allows infants to learn to quiet
themselves and go back to sleep should they awaken
briefly.
- Use of a pacifier while an infant sleeps may further
reduce the risk of SIDS. (Sudden infant death
syndrome)

Exercise - Expose infants to the sun only for a short period of

time. (3-5 minutes for starter)
- Infants need space to crawl and then to walk such as
in an enclosed outdoor play space.
- Infants using infant walkers must be closely
supervised because they can be injured if they
maneuver the walker too near a stairway and fall.
 ERICKSON

Prologue/Intro:
*Pregnant mother searching videos on the internet regarding Psychological development
of an infant*
*So yung buong video ay nasa POV nung first-time mother, and na-encounter niya lang
yung mga vids/vlog about Erikson, Piaget, and Freud sa yt*

SCRIPT Erickson
By Barrientos and Serrano

Characters:
Pregnant Mother - Rigo
Mother - Datuin
Father - Sanchez
Baby - Doll

Setting: House
Props: Magandang background for vlogging, Baby things
Max Time: 5 mins
Note: underlined are the explained concepts

Scene 1:VLOG WHILE DRINKING COFFEE/MUKBANG AND Q&A

(Def, intro, and concepts, importance)

● INTRODUCTION FOR THE VLOG

Mother: Hey guys, welcome to my channel. I’m very excited for today’s video y’know because
it’s my first time doing a Q&A vlog. I’ll be answering some of your questions from my social
media accounts, *mag flash sa gilid ng screen ng mga ss nung mga comments* Tadaaa!!!
All of the questions will be about being a mom and what principles I follow in taking care of my
baby, *insert name of baby*, based on Erikson's Theory.

: Maybe some of you are wondering why Erickson? Who’s Erickson? Is he my husband? Well
nope, he's my favorite Psychologist… and to those who are new to my channel, Erickson is
known for his theory on the psychological development of human beings. I became interested in
him during my pregnancy journey, and my followers knew how I fell in love with the idea of me
finally having a baby so I read and put so much effort into preparing myself to become a
responsible mother to baby *name*

● DEFINITION OF INFANCY
Father: Here's question number one from Its_me_hi_im_the_Prob_its_me *from Twitter*
#1 Question: Hello po mommy oni, lagi niyo po kasi nababanggit sa mga vlog niyo si
Erickson, paano niyo po ba nagagamit mga concepts niya sa pag-aalaga niyo kay baby
*insert name*. Thank you po.

Mother: Okay so, first of all. How do I use all of the concepts, right? Guys, the first stage of
Erikson’s theory is called TRUST or MISTRUST, which can be observed up to 18 months of
age. Especially since I have an 8-month-old baby, *round of applause sfx*. Building trust is
important so I practice it by making sure that I meet the basic needs of baby *insert name*.

Mother: Si baby *insert name* kasi always craves food, or they like to put something inside
their mouth. For Erickson, this is referred to as the Oral-Sensory Stage, as the name suggests
babies love to explore things using their hands and mouth. Ikaw daddy, for you, what do you
think are the basic needs ni baby *insert name*?

Father: Hygiene. Which is my nightmare. Especially if its poo time, the only thing I like about
hygiene is bath time

*Adlib nalang po kung paano sila mag proceed sa next question*

● INTRODUCTION OF CONCEPTS
Father: Here's question number two from IU_Lover *twitter*
“May balak po ba kayong mag hire ng yaya, willing po ako maging julalay ni baby
*name* HAHAHAHA charr lang po’’

Mother: Alam niyo ba guys, even if it’s tiring to be a mom and at the same time I do vlogs. The
exhaustion goes away whenever I do my usual routine with my baby. Even simple feeding will
build trust with them. You know that trust is love, remember that mga momshies.

Father: Kaya kami ni mommy oni, as much as possible we avoid hiring yayas for our kids, I’m
sorry IULover bawi ka nalang next life HAHAHA. Kidding aside, even before pa ipanganak si
baby we have decided to be the ones who will take care of our children. We will prioritize them
over our work.

Mother: Yes, aside from wanting to spend time with our baby, we have trust issues when it
comes to hiring nannies because I have watched videos online where babies are treated
roughly by their yaya’s or caregivers. Kami ni daddy *insert name* is very protective din talaga.

● IMPORTANCE
Father: Here's question number three from Momshie_Aya *twitter*
“I will be welcoming my first baby this coming december, ano po ba ang foundation ng
pagiging isang responsableng mother or parent para hindi maging problematic si baby
pag laki?’’
Mother: Actually simple lang ang sagot dito, at ayun ay Love. As aforementioned TRUST is
LOVE. If you love your baby, you will provide their needs, wants, time, and attention that they
deserve in that way you will gain their trust because the early months of our baby will be the
most significant time for them to develop trust and confidence which will be their foundation up
until their later years.

