EUM113 PYQ_2018_SOLN

1(a)Find the limit of

n+1 n+1
3 +9
lim n n
n→∞ 3 -9
n+1 2(n + 1)
3 +3
lim n 2n
n→∞ 3 -3

3
n+1
(1 + 3n + 1)
= lim
3 (1 - 3 )
n n
n→∞

3(1 + 3 )
n+1
= lim n
n→∞ 1-3

d
dn
(3+3
n+2
)
= lim d
L'Hospital's Rule
n→∞
dn
(1 - 3n)

9(3 )
n
= lim n
n→∞ -3

= lim - 9
n→∞

= -9

(b)Differentiate
y = 23x + 1 ln(5x - 15)
u = 23x + 1 , v = ln(5x - 15)
5 1
u' = 3ln(2)(23x + 1), v' = =
5x - 15 x-3
dy
dx
= (2
3x + 1
x-3 ( )
) 1 + (ln(5x - 15))(3ln2(x3x + 1))
3x + 1
dy 2
+ 3ln(2)(x )ln(5x - 15)
3x + 1
=
dx x-3

(c)Simpson's rule Formula given

π
4
i. ∫0
x sin x dx , 10 subintervals
 π
-0
4 π
h= 10
=
40

π
40
3

f(0) + 4f ( π ) + 2f( π ) + 4f( π ) + 2f( π ) + 4f( π ) + 2f( π ) + 4f( π ) + 2f( π ) + 4f( π )

40 20
3
40 10 8
3
20
7
40 5
9
40

π
=
120

0 + 0.02464865187 + 0.04914533661 + 0.220017072 + 0.1941611039 + 0.6011177299 + 0.42

= 0.151745934

ii. Newton Raphson's method formula given

f(xn)
xn + 1 = xn -
f'(xn)
x3 - x - 1 = 0
Let f(x) = x3 - x - 1
f'(x) = 3x2 - 1
Let x0 = 1.5
f(x0) 31
x1 = x0 - =
f'(x0) 23

x2 = 1.325200399
x3 = 1.324718174
x4 = 1.324717957
x5 = 1.324717957
x = 1.3247

(d) Lagrange Multipiers

i. f(x,y) = 4xy, ellipse 4x2 + 2y2 = 16, find min & max points
main, f(x,y) = 4xy
constraint, g(x,y), 4x2 + 2y2 = 16
y
fx = λgx → 4y = λ(8x) → λ =
2x

x
fy = λgy → 4x = λ(4y) → λ =
y
y x
= → y2 = 2 x 2
2x y
sub y2 = 2x2 into g(x,y)
4x + 2 (2x ) = 16
2 2

2
8x = 16
x2 = 2
x = ±√ 2
2 2
4x + 2y = 16

when x = √ 2 , y = ± 2
when x = - √ 2 , y = ± 2
∴ (√ 2 , 2),(√ 2 , - 2),( -√ 2 , 2),(-√ 2 , - 2)
f(x,y) = 4xy
∴ CP1 (√ 2 , 2) → f(√ 2 , 2) = 8√ 2 (max)
CP2(√ 2 , - 2) → f(√ 2 , - 2) = - 8√ 2 (min)
CP3( -√ 2 , 2) → f( -√ 2 , 2) = - 8√ 2 (min)
CP4( -√ 2 , - 2) → f( -√ 2 , - 2) = 8√ 2 (max)

ii. Completing the square method

x 2 + y 2 + z2 4
- 2x + y - 2z = 11
3 3

x2 + y2 + z2 - 6x + 4y - 6z = 33
x2 - 6x + y2 + 4y + z2 - 6z = 33
6 2 6 2 4 2 4 2 6 2 6 2
2
x - 6x + - ( ) - ( - ) + y + 4y + ( ) - ( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
( ) - (- )
+ z - 6z + -
2 2
= 33

(x - 3)2 - 9 + (y + 2)2 - 4 + (z - 3)2 - 9 = 33

(x - 3)2 + (y + 2)2 + (z - 3)2 = 55
compare:
x - 3 = 0, y + 2 = 0, z - 3 = 0, r2 = 55
x = 3, y = - 2, z = 3, r = √ 55
∴ centre = (3, - 2, 3), radius = √ 55
 Z

- -
- 3
q
- -

'
-2

"
"

