ENGLISH 8 (LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET) General ideas are broad and unspecific statements that need to be explained further.

Here are some signal words for general statements and major details.
Name: _________________________________________ Section: _____________
General Direction: Please read the discussion first before answering the activities, SIGNAL WORDS USED FOR GENERAL STATEMENTS
performance task and summative assessment. generally primarily largely in general
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 1 SIGNAL WORDS USED FOR MAJOR DETAILS
first second third another
Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or Expressions Suitable to Each Pattern of
furthermore moreover in addition next
Idea Development (General to Particular, Claim and Counterclaim)
DISCUSSION: Particular or specific ideas clarify, describe, illustrate, provide examples, or explain
general ideas. They support the general idea. Examples of signal words for specific ideas are
Definition of terms listed in the table below.
Paragraph It is a group of sentences about a certain idea or topic. They will
enable you to effectively express your ideas and will help your SIGNAL WORDS USED FOR PARTICULAR IDEAS
readers easily understand your content.
for instance for example to illustrate to be specific
Structure This refers to the main parts of your paragraph – the topic
specifically particularly such as like
sentence, the supporting sentences, and the concluding
sentence.
Example:
Topic Sentence It presents the main idea of the paragraph. This is usually found
GENERAL PARTICULAR EXPLANATION
at the beginning but can also be stated in the middle or the end.
I can play quite I can play quite a few Notice that both sentences have the same
The topic sentence directs and summarizes the paragraph.
a few musical musical instruments, idea. However, we can say that the second
Supporting These provide details, facts, explanations, examples, etc. to
instruments. such as the flute, the sentence is more specific than the first
Sentences expand and discuss the topic sentence.
guitar, and the piano. sentence. This is because the second
Concluding Sentence It sums up the ideas in the paragraph. Usually, it restates the
sentence contains supporting details and
main idea and sometimes provides conclusions about the
uses the grammatical signal such as to
paragraph.
connect the general idea “I can play quite a
General Ideas These are broad and unspecific statements that need to be few musical instruments” with the supporting
explained further. details “the flute, the guitar, and the piano.”
Claim It refers to a person’s stand on a certain subject or issue, Smoking is Smoking can cause Like the first example, both sentences have
whereas a counterclaim pertains to the opposing viewpoint on a dangerous to illnesses like cancer, the same idea. The second sentence is more
topic or a stand. your respiratory problems specific because the second sentence
Counterclaim It pertains to the opposing viewpoint on a topic or a stand. health. and other chronic contains supporting details and uses the
diseases. grammatical signal like to connect the
An effective paragraph should be unified, clear, coherent, and well-developed. In general idea “Smoking is dangerous to your
developing your ideas, you can use different patterns. Health.” With the supporting details “cancer,
1. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR respiratory problems and other chronic
 This is also known as the deductive method. diseases.”
 You may start the paragraph with a broad topic followed by
supporting details. This can be done by providing examples, 2. CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM
explanations and vivid descriptions about the topic.  The use of signal verbs may suggest your stand on a specific topic.
 Signal words or transitions can also be used to express general and  You can also use transition words or phrases to make your paragraph clear and
particular ideas. cohesive.
  Reasons and evidence are important in this because they support and explain the ACTIVITY 1. WORD HUNT
validity of an argument. Look for five (5) words in the puzzle to complete the sentences that follow. Write the
 Transition words and signal verbs may be used to exhibit the relationship of the claim, answers on your answer sheet.
the reason and the evidence.

The tables below contain examples of grammatical signals or expressions that can be
used for claims, counterclaims, reasons and evidence.

