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COURSE PACK 1
Historical antecedents in which social
considerations changed the course of science
and technology

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

- Discuss the interactions between S&T and society throughout history

- Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the
environment

- Identify the paradigm shifts in history

CONTENT

- CHAPTER 1
Historical antecedents in which social considerations changed the course of science and
technology
a. In the World: Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages
b. In the Philippines

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS
PREPARATION

Answer the following questions:

1. What do you mean by the word antecedent?
-The word antecedent is used to describe something that comes before or leads up to something else.
2. What could have been the situation before the following inventions were made and
how about when these inventions were already made:
INVENTION SITUATION BEFORE SITUATION AFTER

a. Wheels People rely on animals and Carts, Wagon, Cars, and

human labor other transportation

b. Guns/Gunpowder People rely on swords, Bow After the invention of guns

 arrow, and Spears. and gunpowder, firearms
became a game-changer in
warfare, allowing armies to
engage enemies from a
distance and with more
deadly force.

c. Electricity People rely on candles, oil Electricity was harnessed,

lamps, other form of electric lighting and other
lightning appliances became available,
making life easier, safer, and
more comfortable.

d. Clock Before the invention of After the invention of clocks,

clocks, people relied on timekeeping became much
sundials and other primitive more precise and consistent,
timekeeping devices. allowing people to
coordinate activities and
keep schedules more
effectively.

e. Telephone Before the invention of the After the invention of the

telephone, communication telephone, communication
over long distances was became much faster and
limited to written letters, more convenient, allowing
telegrams, and messengers. people to talk to each other
in real-time, no matter
where they were located.

3. Select 10 inventions from the list which you think are in the list of “WORLD’S GREATEST
INVENTIONS”?
WHEEL NUCLEAR BOMB WIND MILL TEXTILE

PAPER REFRIGERATION ELECTRICITY COMPASS

PLUMBING COMMUNICATION COTTON GIN PRINTERS

OPTICAL LENSES PRINTING PRESS MEDICINE GUN POWDER

CAMERA ENGINES
1. Medicine
2. Paper
3. Camera
 4. Printers
5. Electricity
6. Wheel
7. Engines
8. Refrigeration
9. Wind Mill
10. Nuclear Bomb

4. Write down inventions that you think are made by Filipinos.

-Florescent
- Karaoke
- 16 –bit microchip
- Yoyo
- Videophone
- Incubator

PRESENTATION

a. In the World: Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages

If internet is available you can visit this video link to answer the questions in the PRACTICE
section or you may consider visiting other sites.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNUfZ3_VkuE)

IF NOT AVAILABLE READ THE NOTES ATTACHED

NOTES: TOP 10 WORLD INVENTIONS

https://www.famousinventors.org/top-10-inventions-that-changed-the-world
Every decade, or perhaps every year, brings with it some epic geniuses and their ground-breaking
inventions in various fields. But then there are those inventions that, once invented, they consume us,
alter the way the human species live and make the world smarter, better and sometimes even more fun.
Here are just 10 such inventions that have metamorphosed the world we live in.

1. Steam Engine
Inventor: James Watt
Although the first version of a steam engine dates back
to 3rd century AD, it was not until the turn of the 19th
century and the advent of the Industrial Age that a
modern form of the internal combustion engine came
into existence. It took decades of designing, the
blueprints of which were made by James Watt, to
create the mechanism where combustion of a
fuel releases a high-temperature gas and as it expands it
thereby applies pressure to a piston and moves it. This
phenomenal invention played a pivotal role in invention
of other machinery such as automobiles and airplanes
that changed the face of the planet we live in.

2. Wheel
Inventor: Unknown
The idea of a symmetrical component moving in circular motion on an axis
has existed in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Europe separately in
 different time periods. Thus, it cannot be ascertained by whom and where
the wheel emerged first, but this great invention appeared in 3500 BC and
3

has grown to become one of mankind’s most important inventions ever. It has been used to facilitate
farming and transportation and discover other great
inventions from clocks to vehicles.

3. Printing Press
Inventor: Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1450 AD
borrowing heavily from Chinese assets and applying them to a
sophisticated machine. It wasn’t until the 19th century that
iron materials replaced wooden materials to speed up the process of
printing. The cultural and industrial revolution in Europe would not
have been possible if it wasn’t for the rapidity with which printing

press allowed documents, books and newspapers to be disseminated to a much wider audience in
Europe. These documents included the Bible and other important texts that allowed people to start
questioning and reasoning by reading for themselves. By 1500, twenty million had been printed in
Western Europe.

4. Computer
Inventor: Charles Babbage
The principal of the modern computer was first
mentioned by Alan Turing and later the
first mechanical computer was invented in early
19th century. This invention has
indeed accomplished amazing things in more areas
of life than we realize. It has helped
high performance military aircrafts to fly, put a
spaceship into orbit, control medical
equipment, create visual imagery, store vast
amounts of information and allowed the
functioning of car, phones and power plants.

