Phy 212: General Physics II 1

Chapter 14 Worksheet: Fluids

Static & Dynamic Fluids: 10 m
1. An open cylindrical container, 20 m high and 10 m diameter, is
completely filled with water (ρwater = 998 kg/m3). The container is
standing at ground level and the atmospheric pressure (patm) is 1.01
x 105 Pa. 20 m
a. What is the mass of a sphere of water with radius 0.5 m?
4 2
Ans. ( )
m = 998 mkg3   π ( 0.5m) = 524 kg
3
b. What is the total pressure at the bottom of the container?

Ans. ( )( )
P = 1.01x105Pa + 998 mkg3 9.8 sm2 (20m) = 2.97x105Pa

c. What is the total force on the bottom of the container?

2
Ans. ( )
F = PA = 2.97x105Pa π (5m) = 2.33x107N

d. If the container were filled with oil (ρoil = 925 kg/m3) instead of water, what would the
pressure at the bottom be?

Ans. (
P = 1.01x105Pa + 925 mkg3 ) (9.8 ) (20m)
m
s2
= 2.83x105Pa

Pascal’s Principle:
2. The largest barometer ever built was an oil-filled barometer constructed in Leicester, England
in 1991. At an atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 Pa, height of the oil column was 12.2 m.
a. What was the density of the oil used in the barometer?
Patm 1.01x105Pa
Ans. ρ = = = 845 mkg3
gh ( )
9.8 s2 (12.2m)
m

b. Were the barometer filled with water instead of oil, what would be the height of the water at
the same atmospheric pressure?
Patm 1.01x105Pa
Ans. h= = = 10.3m
ρg ( )(
998 mkg3 9.8 sm2 )
3. A U-shaped container has a diameter of 0.25 m at one end and 1.0 m at the other with
plungers at each end and an applied force of 1000 N is applied to the narrow end.
a. What is the resultant force generated at the wide end?
2
A   0.5m  4
Ans. F2 =  2  F1 =   (1000N) = 1.60x10 N
 A1   0.125m 
b. When 2000 J of work are performed by the 1000 N applied force, how high does the fluid level
rise (on the wide end of the container). Assume the fluid rise occurs at constant velocity.
2000J
Ans. W2 = F2h2 = 2000J ⇒ h2 = = 0.125 m
1.60x104N
Phy 212: General Physics II 2
Chapter 14 Worksheet: Fluids
Archimedes’ Principle:
4. A turtle with volume 0.25 m3 is floating in the ocean, 80% of the turtle’s volume is
submerged. Assume the density of the ocean salt water (ρsea water) is 1.024 x 103 kg/m3.
a. What is the buoyant force exerted on the turtle?
Ans. Vdisp = (0.80)(0.25 m3) = 0.20 m3

(
FB = ρ gVdisp = 1.024x103 mkg3 ) (9.8 ) (0.20 m )
m
s2
3
= 2007 N

b. What is the mass of the turtle?

FB 2007 N
Ans. Fnet = FB – mg = 0 → m = = = 204.8 kg
g 9.8 sm2

c. If the fluid were pure water (ρwater = 998 kg/m3) instead of salt water, how much of the turtle’s
volume would be submerged in the water?
FB 2007 N
Ans. Vdisp = = = 0.205 kg
ρg (
998 mkg3 9.8 )( m
s2 )
5. A spherical mass (14.7) kg is attached by a mass-less string to a force sensor then
submerged into a container of water.
a. What is the force sensor reading (i.e. the tension force in the mass-less string) before the
mass is submerged in the fluid?
Ans. Fnet = FT – mg = 0 → FT = mg = (14.7 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = 144 N
b. When the mass is submerged, the sensor reading is 92.9 N. What is the buoyant force
exerted on the mass?
Ans. Fnet = FT2 + FB – mg = FT2 + FB – FT = 0
→ FT - FT2 = FB = 144 N - 92.9 N = 51.2 N
c. What is the density of the hanging mass?
FB 51.2 N m 14.7 kg
Ans. Vdisp = = = 5.22x10-2 m3 → ρmass = = -2 3
= 2.81x103 mkg3
ρg (
998 mkg3 9.8)( m
s2 ) V 5.22x10 m

