01-Mar-23
Prepared by : Dwi Ristyadi, S.P., M.Sc. Ag., Ph.D
University of Jambi
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01-Mar-23
The Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is normally used in two situations as the following:
1. For a completed action or state at an indefinite time in the past. The time markers
usually used are: just, already, yet, not yet, etc.
2. For an action or state that has continued for a period of time, from the point in the
past until the present time (past-to-present). The time markers used are: since, for,
so far, up to now, in all (time), until now, etc.
The formula of present perfect tense:
Subject + have/has + verb (type III)
Subject + have/has + been + Adj/Adv/Noun
Examples:
1. Ani has taken the Agricultural Extension course for nearly one semester.
2. Mr. Madjid has already sold his farm products in the local market with a good price.
3. I have learned the breeding of tropical vegetables through genetic engineering since
many years.
4. Anton and Susan have demonstrated the techniques of plant propagation by
vegetative methods.
5. Some horticultural products have been rotten during transportation from field to
market due to high temperature.
The Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is used to show an action that was completed
before a particular event that also took place in the past. In a sentence,
the past perfect tense is generally combined with a past tense, since
both refer to events in the past. The time markers usually used in this
combination are: before, after or when.
Subject + had + verb (type III)
The formula of past perfect tense:
Subject + had + been + Adj/Adv/Noun
Examples:
1. Jono had sold his buffaloes before he bought a hand-tractor for
cultivating the rice field.
2. Farmers in our village had cleared the weeds, bush and other
materials before they cultivated the land using a hand-tractor.
3. They sprayed the pesticide after the aphids had attacked their
tomato crops.
4. My uncle grew soybean after he had harvested the cabbages.
5. The birds had left when the farmer put up the scarecrow.
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01-Mar-23
The Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect is used to describe an event that is expected or planned to
happen before another event in the future.
The formula of future perfect tense:
Subject + shall/will + have + verb (type III)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + Adj/Adv/Noun
Examples :
Contoh kalimat pola I:
We will have arrived by three o’clock.
She will not have finished her study by this time next month.
Will they have received the parcel by tomorrow morning?
Contoh kalimat pola II:
I will have been here for six month on June 1st.
She will not have been in Surabaya by the end of this month.
Will you have been here for five years next June?
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES
(Extra tenses, please learn it and do the assignment for your own benefit)
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01-Mar-23
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something
started in the past and has continued up until now.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian/peristiwa yang
SUDAH terjadi dan MASIH berlangsung.
The formula of present perfect continuous tense:
(+) : S + have/has + been + V-ing
(-) : S + have/has + not + been + V-ing
(?) : Have/has + S + been + V-ing +?
Examples :
1. She has been learning english for 3 years.
2. I have been teaching english since last year.
3. We've been playing tennis for two hours.
4. She hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.
5. How long have you been learning English?
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01-Mar-23
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The Past Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions or
situations that were in progress before some other actions or
situations.
We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started
in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
The formula of past perfect continuous tense:
(+) : S + had + been + V-ing
(-) : S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) : Had + S + been + V-ing + ?
Examples :
1. I had been repairing freezer when my friend came to my house
2. You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
3. You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
4. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
We use the future perfect continuous tense to talk about a long action before
some point in the future.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa
yang: akan, telah dan masih berlangung di masa datang.
The formula of future perfect continuous tense:
(+) : S + will + have + been + V-ing (+) : S + am/is/are + going to + have + been + V-ing
(-) : S + am/is/are +not+ going to + have + been + V-ing
(-) : S + will + not + have + been + V-ing (?) : is/am/are + S + going to + have + been + V-ing ?
(?) : Will + S + have + been + V-ing ?
Examples :
1. You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives.
2. You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally
arrives.
3. Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives?
4. I will have been working here for ten years next week.
5. She will have been waiting here for three hours by six o'clock.
6. I will have been swimming for 30 minutes at 9 tomorrow
7. I am going to have been swimming for 30 minutes at 9 tomorrow
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