n

High Voltage LAB

Submitted By:
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Submitted To:
Dr. Muhammad Shahzad

Electrical Engineering & Technology Department

MNS-UET Multan
 Department of

Electrical Engineering
ET-353 (High Voltage Technology, LAB)
List of Experiments

Lab. No. Title of the Experiment

Familiarization to the high voltage laboratory

1. Introduction to high voltage equipment (Impulse, AC, and DC)
1. 2. Laboratory Earthing system
3. Power supply and safety controls
4. Usage of the high voltage test apparatus

2. Generation and measurement of the high AC voltage (100 kV)

3. Generation and measurement of the high DC voltage (135 kV)

4. Generation and measurement of impulse voltage (135 kV)

Determination of AC-flashover voltage of solid insulating materials;

5. insulators of different kinds

6. Testing of high voltage cables

7. 500 kV impulse voltage generation using Marx multiplier circuit

8. Breakdown test measurement of insulating oil

9. Partial discharge measurement using MPD 600

10. Measurement of grounding resistance

11. Open ended lab

 High Voltage Technology Lab Lab 1

Familiarization to the High Voltage Laboratory (HVL)

1. Introduction to High Voltage Equipment

Department of Electrical Engineering of KFUEIT has established a world-class High

Voltage Laboratory that include the state-of-the-art equipment. It is the most advanced
HVL in Pakistan. Following is the short detail of major available equipment.

Impulse Voltage Generator

Lightning Impulse (LI) testing is
necessary to verify the insulation
integrity of test objects, described by
Basic Insulation Level (BIL). LI testing
is carried out in both routine test (on
transformers), and type tests (on cables,
switchgear, generators, motors,
insulators, overvoltage arresters,
surge protection, etc.). The impulse
voltage test system is designed for the
generation of full lightning impulse
voltages (LI) and switching impulse
voltages (SI) according to IEC 60060-1.
Performance and accuracy of the
measuring system follow
international standards, especially IEC
60060-2.

Figure 1: Impulse generator

System parameters:

Total charging voltage 500 kV

Total charging energy 25 kJ ±5%
Impulse capacitance 200 nF ±5%

500 kV impulse voltage divider

The low-damped capacitive impulse voltage measuring divider is used to convert the
high lightning (LI) or switching (SI) impulse voltages to a level of 1000 V. This output
voltage is measured by transient impulse recorder or by peak voltmeter. The divider
serves also as basic load capacitor for impulse voltage generators.
Main parameters:

Rated lightning impulse voltage (1.2/50) 500 kV

Rated switching impulse voltage (250/2500) 450 kV

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HV capacitance 1600 pF
HV damping resistance 62.5 Ω
Rated secondary voltage 1000 V

Impulse current shunt

The impulse voltage measuring resistors are designed for impulse current
measurements during lightning voltage tests on low inductive test objects (e.g. power
transformers). They are also right for measurements of impulse currents with shapes
4/10 μs, 1/20 μs, 8/20 μs and 30/80 μs on metal-oxide surge arresters according to IEC
62475 and IEC 60099-4.

100 kV AC / 135 kV DC / 135 kV Impulse module system

Test transformer based modular system is used to generate an AC, DC and impulse
test voltage. The internal partial discharge (PD) level of insulating case
transformers is very low. Therefore, it is well suited for PD measuring circuits as
well. High voltage dividers of resistive and capacitive types are also included to
measure AC, DC and impulse voltages.

Figure 2: Modular system (impulse configuration) Figure 3: Test Transformer

System parameters:
Rated AC voltage 100 kV
Rated DC voltage 135 kV
Lightning impulse voltage 1.2/50 110 kV
Switching impulse voltage 250/2500 100 kV

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Primary voltage 230 V
Frequency 50 Hz

Partial Discharge Measurement System (MPD 600)

Partial discharges, as defined by IEC 60270, are localized dielectric discharges in a
partial area of an electrical insulation system under high electric field intensity. MPD
600 is a high-end measurement and analysis system for partial discharges. It
corresponds to the relevant standards for electric PD measurements and provides latest
analysis techniques.