2(a)Separable differential equation

dy
= cos 5x
dx
dy = cos 5x dx

∫dy = ∫cos 5x dx
1
y= 5
sin 5x + C

(b)Bernoulli equation
dy 2
+ y = ( - x cos x)y
2 2
dx x
Let z = y1 - 2
z = y-1
dy 1 dz
y-2 =
dx 1 - 2 dx

dy dz
y-2 = -
dx dx
dy 2 -1
y-2 + y = ( - x cos x)
2
dx x
dz 2 2
- + z = - x cos x
dx x
dz 2 2
- z = x cos x
dx x
2
p(x) = - , q(x) = x2 cos x
x
∫ - x dx 2

μ=e
= e - 2ln x
-2
=eln x
-2
=x
z(x - 2) = ∫(x )(x cos x)dx -2 2

zx - 2 = ∫cos x dx

zx - 2 = sin x + c
z = y-1
1
= sin x + c
x2 y
1
∴ y=
x2 (sin x + c)

(c)Exact differential equation

(3x2 - 2xy + 2)dx + (6y2 - x2 + 3)dy = 0
M = 3x2 - 2xy + 2, N = 6y2 - x2 + 3
δM δN
= - 2x, = - 2x
δy δx
δM δN
∴ = , exact equation
δy δx

F(x, y) = ∫N dy + g(x)
= ∫6 y 2
-x +3
2
dy + g(x)
3 2
= 2y - x y + 3y + g(x)
δF
= - 2xy + g'(x)
δx
δF
M=
δx
3x - 2xy + 2 = - 2xy + g'(x)
2

g'(x) = 3x2 + 2
g(x) = ∫3 x 2
+2 dx

g(x) = x3 + 2x + C1
F(x,y) = C
3 2
2y - x y + 3y + x3 + 2x + C1 = C
3 2 3
∴ 2y - x y + 3y + x + 2x = k, where k = C - C1
 (d)Linear differential equation
dy
+ 2y tan x = sin x, y(π) = 0
dx
p(x) = 2 tan x, q(x) = sin x

μ=e
∫2 tan x dx
= e - 2ln(cos x)
-2

= eln(cos x)
= cos - 2 x
y(cos - 2 x) = ∫(cos -2
x)(sin x) dx
y sin x
cos2 x
= ∫ cos2 x
dx

u = cos x
du du
= - sin x, dx =
dx - sin x

y
cos2 x
= ∫ - u1 du 2

y 1
= +c
cos2 x cos x

y = cos x + c(cos2 x)
y(π) = 0
cos(π) + c(cos2 (π)) = 0
-1+c = 0
c=1
2
∴ y = cos x + cos x

3(a)

d2 y dy - 2x
+ 5 + 6y = e
dx 2
dx
i. undetermined coefficient
r2 + 5 r + 6 = 0
(r + 3)(r + 2) = 0
r = - 3, r = - 2
yc = C1e - 3x + C2e - 2x
yp = A e - 2 x
yp ' = - 2 A e - 2 x
yp '' = 4Ae - 2x
+ 5( - 2Ae ) + 6 Ae - 2 x = e - 2 x
- 2x - 2x
4 Ae
- 2x - 2x - 2x
4 Ae - 10Ae + 6 Ae = e - 2x
0= e - 2x
can't find A so multiple x
yp = Axe - 2x
u = x, v = Ae - 2x
u' = 1, v' = - 2Ae - 2x
yp ' = - 2xAe - 2x + Ae - 2x
u = x, v = - 2Ae - 2x
u' = 1, v = 4Ae - 2x
yp '' = 4xAe - 2x - 2Ae - 2x - 2Ae - 2x = 4xAe - 2x - 4Ae - 2x
(4xAe - 2x - 4Ae - 2x) + 5(- 2xAe - 2x + Ae - 2x) + 6Axe - 2x = e - 2x
Ae - 2 x = e - 2 x
A=1
yp = x e - 2 x
∴ ya = yc + yp
ya = C1e - 3x + C2e - 2x + xe - 2x

ii. variation of parameter

yc = C1e - 3x + C2e - 2x
Find Wronskian:
e - 2x e - 3x
W(e - 2x
,e )=
- 3x
- 2x - 3x
- 2e - 3e

