4.

1 Definition of the Laplace Transform

f (t)dt to find L { f (t)}
R ∞ −st
Use the definition 0 e

e7
1. et+7 (Ans 11: F(s) = s−1 , s > 1)

e−5
2. e−2t−5 (Ans 12: F(s) = s+2 , s > −2)

3. (1 + e2t )2 (Ans 29: F(s) = 1s + s−2

2 1
+ s−4 )

4. (et − e−t )2 (Ans 30: F(s) = 1

s−2 − 2s + s+2
1
)

 2t + 1, 0 ≤ t < 1
5. f (t) = (Ans 4: F(s) = 1s (1 − 3e−s ) + s22 (1 − e−s ))
 0, t ≥1

 sint, 0 ≤ t < π
6. f (t) = (Ans 5: F(s) = 1
s2 +1
(e−πs + 1))
 0, t ≥π

7. t 2 e−2t (Ans 14: F(s) = 2

(s+2)3
, s > −2)

8. e−t sint (Ans 15: F(s) = 1

s2 +2s+2
, s > −1)

4.2 Transforms of Derivatives

Find the given inverse transform of:

1. L −1 { s12 − 1s + s−2
1
} (Ans 7: f (t) = t − 1 + e2t )

2. L −1 { 4s+1
1
} (Ans 9: f (t) = 41 e−t/4 )
√ √ √
3. L −1 { (s−√3)(s+
s−3 √
3)
} (Ans 22: f (t) = cosh 3t − 3 sinh 3t)

4. L −1 { (s−2)(s−3)(s−6)
s
} (Ans 23: f (t) = 21 e2t − e3t + 12 e6t )

Use the Laplace transform to solve the given initial-value problem:

1. y′ + 6y = e4t , y(0) = 2; (Ans: 33 y = 1 4t

10 e + 19
10 e
−6t )

2. y′′ − 4y′ = 6e3t − 3e−t , y(0) = 1, y′ (0) = −1;

(Ans 36: y = 52 − 2e3t − 35 e−t + 11 4t
10 e )

3. 2y′′′ + 3y′′ − 3y′ − 2y = e−t , y(0) = 0, y′ (0) = 0, y′′ (0) = 1;

(Ans 39: y = 12 e−t + 18
5 t
e − 89 e−t/2 + 91 e−2t )

4. y′′′ + 2y′′ − y′ − 2y = sin 3t,

y(0) = 0, y′ (0) = 0, y′′ (0) = 1;
13 −t 16 −2t
Ans 40: y = 13 t 3 1


60 e − 20 e + 39 e + 130 cos 3t − 65 sin 3t

5. y′ + y = e−3t cos 2t, y(0) = 0;

(Ans 41: y = 14 e−t − 14 e−3t cos 2t + 14 e−3t sin 2t)

Compiled by Denzel Wei 1

4.3 First and Second Shifting Theorems

4.3.1 First Shifting Theorem

Find the transform F(s) or function f (t):

1. L {t 3 e−2t }; (Ans 3: 3!
(s+2)4
)

2. L {t(et + e2t )2 }; (Ans 5: 1

(s−2)2
2
+ (s−3) 1
2 + (s−4)2 )

3. L {e2t (t − 1)2 }; (Ans 6: 2

(s−2)3
2
− (s−2) 1
2 + (s−2) )

4. L {et sin 3t}; (Ans 7: 3

(s−1)2 +9
)

5. L −1 { (s+2)
1
3 }; (Ans 11: 12 t 2 e−2t )

6. L −1 { s2 −6s+10
1
}; (Ans 13: e3t sint)

7. L −1 { s2 +4s+5
s
}; (Ans 15: e−2t cost − 2e−2t sint)
2
8. L −1 { (s+1)
(s+2)4
}; (Ans 20: te−2t − t 2 e−2t + 16 t 3 e−2t )

4.3.2 Second Shifting Theorem

Find the transform F(s) or function f (t):

e−s
1. L {(t − 1)U (t − 1)}; (Ans 37: s2
)

e−s −s
2. L {tU (t − 1)}; (Ans 39: + es )
s2
 
3. L {(3t + 1)U (t − 1)}; (Ans 40: e−s s32 + 4s )

se−πs
4. L {cos 2tU (t − π)}; (Ans 41: s2 +4
)
−πs
5. L −1 { se2 +1 }; (Ans 45: sin(t − π)U (t − π) = − sintU (t − π))
−2s
6. L −1 { s2e(s−1) }; (Ans 48: − U (t − 2) − (t − 2)U (t − 2) + et−2 U (t − 2))

Write each function in terms of unit step functions. Find the Laplace Transform of the given function.