Figure 4: Partial Discharge System - MPD 600

Advance tan-delta Measurement

The advance tan-delta measuring
system consists of a universal
measuring bridge and it is used for
high voltage insulation diagnostics
and is characterized by high
precision for capacitance, tan-delta
or power factor, and measures
impedances in all four quadrants.
Figure 5: Advance tan-delta
Main parameters:

Capacitive range 0.1 x CN… 1000 x CN

Dissipation factor range 0.00001… 1
Uncertainty of capacitive measurement ± 0.01%

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PD measurement ICM

This is a multiple purpose PD

measuring instrument. It is well suited
for both, laboratory and onsite tests.
This measuring system fulfils all
requirements of IEC 60270.

Main parameters:
Min. detectable charge 0.1 pC
Max. detectable charge 1000 pC
Frequency (kHz) 40 … 800
Figure 6: PD measurement ICM

Compressed gas standard capacitor (100 kV)

The compressed gas standard capacitor is used for precise
measurement of voltage, capacitance, dissipation factor,
transformer ratio, etc. It is characterized by high stability of
capacitance, very low dielectric dissipation factor, and very
low PD level.

Main parameters:
Rated voltage 100 kV
Rated capacitance 100 pF
Insulating gas SF6
Tan-delta (max.) 1E-5

Standard measuring sphere gaps

The standard measuring sphere gap are used to directly
measure the peak voltage of AC, DC, LI, and SI types
according to IEC 60052.

Figure 7: Standard gas capacitor

Figure 8: Standard measuring sphere gaps

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Ratiometer
The ratiometer is used for the
measurement of the scale factor
(according to IEC 60060-2) of HV
dividers for AC and impulse voltage. It is
meant for the performance check of
dividers requested by IEC 60060-2.

Main parameters:
Scale factor 1...10000
Max. input voltage (RMS) 100 V
Measuring voltage (RMS) 100 V Figure 9: Ratiometer

Measuring frequency 50 / 60 / 975 Hz

High Voltage (10 kV) Insulation Tester

It is a high-end portable measuring instrument
intended for the measurement of very high
electrical insulation and resistance values.
This instrument can also measure Dielectric
Absorption Ratio (DAR), Polarization Index
(PI), and Dielectric Discharge Index (DD).

Earthing Tester
It is a three-electrode instrument used to
measure the grounding resistance.

Figure 10: Insulation tester

Figure 11: Grounding resistance tester

2. Laboratory Earthing System

The activities in the high voltage laboratory are both withstand voltage and breakdown
voltage tests. Therefore, the grounding system is essential for breakdown voltage test due
to a very high transient current flowing through ground. Further, an electromagnetic shield
is required to perform partial discharge (PD) measurements of power apparatus and cables
in high-voltage (HV) test laboratories. Such shield must be connected to a deep-driven

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grounding rod to prevent disturbances caused by ground circulating currents. An
equipotential ground plane of the test area (Fenced-in area or a closed room which contains
the HV components of one HV test system and the test object, both together form the HV
test circuit.) is needed to carry out impulse tests.

Earthing and shielding system of HVL at the Department of Electrical Engineering

KFUEIT have been designed as per the
International Standards and the overall
grounding resistance of about 0.5Ω is
achieved. The grounding system consists of:

• Surface earthing mesh

• Earthing rail
• Earth electrodes
• Earthing bus bars

Referring to the figure (Figure 12), there

are three color of wires connected to the
earthing bus bars.
Figure 12: Earthing bus bar connection

