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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Atomic Structure
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Atomic Structure
First Edition, 2020

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ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers:
Editors: Dr Neolita Sarabia
Reviewers: Dr . Vida A Encarquez
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Dr Joseph Irwin Lagura
Dr. Vida A. Encarquez
Name of Division EPS In Charge of LR- Dr. Neolita Sarabia
Name of Regional ADM Coordinator
Name of CID Chief: Dr. Beatriz C Luga

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Tagbilaran City Schools Division

Office Address: Rajah Sikatuna St Dampas District

Tagbilaran City
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Atomic Structure

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (Science 8) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

( Atomic Structure) !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
 Notes to the Teacher
This module which uses the 7Es is based
on the MELC set by the Department of
Education. This serves as your guide in
teaching your learners using the
differentiated learning strategies that will
help you in guiding your learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. locate the atomic number in a periodic table;

2. identify the subatomic particles associated with mass number;
3. determine the number of neutrons from the mass number;
4. define an isotope;
5. interpret shorthand notations for isotopes and atoms;
6. infer that ions are formed from the removal or addition of electron/s;
7. evaluate the overall electrical charge of an atom; and
8. make an inventory of subatomic particles of a given element.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Atomic

Structure!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

 This will give you an idea of the skills or
What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use your Science Notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is contains one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Atoms: Inside Out

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. locate the atomic number in a periodic table;

2. identify the subatomic particles associated with mass number;
3. determine the number of neutrons from the mass number;
4. define an isotope;
5. interpret shorthand notations for isotopes and atoms;
6. infer that ions are formed from the removal or addition of electron/s;
7. evaluate the overall electrical charge of an atom; and
8. make an inventory of subatomic particles of a given element.
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What are electrons?

a. Positively charged particles.
b. Neutrally charged particles.
c. Negatively charged particles.
d. Uncharged particles.

2. What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

a. Electrons and Neutrons
b. Protons and Electrons
c. Electrons and Isotopes
d. Protons and Neutrons

3. The average mass of an atom of an element is known as   

a. Isotope
b. Atomic Mass
c. Atomic Number
d. Molecular Weight

4. Electrons are negatively charged particles of an atom. They are found

orbiting
a. inside the nucleus
b. together with the protons
c. outside the nucleus
d. within the neutron

5. The atomic mass is equal to the number of _______

a. Protons and electrons
b. Protons and positrons
c. Protons and neutrons
d. Electrons and leptons

6. These are atoms of the same number of protons but of different number of
neutrons.
a. Nucleus
b. Isotopes
c. Neutrons
d. Ions
Lesson

1 Atoms: Inside Out

Overview

In module 1, you learned that matter is made up of atoms which are too small to
see with the unaided eye or even with the use of the ordinary light microscope.
When the idea of the atom was conceived by the ancient Greek philosophers, they
thought the atom is indivisible, that it has no parts.

What’s In

Atoms are best described through different atomic models. After a series of
experiments and observations, the models have revealed the composition of an
atom. Atoms are made primarily of three subparticles such as the proton, electron
and neutron. The proton (p+) has an electrical charge of positive one (+1) and is
stable by itself. The neutron (n◦) has no net electrical charge. Both proton and
neutron make up the nucleus of an atom. The lectron (e-) has an electrical charge
of negative one (-1). Electrons are smaller than neutrons and protons, and are
found revolving somewhere around outside the nucleus.

Notes to the Teacher

Notes to the Teacher
This module which uses the 7Es is based
on the MELC set by the Department of
Education. This serves as your guide in
teaching your learners using the
differentiated learning strategies that will
help you in guiding your learners.

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 What’s New

Subatomic Particles, Ions and Isotopes

Definition:
Mass number = the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom
gives the mass of the atom
Isotopes = atoms of the same element may have the same atomic number but
with different atomic mass
Cation = the ion with positive charge which is formed when the electron is
removed from an atom
Anion = the ion with negative charge which is formed when the electron is added
to an atom
Atomic number = element’s distinctive number of protons; represents the number
of electron in the same element

What is It

All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons and electrons. All
atoms of a given element have the same atomic number. The atoms of different
elements have different number of protons as well as atomic number. The aomic
number serves as the “numerical identity” of the element.

The mass of an atom is based on the weight of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus. Therefore, the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom
gives the mass of the atom called mass number. Atoms of the same element may
have the same atomic number, but the atomic mass may differ. Thus, these kinds
of atoms are called isotopes, and an atom of aspecific isotope is called nuclide.
The isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons, and these isotopes
are identified by their mass number. Formulas below are made to give us the
summary.

For neutral atom,

Number of protons = Number of electrons = Atomic number

Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons

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Number of neutron = Atomic number – Mass number

Short hand Notation 3 Atomic Number

Element Symbol
Li
Mass Number
6.941

Let us take the atom of Lithium as an example.

Looking at the figure, lithium has an atomic number equal to three. This means
that lithium has a total number of electrons equal to three and has protons equal
to three as well.

Now, how do we get the number of neutrons of lithium? Simply subtract its mass
number with its number of protons. Since lithium has mass number equal to
seven, therefore lithium’s number of neutrons is equal to four.

