1.
6: Determining the end behaviors of
polynomial functions
This note is set to determine the end behavior of any given polynomial function using the
sign of the leading coefficient and the degree of the function.
End Behaviour
End behaviour is a description of the general direction (up or down) in which the graph
goes on the left or right side of the origin. It is determined by the direction in which the
arrows at the ends of the graph are pointing.
• Looked at as the same as the leading coefficient and degree graphs
∞ of Graph
As x increases to infinity, the y-values approach negative infinity
(graph →)
As x decreases to negative infinity, the y-values also approach
negative infinity
Domain and Range
- domain is the set of all possible x-values for a given function
- range is the set of all possible y-values for a given function
Set and Interval Notation
Domain and range can be stated using either set notation or interval notation in various ways
Cartesian plane quadrants
The axis and the axis divide the Cartesian plane into four regions and
these regions are called quadrants
Practice Questions:
1. Describe the general behaviour of the functions on the left and on the right of the origin.
2. The end behaviour of the functions in your notebook.
3. Imagine sketching each of the graphs on the left, your hand would move from which quadrant to
which quadrant?
4. What can you say about the domain and range of the group of functions?
Odd degree polynomial function with a negative leading coefficient
1. Going up from the middle, down from the m middle
2. Up/Down
3. Quad 2 to Quad 4
4. Both domain and range are not restricted because, for any value of x, there is
a corresponding value of y, infinite on both ends
odd degree polynomial functions with a positive leading coefficient
1. Down from middle, up from middle
2. Down/Up
3. Quad 1 to 3
4. Both domain and range are not restricted because, for any value of x,
there is a corresponding value of y, infinite on both ends
even degree polynomial functions with a negative leading coefficient
1. Down from middle, both directions
2. Down/Down
3. Quad 3 to 4
4. Domain is not restricted and is infinite, range is restricted as it’s
everything below the maximum value of y
even degree polynomial functions with a positive leading coefficient
1. Up from middle, both directions
2. Up/Up
3. Quad 1 to 2
4. Domain is not restricted and is infinite, range is restricted as it’s
everything below the minimum value of y
Practice Questions
The domain and range of and odd degree function are not restricted {D=x€R} & {R=y€R}
The domain of a positive degree function is not restricted {D=x€R}
The range of a positive degree function is affected by the direction of opening, and the maximum or
minimum value.