6. A 60 kg person is attached by a mass-less string to a force sensor then submerged into a

container of water. Assume all of the air is out of her lungs when she is submerged.
a. What is the force sensor reading (i.e. the tension force in the mass-less string) before the
mass is submerged in the fluid?
Ans. Fnet = FT – mg = 0 → FT = mg = 588 N
b. When the mass is submerged, the sensor reading is 37.2 N. What is the density of the
person?
Ans. Fnet = FT2 + FB – mg = FT2 + FB – FT = 0
FT - FT2 = FB = 588 N – 37.2 N = 551 N

→ ρ =
m
=
m
=
m
=
( 60 kg) 998 mkg3 9.8 ( )( m
s2 ) = 1065 kg
m3
V  FB   FT2 -FT  (588N - 37.2N)
   
 ρ wg   ρ wg 
Phy 212: General Physics II 3
Chapter 14 Worksheet: Fluids
c. The density of body fat (ρbody fat) is 918 kg/m3 and the density of “lean body mass” (ρlean mass) is
1100 kg/m3. Determine the amount of body fat, in kg, for this person. Assume that the total
body mass is the sum of fat mass plus lean mass: mtotal = mfat + mlean .

m 60kg
Ans. Vtot = Vfat + Vlean = = kg
= 0.0562 m3
ρ 1068 m3

mtot = ρfatVfat + ρleanVlean = ρfatVfat + ρlean(Vtot - Vfat) = 60 kg

60kg - ρlean Vtot 60kg - 61.8kg
Vfat = = kg kg
= 0.00989 m3
( ρfat - ρlean ) 918 m3 - 1100 m3

( )(
mfat = ρfat Vfat = 918 mkg3 0.00989 m3 = 9.08 kg )
Equation of Continuity & Bernoulli’s Equation:
7. Water flows through a pipe of diameter 8.0 cm with a speed of 10.0 m/s. It then enters a
smaller pipe of diameter 3.0 cm.
a. What is the speed of the water as it flows through the smaller pipe?
2
A  π ( 8.0cm)
Ans. v3.0cm=v8.0cm  8.0cm  = (10.0 ms ) 2
= 71.1 ms
 A3.0cm  π (3.0cm)
b. What is the volume flow rate of water through the narrow pipe?
∆V ∆x 2 3
Ans. =A = π ( 0.015m) (71.1 ms ) = 0.050 ms
∆t ∆t
c. What is the pressure difference between the wide pipe and the narrow pipe?

Ans. ∆P = P8cm - P3cm = 1

2 ρ ( v23cm - v28cm ) = 2.48x105Pa
8. Water circulates throughout a house in a hot-water system. The water is pumped at a speed
of 0.50 m/s through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe in the basement under a pressure of 3.0 atm.
a. What is the flow speed in a 2.6 cm diameter pipe on the second floor 5.0 m above? Assume
the pipes do not divide into branches.
2
A  π ( 4.0cm)
Ans. v2.6cm=v 4.0cm  4.0cm  = ( 0.50 ms ) 2
= 1.18 ms
A
 2.6cm  π (2.6cm)
b. What is pressure in the pipe on the second floor?

P2.6cm= P4cm + 1
2 ρ ( v24cm - v22.6cm ) + ρ g ( y4cm -y2.6cm )
Ans.  ( 0.50 m )2 - (1.18 m )2  
5
P2.6cm=3.03x10 Pa + 998 m3 ( kg
)  s s
( + 9.8 sm2 (-5.0m)  = 2.53x105Pa
)
 2  
  
Phy 212: General Physics II 4
Chapter 14 Worksheet: Fluids
9. Consider the completely full water container described in Problem 1 above.
a. What is the pressure at a depth of 15 m below the surface of the water?
P = Patm + ρ gh + Papplied ≈ Patm + ρ gh
Ans.
P ≈ 1.01x105Pa + 998 mkg3 ( ) (9.8 ) (15m) ≈
m
s2
2.48x105Pa

b. A small spout is opened in the container 5 m above the bottom. As the water spews from the
hole, what is the speed of the water as it leaves the hole?