Mother: Okay guys, let’s take a glimpse sa short daily routine namin ni baby *name*

*transition na sa previews/cutscenes ni mother*

SCENE 2: Montage
(Health Promotive acts)

*morning*
*Kukunin ni mother si baby sa crib dahil umiiyak*
*yung scene dito parang yung usual na daily routine ng family and ni baby*

● NUTRITION/ BREASTFEEDING THE BABY; MEDICINE (VITAMINS)

*preview/cut na nag breastfeed si mother kay baby*
*Transition*

● DRESS AND HYGIENE

*preview/cut ng bath, change of diapers, and dress*
*Transition*

● STIMULATION
*preview/cut where mother talks to the infant and plays with him/her, tactile play with
food or toys for stimulating their sense of taste, touch, sight: letting the baby play with
supervision *
*Transition*

● REST
*preview/cut where mother rocks the baby to sleep and puts in the crib*
*Transition*

● OUTRO OF VLOG
Mother: Okay momshie-cakes, that’s all for today’s vlog. Please like, subscribe, and share this
video. Don’t forget to turn on your notification bell. See you on my next vlog mga momshies!
Mwah.
 PIAGET

*The first time mother will search for another YT video, then she will watch next the video
about Piaget’s Theory*
SCRIPT Piaget
By Salo, Barrientos, Serrano

*Video about Cognitive development*

Characters:
Speaker - Zapanta
Audience -
Mother - Jessica Ramos, Micaela Mate
Child (scenario/clips)
Setting: Ted talk style, house
Props:
Max Time: 5 mins

● DEFINITION AND INTRO OF CONCEPTS

SPEAKER:
Life is like a stage on which we all play different parts throughout our lives. One starts in
infancy, moves through childhood, and into adulthood.

According to Piaget’s theory, we must pass through four phases of cognitive development.
These phases comprise the sensorimotor stage, preoperational, concrete operational stage,
and formal operational stage.

However, to fully understand, for now, we will only focus on the First stage which is the sensory-
motor stage for ages zero to 24 months. This stage is important because it is the initial phase
that will greatly contribute to the subsequent cognitive development of a child.

As the name suggests, the sensorimotor stage revolves around an infant utilizing his senses
and motor skills. Simply, Piaget wants to convey that in this phase our brain wants to see, hear,
smell, taste, and touch as much as possible.

At the 4th to 8th month, the infant becomes more and more actively engaged in the outside
world and takes delight in being able to make things happen. And as it goes from

8th to 12th month, the infant becomes capable of having a thought and carrying out a planned,
goal-directed activity such as seeking a toy that has rolled under the couch. The object
continues to exist in the infant’s mind even when out of sight and the infant now can make
attempts to retrieve it. This ability is called object permanence.
*Transition*
*Preview of a mother playing with her baby; just like peekaboo, but here she’s going to hide the
toy whether a ball or teddy bear*

SPEAKER/VOICE OVER: *still talking even if the focus is on the mother and baby* Prior to
that, our mother could display a toy before concealing it, leading us to believe it was lost. When
we realize that things exist even when we can't see them. As we become older, we develop a
general curiosity. We want to smell the flowers, taste the cuisine, and talk to strangers while
listening to sounds. For more exploration, we move and develop the skills necessary to sit,
crawl, stand, walk, and even run.

● IMPORTANCE

*Returned the focus of the camera to the speaker*

SPEAKER: It’s important for the infants to have stimulating objects around which allows
exploration that leads to experimentation and more learning to happen.

● HEALTH PROMOTIVE ACTIVITIES

1st scene
*Preview of the mother talking or making sounds to their baby and waiting for them to
respond, make sure that the infant can see the mother’s face when they talk.*
SPEAKER: This shows that the baby conversations are about taking turns, listening, and
responding to social cues. You might be surprised at how much your baby has to ‘say’

2nd scene
*Preview of the mother reading and storytelling to their baby while pointing out pictures
and changing the tone of their voice as they read. (the mother can also make a specific
noise or sound of an animal for example a cat, the mother points at the picture of the cat
while interpreting the sound of the cat or any animal you wish to interpret)

SPEAKER: Doing these activities every day helps your baby get familiar with sounds, words,
language and, eventually, the value and joy of books. This all builds your baby’s early literacy
skills and helps them go on to read successfully later in life.
Reading stories also stimulates your baby’s imagination and helps them learn about the world
around them. It’s a great time for you to bond with your baby and share time together too.

