Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., Ain Shams Univ.

, Cairo, Egypt
29(1), 459 - 469, 2021
Website: http://ajs.journals.ekb.eg
DOI: 10.21608/ajs.2021.46495.1278 459

Impact of Organic Fertilizers Derived from Banana and

Orange Peels on Tomato plant Quality
[32]
Mona I Nossier
Soils Dept, Fac of Agric, Ain Shams Univ, P.O. Box 68-Hadayek Shoubra 11241,
Cairo, Egypt
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Received 15 October, 2020 Accepted 27 January, 2021

Abstract mineral fertilization. It has also been found to

us that there are no clear significant differences
The main objective of this research is to between tomato fruits resulting from mineral
promote the reuse of wastes resulting from dif- fertilization of the ground and those that were
ferent manufacturing processes such as fruit fertilized by the mixture of banana and orange
peels (e.g. banana and orange peels) as substi- peels in terms of the ratio of nitrogen and po-
tutes (at least partially) of mineral fertilizers. tassium, weight, size and density of the fruit
This might have positive effects in maintaining and other characteristics except for the total
human health and reducing environmental pol- salts percentage, which was less Fruits ferti-
lution. Moreover, to compare the use of these lized with a mixture of banana and orange
wastes with commercial organic fertilizer i.e., peels.
compost made by Nile Company to meet the
needs of tomato plants from nitrogen (N) and Keywords: Banana and Orange Peels; Com-
potassium (K) elements. To achieve the goal, post; Tomatoes.
two experiments were conducted. The first was
an incubation experiment, which was designed 1 Introduction
to compare the organic fertilizer compost of
Nile Company and the powdered banana and There are two basic types of fertilization,
orange peels. The second was a field experi- either organic fertilization or mineral fertiliza-
ment achieved at the Faculty of Agriculture, tion, and each of them has its advantages and
Ain Shams University. Obtained results of the disadvantages, but the basic judgment for us in
incubation experiment showed increases in ni- choosing between them is the health of the hu-
trogen content by 16 to 31% and potassium by man being and the animal feeding on these
12 to 24% due to using grinded banana and or- plants. Therefore, we must be keen on fertiliz-
ange peels as compared to the compost treat- ing the soil in a way that includes us getting the
ment. Moreover, in the field experiment the plant, all its needs of plant nutrients, but in a
concentration of nitrogen (N) and potassium safe manner for human and animal health.
(K) at different plant growth stages whether in Due to the increasing population in the
soil or plant did not differ significantly be- world, the amount of wastes from food resi-
tween soil plots fertilized with mineral fertili- dues increases, and therefore there are tons of
zation and those fertilized with banana and or- these wastes produced annually, which consti-
ange ones. On contrary, potassium concentra- tutes a burden on countries in how to get rid of
tion was found higher in the soil fertilized with these solid and liquid wastes and these causing
organic fertilization than that fertilized with environmental problems (Divina, 2016).
460 Mona Nossier

World Bank report estimated that between 2 Materials and Methods

2009 and 2030, food demands will increase by
50% as the population grows, and conse- This study was carried out to study the ef-
quently will require greater food production fect of dried and grinded banana and orange
and processing. Unfortunately, not all food peels treatments (without converting them to
produced in the fields end up in the tables to compost) on the concentration of N and K by
feed the population, but a great amount even- tomato plants at different growth stages, and
tually becomes food waste (Menas et al 2011). how this treatments affect the quality of its
Fertilizers are either inorganic or organic fruit. To achieve this, two experiments were
material of natural or synthetic origin that conducted. The first was a laboratory incuba-
is added to a soil in order to supply one or more tion experiment, and the second was a field ex-
plant nutrients that are essential to the growth periment.
of plants. Fruits contain high amounts of anti-
oxidants that are beneficial to human health in 2.1. Incubation experiment
many ways (Faria et al 2006; Hiral et al (2016).
Most plants need a certain amount of This experiment was conducted mainly to
these top three macronutrients: nitrogen, compare the effect of processed plant compost
phosphorus, and potassium. Some plants are (Nile Company) and the effect of dried and
more needful of nitrogen, while others are grinded banana and orange peels on the avail-
more needful of phosphorus, and still others ability of N and K in soil at successive time
need a higher level of potassium (Kristi, intervals. The Nile Company Compost was
2018). Fruits peels contain the most incredible subjected to elemental analyses and the data
nutrients in the world. There are many health are given in (Table 1).
benefits of both orange and banana peels that Also some analyses were conducted on the
are unknown (Iram, 2015).Banana peels; it dried and grinded peels of bananas and or-
contains also manganese which helps in pho- anges. The analyses results are shown in (Ta-
tosynthesis process; sodium, which helps in ble 2).
the movement of water between cells; espe-
cially some potassium loving plants need. Table 1. Some chemical analyses of the Nile Com-
and magnesium and sulfur, both of which are pany compost
helpful in the formation of chlorophyll, also
contain calcium, which helps plants to take Element N P K Fe Zn Mn %O.C
up more nitrogen (Kristi, 2018). Banana
Concentra-
peels are particularly effective for use as a 17.2 3.6 13.9 1500 54.4 140 28.5
tion (ppm)
natural fertilizer. Also banana and orange
peels can add nutrients to the soil as they de-
compose. They rot quickly if burying them,
Table 2. Some chemical analyses of the studied
offering rich stores for vital nutrients to the
fruits peels
soil, including, magnesium, calcium, phos-
phorus, sulfur, potassium, and sodium. In ad-
dition, dried and grinded peels can be used as Element %O.
N P K Fe Zn Mn
conc. (ppm) C
mulch, or applying directly to planting areas
(Caryn, 2018). Also, banana peels are a fan- Orange peels 9.40 2.33 7.90 1.15 0.12 0.04 46.24
tastic source of organic potassium and loads
high in potassium than even wood ash (Kristi, Banana peels 11.40 2.89 24.40 1.18 0.06 0.50 37.00
2018).
A sand washed medium was prepared and
300g of it was put in a pot and mixed thor-
oughly with a given treatment as follows:

AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

 Impact of Organic Fertilizers Derived from Banana and 461
Orange Peels on Tomato plant Quality

A- 40g of Nile Company compost. Before planting of tomato seedlings, the

B- 20g of banana and orange peels. soil was fertilized with both composting ani-
C- 40g of banana and orange peels. mal waste fertilizer (80kg/32m2) and super
Each treatment was replicated three times. phosphate fertilizers (16kg/32m2). Afterwards,
Samples from each pot were taken at succes- the experimental soil was divided into four ag-
sive intervals (i.e. zero, one, two, four and ricultural lines, the area of the line (8m*70cm),
eight weeks). Available N and K concentra- the distance between lines 30cm and the dis-
tions were then determined immediately after tance between plants 10cm. The first and sec-
each sampling time. ond lines were fertilized with mineral fertiliz-
ers in the usual quantities and considered as
2.2. Field experiment control treatment. The third and fourth lines
were fertilized with grinded banana and orange
A field experiment was conducted at the peels (Table 4), in quantities that meet the nu-
Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. trient needs of the plant based on the result of
Some physical and chemical analyses of the the above analysis (Table 2).
studied soil site are shown in (Table 3). Two extracts from banana peels were col-
lected and their mineral contents was deter-
Table 3. Some physical and chemical analyses of mined and given in (Table 5).
the studied soil sample These extracts were used to spray tomato
plants before and during the flowering stages
Particle size distribution, % directly. Soil and plant samples were collected
C. Sand 14.5 during the physiological growth stages of to-
F. Sand 19.5
mato plant and nitrogen, phosphorus and po-
Silt 33.7
tassium were determined at each stage.
Clay 32.3
Texture class Silt Clay 2.3. Methods of analysis
pH (1:2.5 soil: water
suspension) 7.9 2.3.1. Soil analysis
-1
ECe, dS m 4.4 Soil samples were collected before plant
cultivation, The abovementioned soil were
Soluble cations, meq L-1 sampled at a depth of 0 to 20 cm air dried,
2+
Ca 13.4 ground and sieved through a 2mm sieve, fi-
2+
Mg 6.6 nally preserved for the following analysis ac-
Na+ 23.3 cording to Jackson (1973) and Baruah and Bar-
K+ 0.7 thakur (1997).
Soil mechanical analysis was carried out by
Soluble anions, meq L-1 the pipette method using sodium hexameta-
CO3 2-
0 phosphate as a dispersing agent.
HCO3 -
1.2 The soil available N, P and k were extracted
- by 1% K2SO4, 0.5 N NaHCO3, and 1 N
Cl 40.1
NH4OAc (pH 7.0), respectively (Black, 1965;
SO42- 2.7 Jackson, 1973).
Concerned available elements, ppm 2.3.2. Plant analysis
N 50
P 0.9 The plant samples dried at 70oC were wet
K 120 digested with a mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2 ac-
cording to Cottenie et al (1982).

AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

462 Mona Nossier

- Total nitrogen content in plant was deter- A total soluble solid of the tomato juice was
mined by micro kjeldahl method using 5% bo- measured by the method described by Tig-
ric acid and 40% NaOH as described by Black chelaar (1986).
et al (1965). - The pH of the tomato juice was determined
- Total potassium was determined using Flame by the method described by Rangana (1979).
photometer (Jackson, 1973).
- Total phosphorus was determined using spec- 2.3.3. Statistics program for statistical anal-
trophotometer. ysis (T- test in pairs- SAS- test)
- Lycopene was determined using rapid extrac-
tion of lycopene and β‐carotene from reconsti- The obtained data were statistically ana-
tuted tomato paste and pink grapefruit homog- lysed using SAS software package. The means
enates (Sadler et al 1990) that were significant were separated using
- Anti-oxidant capacity of flavonoids from Li- Duncan’s multiple range test at P=0.05 (SAS,
canialicaniaeflora (Bors, 1992; Braca, 2002). 2006).