1. Blue color: Blue coded wire is directly connected to the earthing electrode.
2. Green color: Green color wire is connected to the surface earthing mesh.
3. Yellow color: It’s the earthing rail and connects one bus bar to another. There are
6 bus bars in the HV test area, and all are connected to each other by the copper
earthing rail.
Important
1. Test object and test source serve as energy storage and electric shocks can cause fatal
personal injury or death. Test object and test source must be earthed reliably and remain
earthed!
2. The HV test circuit shall be connected with the earthing system of the test area or
laboratory only at one point (near HV generator or near test object with a short, low
impedance connection between the two).
3. Avoid closed loops of the HV lead (e.g. by direct connection of the voltage divider to
both, test object and HV generator) and of the earth return (e.g. by direct connection of
test object and HV generator and additional connection to different points of “earth
potential” in the test area).
4. All connections to the earth rail shall apply the “star” principle and avoid
loops.
5. The shielding of the HV test area is not a part of the earthing system.
6. Dangerous overvoltage in the test system and at components connected to the same
earthing system caused by a wrong earth return.
a. The earthing must be performed by qualified personnel
b. The correct earthing must be checked regularly by qualified personnel

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3. Power Supply and Safety Controls

The power supply area (switching cabinet) is a closed electrical operation area of the low
voltage and its located near the HV test area. The power supply area contains the complete
set of components necessary for power feeding and control of the HV test system(s).

Power supply unit has a separate control and power feeding scheme for both impulse and
module system. Phase failure relay, over and under voltage protections are provided in this
power supply system.

Additionally, for both impulse and module system, PLC based monitoring and protection
control is applied; at low and high voltage sides in charging unit and power module LM-48
respectively.

Important
Emergency stop buttons are installed on the “operator device” BG8 for both impulse and
module system and in case of emergency, these buttons must be used to avoid any loss.

4. Usage of the High Voltage Test Apparatus

Start of operation

1. Check the correct earth connections and clearances of the HV circuit.

2. Depending on the usage (impulse or the module system), the corresponding power
supply must be switched on from the power supply switching cabinet.
3. Close the control power switch activating the green signal lamps.
4. Check that no other persons are in the test area and take off all manually operated
earthing bars and ropes.
5. Close the safety loop (door of safety fence). The door has a set of contacts which are
necessary to close in order to have the safety column and safety fence energized.
6. Close the main power switch that activates the red signal lamps and opens the electric-
driven earthing, shortening and discharging devices.
7. Give a warning by horn and/or calling “Attention, I switch on”, Close the operation
switch, the HV test is running. The Signal lamp remains red!

Termination of operation
The HV test is running and shall be terminated as following. For an unexpected
termination by a breakdown, by opening the safety loop or by using a mean for
emergency switching-off are different and can be asked from qualified personnel. The
steps after the operation switch is switched-off are identical.
1. Decrease test voltage
2. Open the operation switch: The HV is switched off, but the red signal lamps are
still activated, the electric-driven discharging and earthing devices are closed.

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3. Open the main power switch, the red signal lamps extinguish, the green lamps are
switched on.
4. If a motor-driven shorting exists start it manually.
5. Open the safety loop and perform the remaining discharging, shortening and
earthing manually.
6. Switch-off the control power switch, the green signal lamps extinguish, the HV test
system is out of operation.

Important
1. Due to internal space charges, capacitors will be charged up if not short circuited after
voltage application and/or during storage. This will lead to high voltages with
corresponding hazards. Short-circuit the capacitors after the test!
2. Arrange earthing rods and discharge/earthing rods at the door of the test area. Do not
forget their application after a HV test!
3. Charged energy after termination of the test procedure; manual discharging, earthing
and short-circuiting operations must be performed by the operator!
4. By pressing any random emergency stop buttons, the power of the high voltage
generator can be interrupted immediately (safe energy interruption). At the same time,
the automatic grounding will be triggered to discharge and ground the arrangement as
fast as possible.
5. When the entrance door of the safety fence is opened, the power of the high voltage
generator can be interrupted immediately and at the same time, the automatic grounding
will be triggered to discharge and ground the arrangement as fast as possible.

Important
The HV test area must be entered only on advice of the qualified personnel responsible
for the laboratory. Great care must be taken!!