● ENDING
SPEAKER: That’s all for Piaget’s Theory, have a great day everyone. *round of applause*

*Outro music*
*Transition to the next video, Freud’s Theory*
SCRIPT Freud
By: Ilustre & Evangelista

CHARACTERS:
Host
Guest Speaker
Audience

SETTING:
Studio (Background)

PROPS:
Backdrop (Studio)

Host: Good Evening and welcome to (name of speaker) Talks .Our guest tonight is Mr./Ms.
(Name here) who is a well-known Psychologist. Let’s welcome Mrs., ____. with a big round of
applause!
Audience: *Claps*
Psych: Good evening everyone! (while walking)
Host: Hey! How are you?
Psych: I’m perfectly fine. Thank you.
*both sits*\
Host: So, Mrs. ____ Thank you for coming to our show, it is an honour having you here. I am a
big fan of yours (laughs)
Psych: Oh , thank you, it makes my day to hear that.
Host: Mr/s., how’s life lately?
Psych: Oh, I’ve been busy about work stuff and being a mom *laughs*
Host: Yeah congratulations!how do you feel about it?
Psych: It’s a wonderful experience, I’ve never been this happy.
Host: Yeah, I always see your post about *baby’s name*
(Picture of the baby with her parents on vacation flashes through the screen)
Psych: Oh there, that’s in Hong Kong Disneyland, *baby’s name* first out of the country
experience. *baby’s name* was so happy to see her favourite characters.
Host: She’s a lovely kid! How do you balance being a mom and work?
Psych: You know, it’s not easy to raise a child. But thankfully, I was able to use what I learn
from being a psychologist to *baby’s name*
Host: Yeah, tell me about it.
Psych:You know, being able to know what’s good for our baby is a big help. When *baby’s
name* was still a baby, I always rely to Freud’s Psychosexual Theory which is the Oral Phase.
During the oral stage, the infant uses his or her mouth as the major source of gratification and
exploration. Pleasure is experienced from eating, biting, chewing and sucking. The infant’s
primary need is for security. A major conflict occurs with weaning. Weaning provides intimacy
between the mother and her child. It helps the baby to grow healthy. In the first year of our lives,
we discover the world through our oral senses. Our main pleasure comes from sucking our
mother’s breast or a bottle. The conflict that occurs now is the weaning from our primary
caregiver. yet, if weaned either too early or too late, the infant might fail to resolve the
emotional conflicts of the oral, first stage of psychosexual development and they might develop
a maladaptive oral fixation.
I’ll show you an example.

- FLASHES THROUGH THE SCREEN:

SCENE 1:
- Mother is carrying the baby, she always make sures that the baby weans well.
(Transitions: kunwari iba ibang araw tas buhat nya si baby tas nagbbreastfeed.)
- Months later, the mother encourages the baby to use pacifiers and thumb
sucking. But she always make sure that it is clean.
- Years later, baby 1 becomes a healthy kid. He becomes active.
(Montage: The family plays with the kid. Looking very happy)
- Baby 1 becomes an adult: He becomes successful.

SCENE 2:
- Baby 2 is left alone crying when she is hungry. (Transitions: About 3 times
nangyari iba ibang day)
- Baby is bottle feed too early.
- The mother discourages thumb sucking. (Kapag nagtthumb suck si baby,
madalas nyang inaalis)
- Baby 2 becomes a quiet kid, not confident. (Baby 2 nakaupo lang sa school. No
friends to talk to)
- Years later, baby 2 becomes an adult: She develops a manipulative and
addictive personality. (She often bully others and shows no respect)

BACK TO THE STUDIO

Psych: You see, that’s how important to know what is best for our child. I always make sure
that *baby’s name* gets the best for her. I guide her through that stage. Little did we know, that
the little things we did affect the growth and development of our children.
Host: Yes, I was shocked that weaning can affect the growth of our babies. Mrs., ____ what
can you advice to our mother viewers out there?
Psych: Be patient with our kids, the way we raise and handle them affects them through
adulting. Be their first friend and always guide them.
Host: Wow, that’s a very interesting topic. Again, thank you Mrs. ____ for being our guest
speaker, I hope to see you again next time.
Psych: It’s my pleasure!thank you for having me here!

ENDING: That’s all for tonight! I am *host name*and thank you for watching *show name*
OUTRO: Song and claps
Kohlberg’s (Theory of Moral Development) (Cadivida and Abrenica)

- Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987), a psychologist, studied the reasoning ability of boys

and, based on Piaget’s development stages, developed a theory on the way children
gain knowledge of right and wrong or moral reasoning.
- Recognizing where a child is at according to these stages can help identify how children
may feel about an illness such as whether children think it is fair that they are ill
- Recognizing moral reasoning also helps determine whether children can be depended
on to carry out self-care activities such as administering their own medicine or whether
children have internalized standards of conduct so they do not “cheat” when away from
external control
- Moral stages closely approximate cognitive stages of development, because children
must be able to think abstractly (be able to conceptualize an idea without a concrete
picture) before being able to understand how rules apply even when no one is there to
enforce them

INFANT
- The infant period is a pre-religious stage
- Infants have little concept of any motivating force beyond that of their parents
- Infants learn that when they do certain actions, parents give affection and approval; for
other actions, parents scold and label the behavior “bad.”
- To support this stage of development, it is important for caregivers to praise infants for
doing what they have been asked to do. Caregivers should also know the average infant
is trying hard to please; if an infant falls short of doing this, it is probably because of
immature development rather than any effort to displease
- The development of trust is important in moral development because infants who
develop a sound sense of trust can better develop a spiritual orientation in future years
or be bound by a moral conscience (they can trust in a spiritual being as well as humans
around them)