∆P = Pinside - Poutside= Patm+ρ gh - Patm= 1

2 ρ v2outside
Ans. 2∆P
⇒ voutside= = 2gh = 17.1 ms
ρ
c. How far from the container will the water stream hit the ground?

2∆y 2 (5m)
Ans. ∆x = vox t = vox = (17.1 ms ) = 17.3 m
g 9.8 sm2

d. If the container were filled with oil (ρoil = 925 kg/m3) instead of water, how fast would the fluid
leave the hole in question (c)?
Ans. The same as answer (b).
10. An airplane has a mass of 2.0 x 106 kg and the air flows past the lower surface at 100 m/s.
The wings have a combined surface area of 1200 m2.
a. How fast must the air flow past the upper surface of the wings if the plane is to maintain
constant elevation while in the air?
mg
Ans. Fnet = Fbelow - Fabove - mg = 0 ⇒ Pbelow A wings - Pabove A wings= mg ⇒ Pbelow - Pabove=
A wings

mg 2mg
Pbelow -Pabove = 1
2 ρair ( v2above - vbelow
2
)= ⇒ vabove= 2
+ vbelow = 192 m
s
A wings ρair A wings
b. If the surface area of the wings were increased by 25%, what would be the upward
acceleration of the plane?

(Pbelow - Pabove ) Awings - mg

Ans. Fnet = Fbelow - Fabove - mg = ma ⇒ alift = = 2.39 sm2
m
Phy 212: General Physics II 5
Chapter 14 Worksheet: Fluids
Archimedes’ Principle (one more thing…)
11. A face down iron hemisphere (r = 1.0 m) is completely submerged in water, suspended by a
cable. The peak of the hemisphere is 0.5 m below the surface of the water.
a. Calculate the gauge pressure on the bottom face,
Pbottom, of the mass.
Ans. ho
Pbottom= ρ g(ho + r)
(
Pbottom= 998 mkg3 ) (9.8 ) (1.5 m)
m
s2
= 1.4671 × 104 N
m2

b. Calculate the upward force exerted on the lower θ

surface due to Pbottom. r
φ
(
Fup=Pbottom π r 2 )
Ans. 2
(
Fup= 1.4671 × 104 N
m2 ) π (1m) = 49,090N

c. Derive the equation for the vertical gauge pressure, Pupper-y exerted on the upper (spherical)
surface.

Ans. Ptop-y=  ρ gho + ρ gr (1 - cos θ )  cos θ

d. Calculate the force exerted on the upper surface due to Pupper-y.

Ans. The downward fluid force on the a small area dA of the mass is:
dFdown=Ptop-ydA where dA = (r ⋅ dθ ) (r ⋅ sinθdφ )
Fdown=∫ Ptop-ydA = ∫  ρ gho + ρ gr (1 - cos θ )  cos θ (r ⋅ dθ ) (r ⋅ sinθdφ )
π π
2 2π 2 2π
Fdown= ρ gr (ho + r ) ∫ cosθsinθdθ ∫ dφ - ρ gr
2 3
∫ cos θsinθdθ ∫ dφ
2

0 0 0 0

Fdown=∫ Ptop-ydA = ∫  ρ gho + ρ gr (1 - cos θ )  cos θ (r ⋅ dθ ) (r ⋅ sinθdφ )

   2π  π
2 
3 cos θ
3 2 
π
 2π 
Fdown= ρ gr (ho + r )  sin2θ
2
  φ  - ρ gr   φ 
 0  3 0 0 
 
0
  
1  r
Fdown= ρ gr 2 (ho + r ) π - ρ gr 3   (2π ) = ρ gr2  ho +  π = 25,605 N
3  3
e. Calculate the net force exerted on the mass due to the 2 forces above.
Ans. Fnet = Fup - Fdown = 49,090N - 25605 N = 20,484 N (upward)

f. Apply Archimedes’ Principle to the mass and calculate the buoyant force exerted on the mass
due to the fluid. Compare this value to the answer calculate in (e).

2
Ans. Vdisp =   π (1.0 m)3 = 2.09 m3
3

( )( )( )
FB = ρ gVdisp = 998 mkg3 9.8 sm2 2.09 m3 = 20,484 N {the same value as (e)!}