Li atomic number = 3

mass number = 6.941 (rounded off to 7)

p+ = 3 (same with atomic number)

e- = 3 (same with proton number)

n◦ = mass number – number of p+

=7–3

=4

Look at the table for some more examples.

Element Atomic Mass # p+ # e- # n◦

Number Number
Magnesium 12 24 12 12 12
Cobalt 27 59 27 27 32
Argon 18 40 18 18 22

Shorthand notations for the isotopes

12 11 Atomic Number

C-23 Na-20 Isotope

Element Symbol
Carbon Sodium
23 20
Mass Number
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 What’s More

Activity 1- A. Fill in the numbers of proton, neutron, electron, atomic number

and atomic mass in the table.

Atom Proton Neutron Electron Atomic Number Atomic Mass

Carbon 6
Magnesium
Oxygen 8
Helium 2
Argon 18
Lithium 3
Hydrogen 1
Sodium 11
Titanium
Copper 29
Cobalt 27
Fluorine 9
Chlorine 17
Radon
Gallium
Aluminum
Silicon 14
Chromium 24

Activity 1-B. Fill in the element name, numbers of proton, neutron,

electron, atomic number and mass in the table.

Isotope Element Proton Neutron Electron Atomic Atomic

Number Mass

C - 10
O - 16 8

What I Have Learned

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1. Atoms is smallest individual part of an element. It is composed of
subatomic particles like protons, eectrons and neutrons.

2. The number of protons in an atom is called atomic number. The number of

electrons, protons and atomic number in an atom of the same element are
the same .

3. Atomic number is the atom’s numeric identity. No two atoms have the same
atomic number.

4. An atom or group of atoms, when charged or has a net electrical charge, is

called ion. Cations are those positively charged while anion are those
negatively charged.

5. Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons are called isotopes. Atomic mass is the weighted average masses
of the isotopes of an element.

6. The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. The sum of the
numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom gives the mass of the atom.

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 What I Can Do

I. Complete the table below.

II. Refer to the periodic table at the end of this module. Provide what is being asked
in the questins below.
1. What is the element with an atomic number of 15?
2. How many protons does the atom of this element have?
3. How many protons are there in an atom of aluminum?
4. Which element has the smallest number of protons in its atom?
5. How many protons are there in the C-12 isotope? How about the number of
neutrons?
6. How many protons are there in the C-13 isotope? How about the number of
neutrons?
7. What is the atomic mass of magnesium (Mg)? How about for potassium (K)?

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on
your Science notebook.
1. Which of the following is the basic unit of matter?
a. Particle b. Atom c. Molecule d. Cell

2. What are electrons?

a. Positively charged particles. c. Neutrally charged particles.
b. Negatively charged particles. d. Uncharged particles.

3. What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

a. Electrons and Neutrons c. Protons and Electrons
b. Electrons and Isotopes d. Protons and Neutrons
4. The average mass of an atom of an element is known as
a. Isotope c. Atomic number
b. Atomic mass d. Molecular weight
5. Electrons are negatively charged particles of an atom. They are found
orbiting _______________.
a. inside the nucleus c. outside the nucleus
b. together with the protons d. within the neutron

6.The atomic mass is equal to the number of _______

a. Protons and neutrons c. Protons and electrons

b. Protons and positrons d. Electrons and leptons

7. These are atoms of the same number of protons but of different number of
neutrons.
a. Nucleus b. Isotopes c. Neutrons d. Ions

8. How are neutrons different from protons and electrons?

a. They are more massive than protons and electron.
b. They have no electrical charge.
c. They are less massive than protons and electrons.
d. Protons and electrons exist in atomic nuclei; neutrons orbit the
nucleus in a “cloud”.

9. All of the following particles are a part of an atom except ________.

a. protons b. neutrons c. ions d. electrons

10.Oxygen has 8 protons, what is its atomic number?

a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 16

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 Additional Activities

Using the periodic table or any reference, write the shorthand notation showing
mass number and atomic number for the following elements:

1. Helium
2. Neon
3. Argon
4. Krypton
5. Xenon

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 Answer Key

Neutro
Atom Proton Electron Atomic Number Atomic Mass
n
Carbon 6 6 6 6 12
Magnesium 12 12 12 12 24
Oxygen 8 8 8 8 16
Helium 2 2 2 2 4
Argon 18 18 18 18 36
Lithium 3 3 3 3 6
Hydrogen 1 1 1 1 2
Sodium 11 11 11 11 22
Titanium 22 22 22 22 44
Copper 29 29 29 29 58
Cobalt 27 27 27 27 54
Fluorine 9 9 9 9 18
Chlorine 17 17 17 17 34
Radon 86 86 86 86 172
Gallium 31 31 31 31 62
Aluminum 13 13 13 13 26
Silicon 14 14 14 14 28
Chromium 24 24 24 24 48

What’s More

Isotope Element Proton Neutron Electron Atomic Atomic

Number Mass

C - 10 Carbon 6 4 6 6 10
O - 16 Oxygen 8 8 8 8 16

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 Assessment
1. B
2. B
What I Know 3. D
4. B
1. C 5. C
2. D 6. A
3. B 7. B
4. C 8. B
5. C 9. C
6. B 10.C

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References

1. Science 8 Learner’s Module

2. Science 8 Teacher’s Guide
3. Worktext in Science and Technology Science Links

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