General Notes:
1. In the HVL it is forbidden to eat and drink.
2. The HVL is only opened during definite times.
3. For damages done premediated or grossly negligent the person responsible can be liable.
4. Persons with cardiac pacemakers are not permitted to enter HVL during the execution
of high-voltage experiments. If persons with cardiac pacemakers are in the high-voltage
laboratory, it is not allowed to perform any high-voltage experiments.
5. The safety rules of the department and the relevant directives and standards must also
be fulfilled.
6. It is not allowed to modify, manipulate or to bypass safety devices.
7. No modification of the installed test setup is allowed.
8. Physical injuries, disturbances, defects, unallowed warnings and other defects must be
reported to the qualified person responsible for the work, who will induce further
proceedings.

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9. Every person working in the HVL must have a clear overview about the dangers and is
forced to do suitable preventive measures to protect himself / herself and the other
persons from possible dangers.
10. If there is a risk of an injury due to mechanical influence by setting up an experiment,
suitable protective equipment must be used, such as gloves, safety shoes, etc.
11. Before using the high-voltage test arrangement all its components including the test
control and the safety control must be checked. If any error is visible, it is forbidden to
use the test arrangement until the error is cleared.
12. A permanent supervision of the experiment is necessary. Long-term tests are not
allowed.
13. It is not allowed to do both assembly and high-voltage tests at the same time.
14. Life-line work is not allowed.
15. New or modified test circuits must be checked by the qualified personnel prior to the
usage.
16. All metallic parts in the experimental area which are not part of the active circuit must
be grounded.

ET-353 HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGY Lab 1

High Voltage Engineering Lab Lab 3
Generation and Measurement of High DC voltage

1. Objective

The objective of this lab is consisting of the following tasks:

a. Generation of high DC voltage by means of a test transformer connected with half wave rectifier
b. Measurement of high DC voltage using the resistive voltage divider
c. Measurement of high DC voltage using standard measuring sphere gaps
d. Evaluation of results as per IEC standards

2. Components Required

a. High voltage testtransformer

b. Rectifier diode
c. Smoothing capacitor
d. Damping resistor
e. High voltage resistivedivider
f. Blocking impedance
g. Coupling capacitor
h. Breakdown detection unit
i. Earthing and discharging rods; for AC and DC supply
j. Automatic discharging and earthing device
k. Power module LM 48
l. Operator device
m. Standard measuring spheregaps
n. Safety column
o. Guards fence with door and signal lamps

3. Overview Diagram

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4. Complete Circuit Diagram

5. System Description

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6. Standard Disruptive Discharge Voltage

Based on the standard measuring sphere gaps of 250 mm diameter of HVL, following are the corresponding
breakdown voltage values at normal conditions. (IEC 60052:2002)

Sphere gaps spacing (mm) Peak voltage (kV)

10 31.7
20 59.0
30 86.0
40 112.0
50 137.0
Table 1: Peakvaluesofdisruptivedischargevoltage in kV for AC Voltageatpowerfrequency, full LIand SI of
negative polarity, and DC voltage of both polarities

Disruptivedischarge: Failureofinsulation under electricstress, in which the dischargecompletely bridges

theinsulation under test, reducing thevoltage between electrodes to practically zero.

Disruptive-discharge voltage value of a test object: Value of the test voltage causing disruptive discharge,
as specified, for the various tests, in the relevant clauses of the presentstandard.

7. Atmosphere correction in dry tests

Standard reference atmosphere (IEC 60060-1: 2010)
• Temperature 𝑡0 = 20℃
• Absolutepressure 𝑝0 = 1013 mbar
• Absolute humidity ℎ0 = 11 𝑔/𝑚3

Correction factor 𝜹
Asthebreakdownvoltagedependsontheambient environmentalconditions, standardtablevaluesmustbe
convertedusingacorrectionfactor(IEC60052: 2002):
𝑉𝑑 = 𝑉𝑑0. 𝛿

𝑝 273 + 𝑡0
𝛿= .
𝑝0 273 + t
𝑽𝒅 isthebreakdownvoltage;

𝑽𝒅𝟎 is the breakdown voltage at normal conditions;

𝒑 is the air pressure;
𝒑𝟎 is the air pressure at normal conditions;
𝒕𝟎 is the temperature in ℃ at normal conditions;
𝒕 is the temperature in ℃

Important!
Formeasurementvoltagebelow72.5kV,nohumiditycorrectionis applied. This experiment is purely designed for
the demonstration purpose and it is, therefore, recommended not to apply humidity correction factor at all unless
otherwise specified.

