MASS TRANSFER OPERATION-II
LABORATORY MANUAL
CONTENTS
Sr. no. Aim
1 To obtain rate of drying curve for a cross circulation drying of wood under constant drying
condition.
2 To study the adsorption operation for two stage adsorption of oxalic acid from dilute solution of
oxalic acid on activated charcoal.
3 To perform the Differential distillation experiment to verify Raleigh’s equation by comparing
with Actual values.
4 To study the humidification operation and calculate all the terminology’s used for air – water
contact operation.
5 To plot Fraction of Charge of Distillates V/S Residue Compo.& temperature of distillations for
experiment 3.
6 To study cooling tower.
7 To study drying equipment.
EXPERIMENT 1
AIM: -To obtain rate of drying curve for drying of wood under constant drying condition.
APPARATUS: - Wooden block, drier, weighing scale etc.
CHEMICALS: - Water
THEORY: - Discuss in brief about cross circulation drying.
PROCEDURE:-
1. Weigh the dry wood piece.
2. Weigh the wood piece after it is soaked with water.
3. Put the wood piece in dryer at 80°C.
4. Switch ON the dryer and measure the weight of the wood piece after every 2 minute interval &
again put it back in the dryer.
5. Note down observation & do the necessary calculation.
OBSERVATION :-
1. Weight of wooden dry piece = ____________
2. Surface Area = ______________
3. Weight of wet wooden piece = ______________
OBSERVATION TABLE:-
Time in Wt. Of Wt. of Wt. of X= a / Ss N = Ss.ΔX / A. Δϴ
Min Dry solid( Ss) Wetsoli Moisture (a)
(ϴ) d
CALCULATION:-
1. X = Weight of Moisture (a) / Weight of dry wood (b)
2. Area (A) = Wet surface over which the gas blows and through which evaporation takes place.
3. N = Ss / A * dx/dө where dx/dө is Slope
Plot Graph:- 1. X vs Ө, 2. N vs Ө, 3.N vs X
RESULT:-
1. Wt. of dry wooden piece = ___________________
2. Wt. of Wet wooden piece = ___________________
3. Total water evaporated = __________________
CONCLUSION:-
EXPERIMENT 2
AIM: -To study the cross current adsorption operation for two stage adsorption of oxalic acid from dilute
solution of oxalic acid on activated charcoal.
APPARATUS: -Glass beaker, Measuring cylinder, conical flask, Titration set etc.
CHEMICALS: - Oxalic acid, 1N NaOH , Activated charcoal
THEORY: - Discuss in brief about cross current for two stage adsorption.
PROCEDURE:-
1. Clean all the glass ware.
2. Take 100 ml 0.5 N oxalic acid in a beaker.
3. Add 5 gm of activated charcoal to the beaker and stir it well and allow it to stand for 15 mins, for
adsorption of oxalic acid on charcoal.
4. Filter the mixture. Measure the volume of filtrate and titrate it against 1 N NaOH solution.
5. Add 5 gm of more charcoal to remaining filtrate, titrate and repeat the above steps.
6. Note down the observations and perform the necessary calculations using data obtaining isotherm
equation.
OBSERVATION:-
1. Feed = 100 ml of 0.5 N Oxalic cid
= Mass of Oxalic acid
Weight of solvent
= Normality * gm eq. weight
1000 - (Normality * gm/cc)
2. Activated Charcoal stage 1
Ss1=
3. Volume taken for titration=
4. Burette reading =
OBSERVATION TABLE :-
Sr.No. Oxalic Acid 0.5 N (ml) Water (ml) Normality of titrate y*= N * gmeq wt.
100 – (N * gm)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CALCULATION :-
Normality of titrate
N2= N1V1
V2
Equivalent (titration y1= )
Mass of solvent water Ls1= used
Cs
Volume of operating line =
Ls
y 0− y 1
Stage Efficiency =
y 0− y∗¿ ¿
RESULT :-
Stage Efficiency in 1st stage =
Stage Efficiency in 2nd stage=
CONCLUSION :-
EXPERIMENT 3
AIM: -To Perform the Differential distillation experiment to verify Raleigh’s equation by comparing with
Actual values.
CHEMICALS: - 2 N NaOH, Acetic acid, water
THEORY: - Discuss in brief about Differential Distillation .