- ( - 2e )
- 5x - 5x
= - 3e
- 5x
= -e

y'' + p(x)y' + q(x)y = f(x)

y'' + 5y' + 6y = e - 2x
f(x) = e - 2x
u1 ' = W1|W, u2 = W2|W
 0 e - 3x
W1 =
e - 2x - 3 e - 3x
- 5x
= -e

e - 2x 0
W2 =
- 2x
- 2e e - 2x
= e - 4x
- 5x
W1 -e
u1 ' = = - 5x
=1
W -e

W2 e - 4x x
u2 ' = = = -e
W -e - 5 x

u1 = ∫1 dx = x
= ∫ - e dx = - e
x x
u2
yp = u 1 y1 + u 2 y2
y1 = e - 2 x , y2 = e - 3 x
yp = (x)(e - 2x) + ( - ex)(e - 3x)
yp = x e - 2 x - e - 2 x
∴ ya = yc + yp
ya = C1e - 3x + C2e - 2x + xe - 2x - e - 2x
ya = C1e - 3x + (C2 - 1)e - 2x + xe - 2x
Comment similarities or differences:
The result are similar except for the constants of e - 2x (C2 - 1 and C2) but
it does not matter, hence it is still the same form of general solution.

(b)Laplace Transform method formula given

y'' + 4y = e - t , y(0) = 2, y'(0) = 1
L{y'' + 4y} = L{e - t}
L{y''} + 4L{y} = L{e - t}
Let L{y} = Y(s)
1
(s2 Y(s) - 2s - 1) + 4Y(s) = s - ( - 1)
 1
Y(s)(s2 + 4) - 2s - 1 =
s+1
1 2s + 1
Y(s) = +
(s + 1)(s 2
+ 4) (s2 + 4)
1 + (2s + 1)(s + 1)
=
(s + 1)(s2 + 4)
2
2s + 3s + 2
=
(s + 1)(s2 + 4)
2
2s + 3s + 2 A Bs + C
= +
(s + 1)(s2 + 4) s+1 s2 + 4
2
2s + 3s + 2 = A(s2 + 4) + (s + 1)(Bs + C)
when s = - 1,
1 = 5A
1
A=
5

when s = 0,
4
2= +C
5

6
C=
5

when s = 1,
7=5 () (1
5
+2 B+
6
5 )
9
B= 5
2
2s + 3s + 2 1 9s + 6
= +
(s + 1)(s2 + 4) 5(s + 1) 5(s + 4)
2

1 9s 6
Y(s) = + +
5(s + 1) 5(s + 4) 5(s + 4)
2 2

Y(s) = L{y}

y = L-1 {( 5
1
s + 1)
+
9s
5(s + 4)
2
+
6
5(s + 4)
2 }
1 9 3
∴ y= e-t + cos(2t) + sin(2t)
5 5 5

(c)Euler's method formula given

dy -y
= 3 xe subject to y(0) = 2
dx
h = 0.1 approximate y(0.4)
compare exact solution of ey = 1.5x2 + c
yn + 1 = yn + hf(xn , yn) where h = xn + 1 - xn
f(x, y) = 3xe - y
yn + 1 = yn + h(3xe - y)
when n = 0, x0 = 0, y0 = 2, h = 0.1
y1 = y0 + h(3x0 e - y )
0

= 2 + 0.1(0)
=2
when n = 1, x1 = 0.1, y1 = 2, h = 0.1
y2 = y1 + h(3x1 e - y )
1

= 2 + 0.1(3(0.1)e )
-2

= 2.004060058
y3 = 2.012147274
y4 = 2.024180389
n = 4, x4 = 0.4, y4 = 2.024180389, h = 0.1
y5 = 2.040032637
∴ y(0.4) = 2.04003(5d.p)
ey = 1.5x2 + c
when y(0) = 2
e2 = 1.5 (02) + c
c = e2
x = 0 .4
ey = 1.5x2 + e2
ln ey = ln (1.5x2 + e2)
y = 2.031964128 = 2.03196(5d.p)

%error when x = 0.4 → (.