1. 
 2 :0≤t <3 2 4 −3s
f (x) = ; Ans 55: − e
 −2 :t ≥3 s s

2. 
 0 :0≤t <1 
2

2 1 −s
f (x) = ; Ans 57: + + e
 t2 :t ≥1 s3 s2 s

Compiled by Denzel Wei 2

 3. 
 0 : 0 ≤ t < 3π/2 se−3πs/2
f (x) = ; Ans 58: −
 sint : t ≥ 3π/2 s2 + 1

Use Laplace transform to solve the given i.v.p.:

1. 
 0 :0≤t <1
y′ + y = f (t), y(0) = 0, where f (t) =
 5 :t ≥1

Ans 63:y = 5U (t − 1) − 5e−(t−1) U (t − 1)

2. 
 t :0≤t <1
y′ + 2y = f (t), y(0) = 0, where f (t) =
 0 :t ≥1
 
1 1 1 −2t 1 1 1 −2(t−1)
Ans 65:y = − + t + e − + (t − 1) − e U (t − 1)
4 2 4 4 2 4

4.4.2 Transforms of Integrals

Use the Laplace transform to solve the given integral equation or integral-differential equation:

Z t
1. f (t) + (t − τ) f (τ)dτ = t; (Ans 37: f (t) = sint)
0
Z t √
2. f (t) = 2t − 4 sin τ f (t − τ)dτ; (Ans 38: f (t) = 52 t + 5√8 5 sin 5t)
0
Z t
3. f (t) = tet + τ f (t − τ)dτ; (Ans 39: f (t) = 81 et + 34 tet + 41 t 2 et − 18 e−t )
0
Z t
4. f (t) + 2 f (τ) cos(t − τ)dτ = 4e−t + sint; (Ans 40: f (t) = 4e−t − 7te−t + 4t 2 e−t )
0
Z t
5. f (t) + f (τ)dτ = 1; (Ans 41: f (t) = e−t )
0
Z t
6. f (t) = cost + e−τ f (t − τ)dτ; (Ans 42: f (t) = cost + sint)
0
Z t
7. f (t) = 1 +t + 83 (t − τ)3 f (τ)dτ; (Ans 43: f (t) = 18 e−2t + 38 e2t + 12 cos 2t + 14 sin 2t)
0
Z t
8. t − 2 f (t) = (eτ − e−τ ) f (t − τ)dτ; (Ans 44: f (t) = 12 t − 12
1 3
t )
0
Z t
9. y′ (t) = 1 − sint − y(τ)dτ; y(0) = 0; (Ans 45: y(t) = sint − 21 t sint)
0
Z t
dy
10. dt + 6y(t) + 9 y(τ)dτ = 1; y(0) = 0; (Ans 46: y(t) = te−3t )
0

Compiled by Denzel Wei 3

4.6 System of DE
1.
dx
= x′ = −x + y
dt
dy
= y′ = 2x
dt
x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1
1 1 2 1
Ans 1: x = et − e−2t , y = et + e−2t
3 3 3 3
2.

d2x
+x−y = 0
dt 2
d2y
+y−x = 0
dt 2

x(0) = 0, x′ (0) = −2, y(0) = 0, y′ (0) = 1

1 3 √ 1 3 √
Ans 7: x = − t − √ sin 2t, y = − t + √ sin 2t
2 2 2 2 2 2
3.

x′′ + x′ + y′ = 0
y′′ + y′ − 4x′ = 0

x(0) = 1, x′ (0) = 0, y(0) = −1, y′ (0) = 5

1
Ans 8: x = e−t cos 2t + e−t sin 2t, y = −e−t cos 2t + 2e−t sin 2t
2
4.

dx d3y
− 4x + 3 = 6 sint
dt dt
dx d3y
+ 2x − 2 3 = 0
dt dt

x(0) = 0, y(0) = 0, y′ (0) = 0, y′′ (0) = 0

4 4 8 1 6 8
Ans 10: x = e2t − cost − sint, y = 1 − 2t − 2t 2 + e2t − cost + sint
5 5 5 5 5 5

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Compiled by Denzel Wei 4