SIGNAL VERBS SIGNAL WORDS/VERBS FOR SIGNAL WORDS FOR

FOR CLAIMS COUNTERCLAIMS CITING EVIDENCE
agree contradict according to...
claim however evidence shows…
Conclude but the work of ______
discuss in contrast indicates…
illustrate otherwise the study reveals…
observe notwithstanding based on the
Say in opposition evidence/data… 1. The general to particular pattern of ideas is also called the _____________ method.
show nevertheless (the author) claims 2. A _____________ is a person’s own point or stand on a certain topic or issue.
suggest on the other hand / on the contrary
support although… 3. A ____________ contradicts one’s claim.
Think even though… 4. A ____________ statement is a vague idea that needs more explanation or descriptions.
state while it may be true…still
propose others may say that…but 5. A ____________ statement supports the general idea.
present it is often thought/ supposed/imagined…
point out it’s easy to think… but when you look at the ACTIVITY 2. COMPLETE ME
explain facts Read each sentence carefully and supply the appropriate grammatical signal to
complete its thought. Select your answer from the given pool of words.
Take this excerpt from an article as an example. Notice how the author effectively
used grammatical signals to express claims and counterclaims about the topic. on the other hand in contrast according to

CONSUMING FRIED FOOD, EVEN IN MODERATION, IS HARMFUL TO OUR HEARTS, SAYS such as particularly
STUDY
The more fried chicken, fish, and potatoes you eat, the more likely you are to 1. Klarisse strictly practices different healthy habits ___________ eating nutritious food,
develop serious heart disease in the long term. That’s according to a new scientific
investigation, based on a meta-analysis of nearly 20 studies showing that fried foods sleeping early, and playing sports.
are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. 2. Jenny lives a very simple life. _________, her sister Lenny is very luxurious.
It’s often believed that certain foods, even though they are considered harmful
to health, are safe when eaten in moderation. But a new study warns of the harmful 3. __________ to what has been announced, the flight was cancelled.
effects of fried foods on the heart and arteries, even in small portions. However, the 4. __________ the weather updates, there is 100% chance of heavy rain today.
study does have some limitations, as the researchers themselves point out. For
example, the mechanism behind the impact of these foods on the development of 5. Jony is a big fan of sports, ___________ basketball.
cardiovascular disease is not entirely clear, though there are some hypotheses.
Source: Inquirer.net
ENGLISH 8 (LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET) this by answering implicit questions. In the case of cause and effect, these are the what of
the effect and the why of the cause. Different signal words can be used to recognize each.
Name: _________________________________________ Section: _____________
General Direction: Please read the discussion first before answering the activities, Cause (The Why) Effect (The What)
performance task and summative assessment. Because Because of So Therefore
Since Now that Hence Accordingly
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 2 Due to As a result of Consequently This resulted in
Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or Expressions Suitable to Each Pattern of As a consequence of
Idea Development (Problem – Solution and Cause – Effect) For easy understanding of this follow the simple steps below:
DISCUSSION:
What is the Problem and Solution Text Structure?
Problem and Solution Text Structure is a pattern of organization where the idea of the
passage is showed as a dilemma or concerning issue (a problem) and something that needs
to be done to remedy this issue (solution or attempted solution). Here are the signal words
and phrases:
problem solved because answer led to since
so that dilemma question solution issue puzzle
should disadvantage in order to cause I propose if/then
thereby therefore consequently the dilemma is the problem is as
a result of

