HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part XV Analytical chemistry

Chemistry: Chapter 62 Separation and purification methods

Multiple-choice questions

Sections 62.162.2
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Which of the following statements about crystallization are correct?
(1) Crystals obtained by slow cooling are purer than those obtained quickly.
(2) After filtration, we should use a large amount of distilled water to wash the
crystals in order to remove any soluble impurities.
(3) Crystallization is a physical method that separates a dissolved substance from a
solution.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B We should use a little cold distilled water to wash the crystals after filtration;
otherwise, the crystals may dissolve.##

|!|CMEMF0156200002|!|
Which of the following methods is the most suitable to obtain magnesium sulphate
crystal from magnesium sulphate solution?
A. Simple distillation
B. Crystallization
C. Fractional distillation
D. Solvent extraction

##B##

Section 62.3
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Which of the following substances CANNOT be separated by fractional distillation?
(1) A mixture of proteins
(2) Crude oil fractions
(3) Oxygen and nitrogen in air
A. (1) only
B. (2) only

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Part XV Analytical chemistry

C. (1) and (3) only

D. (2) and (3) only

##A As proteins have high molecular masses, they do not vaporize easily. In
addition, they may denature at high temperatures.##

|!|CMEMH0156200004|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to separate bromine from bromine
water?
A. Crystallization
B. Distillation
C. Evaporation
D. Liquid-liquid extraction

##B Bromine is miscible with water. Bromine (58.8C) has a lower boiling point than
water (100C).##

|!|CMEMF0156200005|!|
Which of the following methods is the most suitable to increase the concentration of
ethanol in wines?
A. Crystallization
B. Chromatography
C. Liquid-liquid extraction
D. Fractional distillation

##D##

Section 62.4
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Which of the following mixtures can be separated by solvent extraction?
(1) Potassium chloride solution and sodium chloride solution
(2) Hexane and propan-2-ol
(3) Ethanol and water
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only


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Part XV Analytical chemistry

##B Potassium chloride solution and sodium chloride solution are miscible. Ethanol
and water are also miscible. Therefore, they cannot be separated by solvent extraction.
On the other hand, hexane and propan-2-ol are immiscible, so they can be separated
by solvent extraction.##

|!|CMEMF0156200007|!|
Hexane and water can be separated by a separating funnel because
A. hexane and water have different boiling points.
B. hexane and water have different densities.
C. hexane and water have different relative molecular masses.
D. hexane and water are immiscible.

##D##

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After shaking the separating funnel, we should invert it and open the stopcock. Which
of the following statements is the purpose for the above procedure?
A. To extract the desired substances more efficiently.
B. To mix the two solvent layers by air.
C. To remove the impurities.
D. To release excess gas pressure.

##D##

|!|CMEMH0156200009|!|
Consider the following pieces of apparatus that can be found in a school laboratory:

Which of the following processes can be performed by using all or part of the above
apparatus?
(1) Simple distillation
(2) Solvent extraction

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(3) Recrystallization
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##A Solvent extraction should be performed using a separating funnel.##

|!|CMEMF0156200010|!|
Which of the following statements about liquid-liquid extraction are correct?
(1) It involves the use of a separating funnel.
(2) It is used to separate two miscible liquids.
(3) It is a physical method.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B##

Section 62.5
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Which of the following statements about chromatography is INCORRECT?
A. The component substances are separated according to their different
solubilities in the solvent.
B. The developing solvent is the mobile phase in thin-layer chromatography.
C. In paper chromatography, a pen is used for drawing the baseline.
D. Silica gel is commonly packed in the vertical glass column in column
chromatography.

##C In paper chromatography, a pencil should be used for drawing the baseline. The
pen contains ink. If the baseline was drawn with a pen, the ink might interfere with
the experimental results.##

|!|CMEMF0156200012|!|
Which of the following statements about chromatography is INCORRECT?
A. Silica gel is used to be coated onto the plates for thin-layer chromatography.
B. The Rf value compares the distance travelled by a component to that

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Part XV Analytical chemistry

travelled by the solvent.

C. Every component in a mixture can be separated by chromatography.
D. Column chromatography can separate different solutes in a mixture for
further use.

##C The Rf values of some components are so close that they cannot be separated by
chromatography.##

|!|CMEMF0156200013|!|
Which of the following statements about chromatography are correct?
(1) Paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography are applied for
identification of different solutes in a solution.
(2) Column chromatography is applied for separation of different substances in a
mixture rather than for identification.
(3) Chromatography is a type of physical methods.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

|!|CMEMF0156200014|!|
There is a mixture of dye A, dye B, dye C and dye D. It is known that two of the dyes
are the same. After performing paper chromatography, the following results were
obtained.
A red spot from dye A travelled 7 cm from the baseline.
A red spot from dye B travelled 8 cm from the baseline.
A yellow spot from dye C travelled 7 cm from the baseline.
A red spot from dye D travelled 7 cm from the baseline.
The distance travelled by the solvent was 10 cm.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The Rf value of the red spot from dye A is 0.7.
B. The Rf value of the red spot from dye B is 0.8.
C. Dye A and dye C are the same.
D. Dye A and dye D are the same.

