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Cell Division Mitosis 29

Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis involves key parts like the nucleus, chromosomes, centrioles, and spindle fibers. It allows for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction through identical daughter cells. The cell cycle for mitosis has four main stages - interphase (G1, S, G2), and mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm to form two new cells.

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Zelian Shcwien
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55 views52 pages

Cell Division Mitosis 29

Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis involves key parts like the nucleus, chromosomes, centrioles, and spindle fibers. It allows for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction through identical daughter cells. The cell cycle for mitosis has four main stages - interphase (G1, S, G2), and mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm to form two new cells.

Uploaded by

Zelian Shcwien
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL DIVISION

MITOSIS
CELL DIVISION

• Cell division is an essential aspect of life. It enables a


multicellular organism to grow and reach the adult size,
replaces worn-out or damage cells, and keeps the total
number cells in an adult organism relatively constant.
TWO KINDS OF CELL DIVISION

• MITOSIS (Division of somatic cells)


• MEIOSIS (Division of gametes or sex cells)
IMPORTANT PARTS OF MITOSIS

• Nucleus
• Chromosomes
• Centriole
• Spindle fiber
1. NUCLEUS

• The largest organelle in


animal cell.
• Organelle where DNA
is located.
2. CHROMOSOMES

• Bearer of hereditary
components called
DNA.
3. CENTRIOLE AND SPINDLE

• A minute cylindrical
organelle near the nucleus
in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the
development of spindle
fibers in cell division.
REASONS FOR MITOSIS

• Growth
• Repairing or healing
• Asexual reproduction
CELL DIVISION BY MITOSIS

• Cells division varies widely.


• Some cells divide constantly: cells the embryo, skin cells,
gut lining, etc.
• Other cells that divide rarely or never.
• Mitosis creates two identical cells.
CELL CYCLE

• The cell cycle has four


main stages.
• Cell cycle is a regular
pattern of growth, DNA
replication, and cell
division in eukaryotic
cells.
CELL CYCLE

• Originally divided into


two stages: interphase
and mitosis.
• But, improved techniques
and tools later allowed
scientist to identify “four
distinct stages.”
A. INTERPHASE

• Longest phase in cell


cycle.
• It includes Gap 1 (G1),
Synthesis (S), and Gap 2
(G2).
A.1 Gap 1 or G1

• Cells carries out normal


function.
• Cell begins to increase in
size.
• Organelles increase in
numbers.
A.2 Synthesis or S-stage
• Cell makes a copy of its
nuclear DNA.
• “Synthesis” means the
combining of parts to make a
whole.
• By the end of S-stage, cell
nucleus contains two
complete sets of DNA.
A.3 Gap 2 or G2
• Cell carries out normal
functions.
• Additional growth occurs.
• Critical checkpoint (before
cell goes to mitosis, cell must
be adequate in size and
undamaged DNA.)
B. MITOSIS (CELL DIVISION)

• Mitosis produces two


genetically identical cells.
• Mitosis referred as
process of PMAT stages:
Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, and Telophase.
B.1 Prophase

• Prophase is the starting point of cell division.


• Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
• Nucleolus disappears.
• Nuclear envelope breaks apart.
B.1 Prophase

• The chromosomes become visible.


• Centrioles move to two opposite poles of the cell.
• The spindle fibers begin to form.
PROPHASE
B.2 METAPHASE

• The chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell or


the “metaphase plate.”
• Centrioles are positioned at the two opposite poles of the
cell and spindle fibers are attached to the centromere of
the chromosome.
METAPHASE
B.3 Anaphase

• In anaphase, centromere divides.


• Chromosomes break at centromeres, and sister
chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell.
ANAPHASE
ANAPHASE
B.4 Telophase

• Telophase is where nucleus divides.


• The chromosomes are at the two opposite sides of the
cell.
• The nuclear envelope re-forms around the two sets of
chromosomes.
TELOPHASE
TELOPHASE
CYTOKINESIS

• The division of cytoplasm.


• The cytoplasm, organelles,
and nuclear materials are
evenly split and two new
cells are formed.

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