11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter?
Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
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Star Delta Starter?
Working
principle,Theory,
Circuit Diagram
by Electrical Fact • October 24, 2022 2
Star delta starter working principle
theory
There are many different starting methods are
used to start a three-phase induction motor like
Star delta starter. One of them, popular and
cheapest is a Direct online starter. But its use
limited for smaller HP motor, to start higher rating
3 phase motors star-delta starter is used. wye-delta
starter is useful where all six terminals of the motor
are accessible.
In this article, we will discuss star delta starter
working principle with help of power and control
diagram, Theory, connection wiring diagram, parts
like contactor, mcb, fuses, a timer circuit, overload
relay.
Star-Delta starter is the simplest starting method
for reducing the inrush starting current of Induction
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
motor. The starter can be used with all squirrel-
cage induction motors that are delta-connected for
normal operation.
The reduction of the high motor current causes a
reduction of the starting torque of the motor. Star-
delta starting is therefore especially suitable for
drives that are not loaded until after starting. The
starting time is longer than with direct starting,
which is especially apparent when driving larger
inertial masses.
To start a large motor we need a reduced voltage
starter, to limit starting current. Star delta starter is
a reduced voltage starter that applies 1/√3 voltage
during the starting time.
Types of Star-Delta Starter
1) Manual star delta starter
2) Semi automatic star delta starter
3) Fully automatic star delta starter ( wye-delta)
Star Delta Starter(wye-delta)
working principle :
Wye delta starter works in three states:
a) Star connect state
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
Star connected motor terminals
current and voltage in star connection
During the starting time of star delta starter, Main
contactor and star contactor remain in the close
state and complete power circuit.
During starting, the motor is connected in
star state. In star connected state Voltage applied
to the motor winding is reduced to 1/√3 of line
voltage.
When motor attains sufficient speed of full speed
i.e 90% of full R.P.M timer connected in circuit
activated. it disconnects star contactor firstly and
connects delta contactor into the circuit, which
means It closed delta contactor.
b) Open state :
Between switching from star to delta, the circuit
becomes open and motor neither remain in star
nor in delta state. This state is called an open
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
transition state.
c) Delta state:
delta connected motor winding
Current and voltage in delta state
After activation of timer, motor switched from star
to delta state. In delta connection state, phase
voltage equal to line voltage. Hence full line voltage
applied to motor winding and motor runs at its
rated full speed. delta connected motor winding is
shown in the figure.
Star Delta Starter Control Diagram :
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
Star delta starter control diagram
star delta starter control circuit wiring
diagram consist Timer, Push button for Start and
Stop.
At a starting time, after pressing the start push
button, single-phase supply activates the timer,
timer contact 17-18 closed and NC contact 17-28
get open. this energized star contactor coil and
motor get connected in star.
After some time motor attain 90% of rated speed
and timer circuit switch Starter from star transition
state to delta state, full line voltage gets applied to
motor and motor continues to rotate at its full
speed.
Star Delta Starter Power diagram
and theory :
Power circuit diagram:
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
star delta starter power circuit diagram
Theory of working explains as follows:
1) During the working of the starter, two contactors
remain closed. These two contactors are the main
contactor and delta contactor.
2) The third contactor is star contactor and it's
taking part only during the starting time of motor
and carries star current when the motor in star
state.
3) The current in star state is 1/3 of the current in
delta state. Hence contactor rating is one-third of
motor rated current.
4) During starting the Main contactor KM3 and Star
contactor KM1 are closed initially.
5) After some time, the timer in the circuit gets
activated, it opens star contactor and closed delta
contactor.
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
6) The switching of star state to delta state is done
by using a timer, which connected in the wye-delta
starter control circuit.
Components of Y-Δ motor starter
1) Contactor :
In star delta starter 3 contactors are used. Main
contactor, star contactor, and delta contactor. A
contactor is a heavy-duty relay with the high
current rating, used for power up the electrical
motor. The current rating for contactor varies from
10 amps to several hundred amps. High current
contactor is made from an alloy containing silver.
Arcing during the switching operation of the
contactor causes the contact to oxidize. However,
silver oxide still a good conductor.
Overload protection is provided along with the
contactors to start the motor. A contactor is not
used to interrupt a short circuit current, Unlike the
circuit breaker used. Contactor size varies from
small to large for high current appliances.
2) Overload relay (OLR)
The majority of winding failure is because of
overloading, Operation on unbalance supply
voltage or single phasing due to phase loss which
leads to excessive heating to degradation of
winding insulation, due to this electrical motor
required overload protection, to prevent damage
from over-loading the motor, or to protect form
sort circuit or internal winding fault of electric
motor. All these conditions are prevented by using
a thermal overload relay.
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
3) Timer
The function of a timer in the star-delta starter is to
switch contactor from star to delta after attaining
sufficient speed up to 90% of motor full speed.
4) Fuse unit
Fuse unit is used to protect the motor from over
current or short circuit conditions.
The main purpose of the fuse is to protect the
motor and is composed of an alloy which has a low
melting point. A strip of a fuse is placed in series
with the motor circuit. The working principle is that
if the current in excess then the strip would melt
and break the circuit and isolate the motor from
the supply.
5) MCB
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by excess current from
an overload/short circuit. Its main function is to
break the current flow after a fault is detected. On
Other hand a fuse, which operates once and then
must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset to
begin normal operation.
To protect the motor from short circuit conditions
and avoid damage to motor winding MCB is used in
the star delta starter motor circuit.
6) Start push button (NO)
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11/28/22, 10:01 PM Star Delta Starter? Working principle,Theory, Circuit Diagram
This is normally open(NO) type push button, used
to start the motor.
7) Stop push button (NC)
This is an NC type push button and used to stop
the motor.
Advantages of Star delta starter
1) Star-Delta starters are popular due to their low
price.
2) There are no limits to the number of times they
can be operated.
3) The starting current is reduced to approximately
1/3 of rated motor current.
4) Produce high torque per ampere of line current.
Disadvantages of Star delta starter
1) Star delta starter can only useful to motors
where the six motor terminals can be accessed.
2) The supply voltage must be the same as the
rated motor voltage for Delta connection.
3) Due to the starting current is reduced to
approximately 1/3 of the nominal current, starting
torque is also reduced to 1/3.
Tags: Motor starter
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Comments
Kennedy m
June 2, 2021 at 5:59 PM
Very educative thanks
Reply
Ibrahim Ihsaan Mohamed
September 21, 2022 at 5:28 PM
Thank you for information about Star Delta Starter(wye-
delta) working principle
Reply
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