2 04003 - 2.03196
2.03196 ) × 100%

= 0.3972%
4(a)Chainrule
T moving along the curve of intersection
x2 y2
parabola: 16
-
9
= z
cylinder: x2 + y2 = 5
cm
increasing rate: 7
s
z changeing when x = 5cm, and y = 3cm
dz δz dx δz dy
= × + ×
dt δx dt δy dt
δz 1 δz 2
parabola: = x, = - y,
δx 8 δy 9

dx
=7
dt
dy dy dt
= ×
dx dt dx

2x + 2y ( dydx ) =0

dy x
= -
dx y
x dy dt
- = ×
y dt dx
x dy 1
- = ×
y dt 7

dy 7x
= -
dt y
dz δz dx δz dy
= × + ×
dt δx dt δy dt

= ( x )(7) + (- y)( - yx )
8
2
9
7

7x 14x
= +
8 9

x = 5, y = 3
dz 35 70
= +
dt 8 9

875
=
72
 = 12.153 cms - 1

(b)
surface: y = x2
plane: x + z = 4, z = 0
x + 0 = 4, x = 4
z = 4-x is i
4^-2 - - - -

4-
k y
47%7=4
-

g,
"
4 >a
"

or 4

"

µ y

x2 y2 z2
∫ ∫ ∫ dz dy dx
x1 y1 z1
2
x x 4 4-
=∫ ∫ ∫ dz dy dx
0 0 0
2
x 4
= ∫ ∫ 4 - x dy dx
0 0
4
= ∫ 4x - x dx
2 3
0

3 4
4x x4
= -
3 4 0

64
=
3

= 21.3333

(c)Newton's Law of Cooling

u(t), c(t) (usually outside will higher than inside)
dT
i. ∝ c(t) - u(t)
dt
dT
= k(c(t) - u(t))
dt

Let f(t) = c(t) - u(t)

dT
∴ = kf(t)
dt
ii.Temperature in a building : u(t)

c(t) = 33 - 10cos ( πt ), 0 ≤ t ≤ 24
12

initial temperature = 30
constant of proportionality = 0.25
du
dt
= k 33 - 10cos
π
12
t -u ( )
u(0) = 30, k = 0.25
du
dt
+ ku = k 33 - 10cos
π
12( ) linear differential equation
t

p(x) = k, q(x) = k 33 - 10cos( t)

π
12

μ=e
∫k dt
μ = ekt

u(ekt) = ∫ekt k 33 - 10cos( 12π t) dt

u(ekt) = ∫e . t(8.25 - 2.5cos( πt12 )) dt

0 25

t t
u(e kt ) = ∫8.25e 4
- 2 .5 e
4
cos ( πt ) dt
12
t t
cos( ) dt
πt
u(e kt
)= 1
1
8.25e
4
- ∫ 2 .5 e 4
12
4

( ) = 33e
t t t
ue 4 4
- 2 .5 ∫ 4
e cos ( )dtπt
12

∫fg' = fg - ∫f'g
t

f = cos ( ), g' = e
πt
12
4

f' =
- πsin ( πt ) , g = 4e
12
t
4
12

( ) = 33e ( πt ) e
( )(4e ) - ∫
t t t - πsin t
4 4 πt 4 12 4
ue - 2 .5 cos dt
12 3

f=
- πsin ( πt ) , g' = e
12
t
4
3
f' =
-π
2
cos ( πt ) , g = 4e
12
t
4

36
t

( ) = 33e
t t t - 4e
4
πsin ( πt ) -π
2
cos ( πt ) t

ue 4 4
- 2 .5 4 e
4
cos ( )-πt
12 3
12
+ ∫ 9
12
e dt 4

( ) = 33e
t t t - 4e 4
πsin ( πt ) - π t

( )- ( πt )dt
2
πt
ue 4 4
- 2 .5 4 e
4
cos
12 3
12
9 ∫e 4
cos
12
t t
πe 4 sin ( )
πt
e 4 cos ( πt ) t
t 12
+
12
12e
4
(πsin( πt ) + 3cos( πt ))
∫e 4
cos ( πt ) =
12
12
π 2

+
1
4
=
12
2
π +9
12

144 16

( ) (∫e cos( )d)

t t t
πt
u e 4 = 33e 4 - 2.5 4
12

( )
t

( )
t
u e 4 = 33e 4 - 2.5
t 12e
4
(πsin( πt ) + 3cos( πt ))
12 12
+C
π2 + 9

(πsin( πt ) + 3cos( πt ))
u = 33 - 2.5 ( 12
12

π2 + 9
12
) +C

u(0) = 30

(πsin( π ) + 3cos( π ))
( )
0 0
12
12 12
30 = 33 - 2.5 +C
π2 + 9

C = 2 .5 (π ) 36
2
+9
-3

2
63 - 3π
C=
π2 + 9

(πsin( πt ) + 3cos( πt ))
∴ u(t) = 33 - 2.5 ( 12
12

π2 + 9
12
) +
63 - 3π
π2 + 9
2