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8. Scale Factor Adjustment

The indirectly measurement of high DC voltage is carried out by using the resistive voltage divider
with the following principle diagram.

Symbol Object Rated value

𝑹𝑯𝑽 High voltage 250 MΩ
measuring
resistor
𝑹𝑳𝑽 Low voltage 1.25 MΩ
resistor
𝑹𝒄𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 Divider to peak 10 m, 50 Ω
voltmeter
Figure 1: Principle circuit diagram cable
𝑹𝒊𝒏 Input 10 MΩ
impedance of
MU 18

Table 2: Rated resistance values

The rated scale factor (𝑆𝐹) of the divider with the given values tabulated in Table 2 is 226.

According to the calibration report performance of the resistive divider recorded as per IEC 60060-
2, the assigned scale factor after comparing the divider with the reference system is 230.9.

9. Experimental Procedure

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10. Measurement

10.1. Overview of measurements

10.2. Current and voltage measurements (𝑰𝒐𝒖𝒕 , 𝑰𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒔 , 𝑼𝒐𝒖𝒕 , 𝑼𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 )

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11. Analysis of Results and Final Remarks

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 Lab 4

Lab 4: Generation and measurement of impulse voltages

1. Objective
The objective of this lab is consisting of the following tasks:

a. Generation of full lightning impulse (LI -1.2/50) voltage using single stage circuit
of type B, as per IEC 60060.
b. Generation of switching impulse (SI) voltage using single stage circuit as per IEC
60060.
c. Measurement of LI and SI voltages using the damped capacitive divider
d. Recording of LI and SI voltages using the advance transient recorder HiRES
e. Evaluation of results as per IEC standards

2. Components required
a. High voltage test transformer
b. Rectifier diode
c. Supporting insulator
d. Charging resistor
e. High voltage resistive divider
f. Charging capacitor C10
g. Trigger spark gaps
h. Discharging resistors for LI and SI
i. Damping resistors for LI and SI
j. Charging capacitor C1
k. Damping resistor R025
l. Damped capacitive voltage divider
m. Impulse detection module
n. Earthing and discharging rods; for AC and DC supply
o. Automatic discharging device
p. Power module LM 48
q. Operator device
r. Transient recorder HiRES
s. Computer system

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3. Overview diagram

4. Complete circuit diagram

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5. System Description

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6. Scale factor of the damped capacitive divider

LI and SI voltages are measured with damped capacitive divider as per the following
principle diagram.

Symbol Object Rated value

𝑹𝒅 Damping 250 Ω
resistor
𝑪𝑯𝑽 HV measuring 0.3 nF
capacitor
𝑪𝑳𝑽 LV capacitor 66 nF
𝑪𝑪 Measuring 1.0 nF
cable
𝑹𝒁 Termination 50 Ω
Figure 1: Principle circuit diagram resistor
Table 1: Rated values of the damped capacitive divider

According to the calibration report performance of the damped capacitive divider

recorded as per IEC 60060-2, the assigned scale factor after comparing the divider
with the reference system is 226.9.

7. Experimental procedure

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8. Theoretical description of the LI and SI voltages generation (Circuit B)

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9. Record of LI and SI voltages waves and their analysis

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Evaluation Report:

Instructor’s signature:

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 4

 Lab 5

Lab 5: Determination of AC-flashover voltage of solid

insulating materials; insulators of different kinds.