PROCEDURE:-
1. Clean all the apparatus& connect all the components tightly to avoid leakage.
2. Take 500 ml Acetic acid& 500 ml water in the distillate chamber.
3. Fill the steam generator with water up to 75% of it’s height & switch on the heater.
4. Do not open the steam supply valves loading to either distillation kettle or jacket.
5. Flow open to jacket valve & allow the steam to enter into jacket to heat the distillation mixture.
6. Start the dip water circulation through the condensers.
7. The flow of steam is started through the dip pipe into the distillation kettle.
8. The distillate collected in the separator chamber separate into two organic layer& an aqueous
layer the two phases are then separately weighed. Similarly the components in the bottom are
weighted after ending at the experiment.
9. Collect the distillation measuring cylinder take 100 ml distillate & titrate it against 2 N NaOH
solutions.
OBSERVATION :-
1. volume of feed =
2. volume of A.A. solu. As feed =
3. density of Acetic acid at 25 °C =
4. Sp.Gravity Of Distillate =
5. Sp.Gravity Of Residue =
6. volume of distillate =
7. volume of residue =
FOR TITRATION :-
1. Burette :- 2N NaOH solution
2. Pipette :- 10 ml Distillate / Residue
3. Indicator :- Phenolphthalein
4. EndPoint :- Colorless to pink
CALCULATION :-
(A) Feed Analysis:-
1. Wt. Of Acetic Acid in Feed = V1 * Sp. gravity of Distillate
------------------------------------
M.Wt. of Acetic Acid
2. 2. Wt. Of Water in Feed = V1 * Sp.gravity of Distillate
------------------------------------
M.Wt. of Water
3. Total Mass Of Feed =
4. Mole Fraction of Water in Feed
(xF) = mole of water in feed
--------------------------------
Mole of Feed
(B) Distillate Analysis :-
1. Normality of Distillate N1V1 = N2V2
2. Mass of Acetic Acid in Distillate
= N * Eq.Wt. * Volume of Distillate
3. Moles of A.A. in distillate = Mass of A.A.
-----------------
Mole.Wt. of A.A.
4. Mass of water in Distillate = (mass of Distillate) - ( mass Of Acetic Acid)
5. Moles of water in Distillate = mass of Water
--------------------
M.Wt. Of water
6. Total Moles of Distillate (D) = moles of Water
-----------------------
Moles of distillate
(C) RESIDUE ANALYSIS :-
1. Normality of residue before dilution N2V2 = N1V1
2. Mass Of Acetic Acid in Residue= N * Eq.Wt. * Volume of Residue
3. Mole of Acetic Acid in Residue = Mass of A.A.
----------------
Mole.Wt. of A.A
4. Mass of water in Residue = (mass of Residue) - ( mass Of Acetic Acid)
5. Moles water in Residue = mass of Water
--------------------
M.Wt. Of water
6. Total Moles of Residue (w) = moles of Water
-----------------------
Moles of Residue
RESULT :-
1. Total Moles of Distillate (D) = ___________________
2. Total Moles of Residue (w) = ___________________
CONCLUSION :-
EXPERIMENT 4
AIM: -To study the humidification operation and calculate all the terminology’s used for air – water
contact operation.
Apparatus: - Thermometer, Cotton, Beaker Etc.
Theory: -Discuss in briefabout Humidification, Absolutehumidity, Molal Absolute humidity, Wet& Dry
bulb temperature, Relative saturation &percentage saturation, Humid Volume& humid heat , Dew point
etc..
Procedure:-
1. Arrange all the apparatus.
2. From the thermometernote the room temp.
3. Stick a Cotton at the mercury surface for another measurement as it is a wet bulb
temperature.
4. Pour the water & dip the thermometer in it.
5. Do the necessary calculation.
Result:-
1. Absolutehumidity :-
2. Molalabsolute humidity :-
3. Relative Saturation :-
4. Percentage saturation :-
5. Humid Volume :-
6. Humid Heat :-
Conclusion :-
EXPERIMENT 5
Aim: -To plot Fraction of Charge of Distillates V/S Residue Compo.& temperature of distillations for
experiment 3.
(gtu 6b) (alternate feed)
EXPERIMENT 6
Aim: - To study cooling tower.
EXPERIMENT 7
Aim: - To study drying equipment.
*Miscellaneous
To measure the vapor pressure of acetone and calculate latent heat of vaporization.
To verify Henry's Law for Steam Distillation.