5. Internet
Inventor: Vinton Cerf
The internet was first developed in 1973 by
Vinton Cerf backed by the US Department
of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA). Its initial use was to provide a network
of communication within research labs and
universities within United States and expanded
overtime. This invention (along with the World
Wide Web) has been the foremost revolutionary
invention of the 20th century. In 1996, more
than 25 million computers were connected
through the internet across 180 countries.
4
 6. World Wide Web

Inventor: Tim Berners-Lee

The World Wide Web as we know was first
predicted by Arthur Clarke when he wrote
that one day satellites would bring
accumulated knowledge of the world to our
fingertips, combing the telephone,
photocopier, television and computer.
However, the invention was made 19 years
later in 1989 by a CERN employee, Tom
Berners Lee. The web has transformed the
way we work in various field including
education, music, finance,
reading, medicine, dating, networking,
language and the like. The Web potentially trumps all the world’s greatest inventions.

7. Television
Inventor: Vladimir K. Zworykin and Philo
Farnsworth
Although the invention of the television cannot
be attributed to one person, it is largely believed
that the invention of the modern television was
the work of two people: Vladimir Kosma Zworykin
(1923) and Philo Farnsworth (1927). The
television was also one of the greatest inventions
which has been evolved from mechanical to
electronic to colour to digital to smart and now
3D versions. People typically spend around 4-8
hours watching TV per day and it has drastically impacted family and social
life. 8. Light Bulb

Inventor: Thomas Alva Edison

The invention of the light bulb developed throughout the 1800s
with Thomas Edison attributed as the primary inventor of a bulb
that lasted for 1500 hours without burning out in 1879. The idea
was taken forward by many others to create a workable and bright
light bulb that revolutionized indoor living.

9. Penicillin
Inventor: Alexander Fleming
Accidently discovered in a bacteria infested Petri dish by
Nobel Prize winner, Alexander Fleming in 1928,
Penicillin drug is a group of antibiotics that cures several
infections in human beings without harming them. The
Penicillin was mass produced during World War II to rid
servicemen of venereal diseases and is still used as a
5

standard antibiotic for infections. It was one of the most famous discoveries made in the field of
medicine.
10. Telephone
Inventor: Alexander Graham Bell
In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell joined two cups with
a thread at the bottom of both ends and used it to
talk from one end and listen from the other. This laid
the foundation work for another revolutionary
invention that is today the attachment that we all
carry in our hands or pockets. The telephone which
later also developed as a mobile phone has had life
saving impact on mankind especially in the field of
business and communication. The extension
of audible speech from within one room and across
the world is a work unrivaled till today.

b. In the Philippines
If internet is available you can visit these video links to answer the questions in the PRACTICE
section or you may consider visiting other sites.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8WP5R1h7pQ)
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXQb-F5mrIU)

IF NOT AVAILABLE READ THE NOTES ATTACHED

NOTES: TOP FILIPINO INVENTIONS

These are the 10 Filipino Inventors and their inventions that the world is using now. We based this list
on the usefulness, creativeness, functionality, and the most successful Filipino inventors in the world
today.
Here are the Top 10 Filipino Inventions that helped to shape the world.

1. FLORESCENT BY AGAPITO FLORES

Agapito Flores is the reason why the world becomes
brighter. A Filipino Inventor who is known for his funnel of the
Fluorescent light tube invention – one of the most commonly
used lighting device in the world.

2. INCUBATOR BY FE DEL MUNDO

The first Asian to have entered the prestigious Harvard University’s
School of Medicine is also credited for her studies that lead to
the invention of incubator and jaundice relieving device.
6

3. KARAOKE BY ROBERTO DEL ROSARIO

Roberto del Rosario is the president of the Trebel Music Corporation
and the inventor of the Karaoke Sing Along System in 1975.
 4. LUNA ROVER BY EDWARDO SAN JUAN
He is the inventor of the Moon Buggy or the Lunar Rover. This
Moon buggy was the car used by Neil Armstrong and other
astronauts when they first explored the moon in 1969.

5. VIDEOPHONE BY GREGORIO ZARA

Gregorio Zara was born in Lipa City Philippines, invented the
videophone in 1955 and referred to as a Photophone
separator signal. Gregorio Zara invented 30 Patented products
includingThe Compass in 1929, Wooden Microscope, Vapor
Chamber and Robot that talked, walked and responded to a
given command. Etc…

6. ERYTHROMYCIN BY ABELARDO AGUILAR

Aguilar discovered the antibiotic from the Aspergillus
species of fungi in 1949 and sent samples to Indiana-based
pharmaceutical firm Eli Lilly Co. The drug firm allegedly
registered the propriety name Iloson for the antibiotic in
honor of Iloilo province where Aguilar discovered
it. Erythromycin, the generic name of Iloson, was reportedly
the first successful macrolide antibiotic introduced in the
US.