1. Objective
The objective of this lab is consisting of the following tasks:

a. Determination of the partial discharge inception and AC-flashover voltages of

cap and pin insulator under dry, wet and polluted conditions.
b. Determination of the partial discharge inception and AC-flashover voltages of
disk type insulator under dry, wet and polluted conditions.
c. Evaluation of results as per rules for dimensioning of insulators

2. Components required
a. High voltage test transformer
b. Connecting electrode
c. Support insulator
d. Blocking impedance
e. High voltage capacitive divider
f. Earthing rod
g. Automatic earthing device
h. Power module LM 48
i. Operator device
j. Breakdown detection unit
k. Cap and pin insulator (Porcelain)
l. Disk type insulator (Porcelain)

3. Overview diagram

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4. Complete circuit diagram

5. System Description

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6. Scale factor of the high voltage capacitive divider

The indirect measurement of high AC voltage is carried out by using the
capacitive voltage divider with the following principle diagram.

Symbol Object Rated value

𝑪𝑯𝑽 High voltage 0.3109 nF
measuring
capacitor
𝑪𝑳𝑽 Low voltage 325.5 nF
capacitor
𝑪𝑷𝑫 PD measuring 90 nF
impedance
Figure 1: Principle circuit diagram 𝑪𝑪 Divider to peak 10 m, 1.035 nF
voltmeter cable
Table 1: Rated capacitance values

The scale factor (𝑆𝐹) of the

divider is calculated with the given equation and as per values tabulated in 1.

𝑆𝐹 = 𝐶𝐻𝑉 + 𝐶𝐿𝑉 + 𝐶𝑃𝐷 + 𝐶𝑐 = 0.3109 + 325.5 + 90 + 1.035 = 1341

𝐶𝐻𝑉 0.3109

This calculated scale factor of 1341 of the divider is without considering the
stray capacitances and without consideration of the influence of a connected
PD measuring device.

According to the calibration report performance recorded as per IEC 60060-2,

the assigned factor while comparing the divider with reference system is 1358.

7. Experimental procedure

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8. Analysis of results and final remarks

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Evaluation Report:

Instructor’s signature:

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 5

 Lab 6

Lab 6: Testing of high voltage cables

1. Objective
The objective of this lab is consisting of the following tasks:

a. Insulation measurement of different cables with fixed, variable, ramp, and with
stepped voltages
b. Measurement of the quality ratios of the insulation; Dielectric Absorption Ratio
(DAR) and Polarization Index (PI)
c. Dielectric Discharge Index (DD) measurement of the heterogeneous insulation
d. Interpretation of the results

2. Components required
a. Megohmmeter
b. Set of high voltage cables
c. Computer system
d. Temperature measuring device
e. Humidity measuring instrument

3. Connection diagram

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4. System Description

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5. Reference values of DAR, PI, and DD

DAR PI Condition of insulation

DAR < 1.25 PI < 1 Poor or even dangerous
1 ≤ PI < 2
1.25 ≤ DAR < 1.6 2 ≤ PI <4 Good
1.6 ≤ DAR 4 ≤ PI Excellent
Table 1: Reference values of DAR and PI

Value of DD Quality insulation

7 < DD Very poor
4 < DD < 7 Poor
2 < DD < 4 Borderline
DD < 2 Good
Table 2: Insulation quality against DD values

6. Experimental procedure

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7. Interpretation of results and final remarks

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Evaluation Report:

Instructor’s signature:

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 6

 Lab 7

Lab 7: 500 kV impulse voltage generation using Marx

multiplier circuit

1. Objective
The objective of this lab is consisting of the following tasks:

a. Generation of 500 kV full lightning impulse voltage using multi stage circuit
b. Generation of 500 kV switching impulse voltage using multi stage circuit
c. Measurement of LI and SI voltages using low damped capacitive divider
d. Recording of LI and SI voltages using the advance transient recorder HiRES
e. Evaluation of impulse voltages as per IEC standards

2. Components required
a. Charging and control units
b. Impulse voltage generator (5 stages)
c. Set of resistors for lightning and switching impulse voltages
d. Low damped capacitive voltage divider
e. Ignition generator
f. Impulse detection module
g. Electro optical converter
h. Earthing rod
i. Earthing resistor and automatic earthing switch
j. Operator device
k. Transient recorder HiRES
l. Computer system

3. Overview diagram

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4. Complete circuit diagram

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5. System Description

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6. Scale factor of the capacitive voltage divider

LI and SI voltages are measured with damped capacitive divider as per the following
principle diagram.

