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Phyton-Working With Pixels

This document provides an overview of working with pixels in Python. It discusses conditionals, relational operators, getting and setting individual pixel values by color channel, and manipulating pixels by modifying colors or applying functions to all pixels in an image. Examples are given for decreasing or increasing individual color channels, clearing the blue channel, lightening, darkening, inverting colors, converting to grayscale, and "posterizing" an image. The document concludes with an assignment to create Python functions to modify images in various ways by manipulating pixel colors.

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Evangelika Pirade
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56 views

Phyton-Working With Pixels

This document provides an overview of working with pixels in Python. It discusses conditionals, relational operators, getting and setting individual pixel values by color channel, and manipulating pixels by modifying colors or applying functions to all pixels in an image. Examples are given for decreasing or increasing individual color channels, clearing the blue channel, lightening, darkening, inverting colors, converting to grayscale, and "posterizing" an image. The document concludes with an assignment to create Python functions to modify images in various ways by manipulating pixel colors.

Uploaded by

Evangelika Pirade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Python: Working with pixels

Reminder: Conditionals
if age < 18:
showInformation(“Sorry, not allowed to vote yet.”)
else:
showInformation(“Please select candidate.”)
Relational Operators
•  a>b
•  a<b
•  a == b (equality)
•  a <= b (“less than or equal”)
•  a >= b (“greater than or equal”)
•  != (inequality)
Note: The order of signs matters: =! =< => do not work!
There should be no spaces inside the relational operator, so “a < = b” also
does not work (See also Appendix A.4, p362)
Getting the leading zero into
the filename:
if n < 10:
filename = “swatch0” + str(n) + “.jpg”
else:
filename = “swatch” + str(n) + “.jpg”
Getting the leading zero into
the filename:
if n < 10:
filename = “swatch0” + str(n) + “.jpg”
else: # here we know n >= 10
filename = “swatch” + str(n) + “.jpg”

What if you need more frames?


if n < 10:
filename = “swatch00” + str(n) + “.jpg”
else: # here we know n >= 10
if n < 100: # here n is in the range of 10 … 99
filename = “swatch0” + str(n) + “.jpg”
else: # here we know n >= 100
filename = “swatch” + str(n) + “.jpg”
Examples from lab 11
•  Be sure to review these!
•  Open examples.py in JES
•  Load
•  In the command area, try the functions
Getting at the pixels
getPixel(picture,x,y)
Gets a single pixel – returns pixel at
position x,y of picture
getPixels(picture)
gets all the pixels – returns an array
containing all the pixels of picture
Reminder: Manipulating
Pictures
>>> pic1 = makeEmptyPicture(200,100)
>>> seafoam = makeColor(153, 255, 204)
>>> setAllPixelsToAColor(pic1, seafoam)
>>> addText(pic1,30,50,“hello")
>>> show(pic1)
>>> pic2 = makePicture(pickAFile())
>>> show(pic2)
Links to small images you can use to test your program: eye.jpg, luca.jpg
red=108 green=86 blue=142
y=9
Color:(108,86,142)
Position: (12,9)

x = 12

>>> p = getPixel(picture,12,9)
>>> print p
Pixel, red=108 green=86 blue=142
What can we do with a
pixel p?
•  getRed(p), functions that take
a pixel (p) as input
•  getGreen(p) and return a value
•  getBlue(p) between 0 and 255

•  setRed(p, value) functions that set


the value of pixel
•  setGreen(p, value) (p) to a given value
•  setBlue(p, value) between 0 and 255
We can also get, set, and
modify Colors
•  getColor(p) takes a pixel as input and returns a
Color object with the color at that pixel
•  setColor(p, c) sets the color of pixel (p) as input and
a color (c), then sets the pixel to that color.
•  We also have functions that can makeLighter(c) and
makeDarker(c) an input color
•  Last time we saw that we can also create colors:
–  makeColor(r,g,b) takes red, green, and blue values (in
that order) between 0 and 255, and returns a Color object
–  pickAColor() lets you use a color chooser and returns the
chosen color
red=108 green=86 blue=142
y=9
Color:(108,86,142)
Position: (12,9)

x = 12
>>> pixel=getPixel(picture,12,9)
>>> print pixel
Pixel, red=108 green=86 blue=142
>>> value = getRed(pixel)
>>> setRed (pixel, value+50)
>>> setGreen(pixel, 0)
>>> setBlue(pixel, getBlue(pixel)/2)
red=108
red=158 green=86
Green=0 Blue=121
blue=142
y=9
Color:(108,86,142)
Color:(158,0,121)
Position: (12,9)

x = 12
>>> pixel=getPixel(picture,12,9)
>>> print pixel
Pixel, red=108 green=86 blue=142
>>> value = getRed(pixel)
>>> setRed (pixel, value+50)
>>> setGreen(pixel, 0)
>>> setBlue(pixel, getBlue(pixel)/2)
red=108 green=86 blue=142
y=9
Color:(108,86,142)
Position: (12,9)

x = 12
>>> pixel=getPixel(picture,12,9)
>>> print pixel
Pixel, red=108 green=86 blue=142
>>> redValue = getRed(pixel)
>>> greenValue = getGreen(pixel)
>>> blueValue = getBlue(pixel)
>>> newColor = makeColor(redValue+50, 0, getBlue(pixel)/2)
>>> setColor(pixel, newColor)
red=158 Green=0 Blue=121
y=9
Color:(158,0,121)
Position: (12,9)

x = 12
>>> pixel=getPixel(picture,12,9)
>>> print pixel
Pixel, red=108 green=86 blue=142
>>> redValue = getRed(pixel)
>>> greenValue = getGreen(pixel)
>>> blueValue = getBlue(pixel)
>>> newColor = makeColor(redValue+50, 0, getBlue(pixel)/2)
>>> setColor(pixel, newColor)
Repeating an action for all the
pixels in a picture

Example:

for p in getPixels(picture):
value = getRed(p)
setRed(p, value*0.5)
Repeating an action for all the
pixels in a picture
decreaseRed()

Example:
def decreaseRed(picture):
for p in getPixels(picture):
value = getRed(p)
setRed(p, value*0.5)
More examples:
More examples (link) - you can copy and
paste these to save time
•  decreaseGreen()
•  decreaseBlue()
•  clearBlue()
•  lighten()
•  darken()
•  negative()
•  grayScale()
18
“Posterize” function
• For each pixel, if
red<128, we set red=0,
otherwise we set red=255
• Similarly for green, blue
Assignment: Create a python
function for each of the following:
1.  Decrease red by 20%
2.  Decrease green by 20%
3.  Decrease blue by 20%
4.  Increase red by 20%, if possible (i.e., if it does not
exceed 255)
5.  Similarly for increasing blue and green
6.  “Posterize”
7.  Think of another way to change an image and
implement a function to do that

20

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