##C Although the spots from dye A and dye C have the same Rf value, they have

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Part XV Analytical chemistry

different colours.##

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Four coloured substances were spotted on a piece of filter paper, which was then
suspended in an alcohol-water mixture. The four coloured substances include dye A
and three basic dyes red, blue and green. After some time, the following
chromatogram was obtained.

A Red Blue Green

e(1) (2) (3)

What colours does dye A contain?

A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C Referring to the chromatogram, the spots from dye A have the same Rf values as
blue dye and green dye.##

|!|CMEMF0156200016|!|
Which of the following are the advantages of thin-layer chromatography over paper
chromatography?
(1) It is faster than paper chromatography.
(2) It can work with very small amounts of samples.
(3) It can separate the components for further use, but paper chromatography cannot.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A##

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
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|!|CMEMF0156200017|!|
Which of the following statements about column chromatography are correct?
(1) It can be used to separate the components in a mixture for further use.
(2) Water must be used as the eluting solvent.
(3) The components that are more soluble in the mobile phase come out from the
bottom of the column first.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B##

Section 62.6
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Which of the following methods can be used for the test for purity?
(1) Determination of boiling points of liquids
(2) Determination of melting points of solids
(3) Flame test
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A Flame test can only be used for qualitative analysis of a substance. It shows the
presence of a substance.##

|!|CMEMF0156200019|!|
Which of the following properties shows that a solid is pure?
A. The solid is colourless.
B. The solid melts completely.
C. The solid does not turn the colour of dry cobalt(II) chloride paper.
D. The solid has a sharp melting point.

##D##

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Part XV Analytical chemistry

Which of the following substances has a sharp melting point?

A. Sodium sulphate crystal
B. Wax
C. Gas oil
D. Ink

##A Sodium sulphate crystal is pure, so it has a sharp melting point.##

Section 62.7
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Which of the following combinations about a separation method and its application is
correct?
Separation method Application
A. Crystallization Getting fresh water from sea water
B. Distillation Getting impure common salt from sea water
Obtaining copper(II) sulphate crystals from its
C. Evaporation
solution
D. Filtration Separating mud from muddy water

##D Distillation is used to get fresh water from sea water. Evaporation is used to get
impure common salt from sea water. Crystallization is used to obtain copper(II)
sulphate crystals from its solution.##

|!|CMEMH0156200022|!|
Which of the following combinations about the separation of mixtures is correct?
Components in the mixture Separation method
A. Chemicals in Chinese herbal medicines Chromatographic methods
B. Ethanol and water Solvent extraction
C. Oil and water Evaporation
D. Salt and sea water Filtration

##A Distillation is used to separate ethanol and water. A separating funnel is used to
separate oil and water. Evaporation is used to separate salt from sea water.##

|!|CMEMH0156200023|!|
Some lead(II) oxide is contaminated with a little magnesium chloride. How can we
remove magnesium chloride from the mixture?

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A. Add dilute acid to the mixture and then filter.

B. Heat the mixture and then cool to room temperature.
C. Add water to the mixture and then filter.
D. Add water to the mixture and then cool to room temperature.

##C Lead(II) oxide is insoluble in water while magnesium chloride is soluble in
water.##

|!|CMEMF0156200024|!|
There is a mixture of propan-1-ol (b.p. = 97.2C) and propan-2-ol (b.p. = 82.4C).
Which of the following is the best method to separate propan-1-ol from the mixture?
A. Liquid-liquid extraction
B. Evaporation
C. Simple distillation
D. Fractional distillation

##D These two compounds are miscible liquids with close boiling points.##

|!|CMEMF0156200025|!|
Which of the following is the best method to separate a mixture of diethyl ether and
water?
A. Use of a separating funnel
B. Evaporation
C. Simple distillation
D. Fractional distillation

##A Since the two liquids are immiscible, they can be separated by a separating
funnel.##

|!|CMEMH0156200026|!|
A solid mixture contains iron(II) oxide and hydrated iron(II) chloride. Which of the
following methods can be used to separate iron(II) oxide from the mixture?
(1) Add concentrated ethanoic acid to the mixture and then filter.
(2) Add water to the mixture and then filter.
(3) Add dilute sulphuric acid to the mixture and then filter.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only

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D. (2) and (3) only


##B Hydrated iron(II) chloride is soluble in water while iron(II) oxide is insoluble in
water.##

|!|CMEMH0156200027|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to separate calcium ions from a mixture
of calcium chloride solution and sodium chloride solution?
A. Perform flame test.
B. Add acidified silver nitrate solution to the mixture.
C. Add sodium hydroxide solution to the mixture.
D. Add aqueous ammonia to the mixture.

##C When adding sodium hydroxide solution to the mixture, calcium ions would
form a precipitate. Filter the resultant solution. The residue contains calcium ions.##

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