Example:
PROBLEM SOLUTION
The fire destroyed the school building. The school thereby requested the
Department of Education (DepEd) for a
new building.
Due to the increasing number of cases Therefore, we should listen to the
cause by the virus still many of us are government and follow the health
ignoring the health protocols set by the protocols to lessen the number of cases.
Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF). Activity 1. PROBLEM - SOLUTION
Match the problems in Column A with the solutions in Column B. Write the letter that
What is Cause and Effect Relationship? corresponds to your answer in your answer sheet.
CAUSE refers to the driving force in the text. It is the reason why things happen. It is A B
the thing that makes other things happen. ________1.Peg had a cold. A. So he ate two bowls of soup.
EFFECT refers to the result of an action or cause. It is what happened next in the text ________2.Rob was hungry. B. Therefore he picked his toys up.
that results from a prior cause.
________3.Jon tore his paper. C. Hence he used tape to fix it.
Signal Words and Phrases ________4.The garden had weeds. D. Accordingly she took medicine.
Signal words or transitions are signposts that help guide the reader through the
writer’s thoughts. They help connect the ideas in a text or the events in a story. Often, they do ________5.Ted’s bedroom was messy. E. So mom pulled the weed.
Activity 2. CAUSE – EFFECT ________14. The members of the English ____________ to the proposal of the project.
Read and analyze the given statements and state whether the underlined statements C. Read each sentence and determine whether it expresses a general or a particular idea. On
tell cause or effect. Write the word CAUSE if the statement tells why things happen and the blank before each number, write G if it contains a general idea, P if it is a particular idea.
EFFECT if it tells what happens next. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
________15. Many people prefer a particular type of car; for example, sports cars are very
________1. Because he was extremely feeling hot and thirsty , Jose drank two glasses of ice- popular.
cold water. ________16. Many people like sports car.
________2. Since Melissa worked very hard for the company , she was promoted as the new ________17. The students are given special assignment.
supervisor. ________18. The students, namely, Carla, Pat, and John are given special assignment.
________3. Because the rain poured so heavily, People ran for their cars. D. Read each sentence and determine whether it expresses a claim, or a counterclaim. On the
________4. Terry was trained well for the 50-yard dash competition; therefore, he won the blank before each number, write CL if it is a claim, and CC if it is a counterclaim.
gold medal. ________19. I challenge Darwin’s theory of evolution.
________5. My tooth aches so I consult my doctor. ________20. I agree that walking is a safe exercise.
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN ENGLISH 8 QUARTER 4 – MODULE 1 AND 2 ________21. One parent argues that television has a negative effect on family life.
________22. I believe that people have an intimate view of what is good for them.
A. Determine whether the statements below are true or false. Write TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if not. Write your answer on the blank before each number. E. Complete the following statements by choosing the correct signal words from the choices
________1. Signal words help in organizing and unifying the ideas in a paragraph. below. Write the letter of your answer on the blank before each number.
________2. Structure refers to the minor parts of your paragraph. ________23. I have noticed instability of the economy today; ___________ of these prices of
________3. An effective paragraph is characterized by unity, clarity, and coherence. commodities fluctuate.
________4. Signal words are limited to conjunctions. a. therefore b. because c. hence
________5. The concluding sentences provide details, facts, explanations, examples, etc. to ________24. My head keeps on aching, _____________ I consult my doctor.
expand and discuss the topic sentence. a. so b. since c. due to
________6. The topic sentence contains the main idea and is always found at the beginning ________25. __________ to typhoon, the festival was cancelled.
of the paragraph. a. hence b. therefore c. due to
________7. The general idea supports the particular or specific idea. ________26. My auntie fainted ___________ she saw a big snake.
B. Read each sentence carefully and select the appropriate grammatical signal to complete its a. because b. accordingly c. hence
thought. Select your answer from the given pool of words. Write your answer on the blank ________27. The weather is too cold to grow crops all year long, ___________ it leads to the
before each number. idea that greenhouse is a special building that stays warm during winter.
agree on the other hand for example particularly a. if b. then c. so
in contrast according to even though ________28. ____________ it was very hot outside; we were not able to take a walk.
a. thereby b. now that c. consequently
________8. ___________ to the news, Bulacan is under GCQ again. ________29. Ron stayed at home ____________ he had a flu.
________9. Mary is a big fan of KPOP, _____________ BTS. a. therefore b. hence c. because
________10. Ben loves playing baseball. ______________ his brother, Nate likes playing ________30. ______________ deliver her literary piece well, Bea hires an orator.
basketball. a. In order to b. I propose c. The problem is
________11. __________ I am allergic to sunlight, my friends and I still went to the beach for Prepared by:
sunbath.
________12. Grocery stores and wet markets require a quarantine pass to control the number ELLA MAE G. CATIIS EMILY ANNE L. DELA CRUZ MARY ROSE DJ. MALLARI
of shoppers. ___________, wearing of face mask is enforced. Teacher I Teacher I Master Teacher I
________13. __________ to what has been announced, the PTA virtual meeting was Checked by: Approved by: Noted by:
cancelled.
MARY ROSE DJ. MALLARI LORELIE P. LABAO BERNADETTE C. REYES
Master Teacher I Head Teacher I Principal III