7. ALCO-DIESEL, LAN-GAS AND SUPERBUNKER

FORMULA L BY
RUDY
LANTANO SR.
In 1996, Rudy
Lantano Sr., a
revolutionary fuel half
composed of water. The mix burns faster and emits
pollutants, 95 percent less than those released to the air
by traditional fuel products. The inventor said his invention is
a result of blending new ingredients and additives
7

with ordinary oil products through agitation and mixing, which is a very safe process.

8. FEMININE HYGIENE BY DR. VIRGILIO MALANG

Dr. Virgilio “Billy” Malang is one of the renowned Filipino
inventors. One of his famous inventions was the Feminine
 Hygiene or The External Vaginal Cleanser.

9. SINGLE-CHIP GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

ACCELERATOR BY
DIOSDADO BANATAO – introduced the first single-chip
graphical user interface
accelerator that made computers work a lot faster and for helping
develop the Ethernet controller chip that made the Internet possible.
In 1989, he pioneered the local bus concept for personal
computers and in the following year developed the First Windows
accelerator chip. Intel is now using the chips and technologies
developed by Banatao. He now runs his own semiconductor company, Mostron, and Chips
& Technology, which is based in California’s Silicon Valley.

10. QUINK INK INVENTED BY FRANCISCO QUISUMBING

an innovative ink at that time and was further developed to work
with Parker Pens. Aside from being quick drying, it was also water
resistant, did not clog the pen opening, does not blot and will not fade. It is
considered one of the best selling ink for fountain pens of the millennium.

PRACTICE
1. Complete the matrix below by making your own ranking of the 10 inventions (from the video or
 from the notes provided) according to its impact to the society.
NAME OF DATE OF INVENTOR What could EXPLAIN THE IMPACT
INVENTION/ INVENTION / have been the OF THE INVENTION
DISCOVERY (Specify if it is COUNTRY antecedent of TO THE SOCIETY (in 2-
ANCIENT, OF ORIGIN this invention? 3 sentences only)
MEDIEVAL
,
MODERN)

1 Telephone 1876 Alexander

Graham Bell

2 Bulb 1800s Thomas Alva

Edison

3 Television (1923) AND Vladimir

(1927) Kosma
Zworykin
and Philo
Farnsworth

4 Internet 1973 Vinton Cerf

5 Videophone 1955 GREGORIO

ZARA

8
6 Florescent Agapito
Flores

7 single chip 1989 DIOSDADO

Graphical BANATAO

8 Wheel 3500 BC Mesopotam

ia

9 Karaoke 1975 ROBERTO

DEL
ROSARIO

10 Incubator FE DEL
MUNDO

2. Name one invention that you think should be included in the list. Discuss why this invention has
to be included in the list of top 10 greatest inventions of the world.
-Microchips should be in the top 10 invention because it is the invention that people around
the world require the most. Microchips are the reason we have modern technology such as
the iPhone, electric cars, and so on.
3. Group the Filipino inventions by local and global impact. Describe how each invention shaped
the society by citing human undertakings that make use of the invention.
 INVENTIONS WITH LOCAL IMPACT INVENTIONS WITH GLOBAL IMPACT

Quick ink Karaoke

yoyo Videophone

Quick ink Single chip Graphical

ALCO-DIESEL, LAN-GAS AND SUPERBUNKER Incubator

FORMULA

E Jeepney Flourescent

4. What can you say about Filipino ingenuity? (in 2-3 sentences only)
- I can say that Filipino ingenuity is well-known and widely acknowledged throughout the world such as Karaoke and
INCUBATOR but most of them well known only to the people who visit the country. Filipinos are known for being
creative, resourceful, and innovative when it comes to problem solving and developing new solutions to meet their
needs. This has been demonstrated in a variety of fields, including science and technology, as well as arts and
culture.
5. Which Filipino invention do you think have the most significant impact to the world? Support
your answer.
- Florescent because the impact of fluorescent lighting on the world has been significant in
terms of energy savings, environmental benefits, and cost-effectiveness. While newer
technologies such as LED lighting are becoming increasingly popular, fluorescent lighting
remains an important and useful lighting solution for many people and organizations.

PERFORMANCE
To be given separately in an agreed manner and date.

ASSIGNMENT
QUESTONS FOR REFLECTION
1. How did Science and Technology shape the society?

2. Give three other major scientific and technological developments in the world (or in the
Philippines) that created a large impact on your daily life and give the historical antecedent that
gave rise to those inventions.
INVENTION HISTORICAL ANTECCEDENT PERSONAL IMPACT

3. How did the development in science and technology shape human history?