Symbol Object Rated value

𝑹𝒅 Damping 62.5 Ω
resistor
𝑪𝑯𝑽 HV measuring 1.6 nF
capacitor
𝑪𝑳𝑽 LV capacitor 990 nF
𝑪𝑪 Measuring 50 Ω, 5 nF
cable
Table 1: Rated values of the capacitive voltage divider

Figure 1: Principle circuit diagram

According to the calibration report performance of the damped capacitive divider

recorded as per IEC 60060-2, the assigned scale factor after comparing the divider with
the reference system is 625.0.

7. Experimental procedure

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High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 7

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8. Theoretical description of the LI and SI voltages generation (Circuit B)

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 7

 Lab 7

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 7

 Lab 7

9. Record of LI and SI voltages waves and their analysis

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 7

 Lab 7

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 7

 Lab 7

Evaluation Report:

Instructor’s signature:

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 7

 Lab 9

Lab 9: Partial discharge measurement using MPD 600

1. Objective
The objective of this lab is to perform the Partial Discharge (PD) measurement and
to find the inception and extinction voltages.

2. Components required
a. High voltage test transformer
b. Connecting electrode
c. Support insulator
d. Blocking impedance
e. High voltage capacitive divider
f. Earthing rod
g. Automatic earthing device
h. Power module LM 48
i. Operator device
j. Breakdown detection unit
k. Partial Discharge System MPD 600
l. Charge calibrator
m. Coupling capacitor
n. Cap and pin insulator
o. Oil testing vessel with a set of electrodes
p. Computer system

3. Circuit diagram

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 9

 Lab 9

4. System Description

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 9

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High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 9

 Lab 9

5. Experimental procedure

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 9

 Lab 9

6. Analysis of results and final remarks

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 9

 Lab 9

Evaluation Report:

Instructor’s signature:

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 9

 Lab 10

Lab 10: Measurement of the grounding resistance

1. Objective
The objective of this lab is to perform the grounding resistance measurement using
a special Earth Tester.

2. Components required
a. Earth tester
b. Auxiliary electrodes and measurement cables

3. Circuit diagram

4. System description and measurement principle

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 10

 Lab 10

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 10

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5. Experimental procedure

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 10

 Lab 10

6. Analysis of results and final remarks

Evaluation Report:

Instructor’s signature:

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 10

 Lab 10

Lab 11: Testing with full Lightning impulse voltage

(Complex engineering problem)

Problem
An insulator string designed for 100 kV must be tested under the insulation
coordination principle. Carry out the test and prepare a full test report that
should include the following:

1. Characteristics of the test object- a full reflection of the load

capacitancemeasurement.
2. Procedure of selecting the Rd and Re for multistage impulse voltage
generatorto produce standard LI wave based on the capacitance
calculated in step 1.
3. A real reflection of the calibration of the high voltage divider used to
measurethe LI.
4. Detailed description of the test voltage selection based on IEC standards
5. Measurement of the atmospheric parameters (Temperature, Pressure
and Humidity.
6. Applicating of the correction factors as per IEC standards and
declaration of thefinal test voltage.
7. Note on the testing procedure and evaluation criteria
8. Theoretical description of the power required to produce lighting
impulses based on total charging energy.
9. Measurement of actual power consumed during LI test using the
advance Power Quality Analyser. Also, mention the behaviour of the
reactive power andpower factor during impulse generation.
10. Analysis of results and final remarks.

High Voltage Engineering- ELEN 4210 Lab 10