Table 4. Rates of mineral and organic fertilizers added during tomato growth according to plant’s needs

Time
Control soil Treated soil
(week)
16kg/ 32m2 super phosphate + 80kg/32m2 compost fertilizer
1
500g banana +1000g orange dry peels
vegetable
2 Agriculture date
growth
200g banana +1000g orange dry peels
3 2
16kg/ 32m super phosphate
4 1.5kg/ 16m2 urea
16kg/ 32m2 super phosphate
5
Floral 1.5kg/ 16m2 urea
growth 300g banana + 300g orange dry peels + extract solution from
6
500g banana peels/3L water
7 spry extract solution from 500g banana fresh peels/3L water
8 spry extract solution from 1000g banana fresh peels/ 3L water
9 Fruit spry extract solution from 1000g banana fresh peels/ 3L water
growth (1.5kg Ca(NO3)2 +
13
800g K2SO4)/ 16m2

Table 5. Some chemical analyses of the two extracts from banana peels

Element N P K Fe Zn Mn
B1 (0.5kg banana peels/ 3L water) 16.3 1.4 2.5 0.299 0.469 0.243
B2 (1.0kg banana peels/ 3L water) 23.4 2.6 4.1 0.681 0.581 0.396

AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

 Impact of Organic Fertilizers Derived from Banana and 463
Orange Peels on Tomato plant Quality

3 Results banana and orange peel was observed increase

while phosphorus was low compared to con-
3.1. Incubation experiment trol treatment in the floral growth, it was ob-
served that there was an insignificant increase
In this experiment, a decrease in the per- in the ratio of potassium in the soil treated with
centage of nitrogen and potassium was ob- banana and orange peels compared to the con-
served with the passage of time, and this was trol, while the ratio of nitrogen not increased
due to the activity of microorganisms on the significantly but phosphorus was low com-
analysis of these residues (compost fertilizer - pared to control in the fruit growth stage.
banana and orange peels), but it was clear that
there was a significant increase in the ratio of
3.2.2. Results of plant analysis
nitrogen and potassium facilitated in the soil
treated with banana and orange peel compared
to the soil that treated with compost (Tables 6 The percentage of N, K and P in the vege-
and 7). tative growth of tomato plant grown in the soil
that treated by banana and orange peels was
3.2. Field experiment observed increase as compared to control treat-
ment in the vegetative growth, The percentage
3.2.1. Results of soil analysis of N, K and P in the vegetative growth of to-
mato plant grown in the soil that treated by ba-
It was observed that there was an insignifi- nana and orange peels was observed increase
cant increase in the ratio of nitrogen and potas- as compared to control treatment in the floral
sium in the soil treated with banana and orange growth, for nitrogen, there was no significant
peels compared to the control treatment, while difference between the two treatments in the
phosphorus was low compared to control in the fruit growth stage but gave higher values in po-
vegetative growth phase, the ratio of nitrogen tassium and phosphorus as compared to con-
and potassium in the ground treated with trol treatment in the growth stage.

Table 6. Effect of fertilization with banana and orange peels on nitrogen availability compared to compost

Time (week) 0 1 2 4 8

N (ppm)
Treatments
Compost 188.6 ABC 144 BDC 127.3 DES 110.3 DE 65.6 E
T 20 212.3 AB 123.3 DEC 205.6 AB 112 DEC 111 DE
T 40 238.3 A 140 BDEC 243.6 A 119.6 DEC 187.3 ABCD
Means with the same letters are not significantly different.
T 20: 10g orange peels + 10g banana peels; T 40: 20g orange peels + 20g banana peels.

Table 7. Effect of fertilization with banana and orange peels on potassium availability compared to compost
Time (week) 0 1 2 4 8
K (ppm)
Treatments
Compost 662.2 ED 530 EF 438.4 F 805.5 BCD 618.7 E
T 20 673.3 ECD 601.3 E 562.8 EF 823.1 BC 810.9 BCD
T 40 873.5 B 628.6 E 635.9 E 1030.3 A 888.2 AB
Means with the same letters are not significantly different.
T 20: 10g orange peels + 10g banana peels; T 40: 20g orange peels + 20g banana peels.

AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

464 Mona Nossier

Table 8. Effect of fertilization with banana and orange peels on the concentration of nitrogen, potassium
and phosphorus as compared to control treatment
Means T
Measurements and treatments
values Value Pr> (T)
Control 120.0
Vegetable growth stage (N)
Treatment 193.0 1.80 0.02
Control 2.4
Vegetable growth stage (P)
Treatment 1.3 2.50 0.12
Control 294.8
Vegetable growth stage (K)
Treatment 339.5 0.90 0.46
Control 162.0
Floral growth stage (N)
Treatment 175.0 0.27 0.81
Control 10.1
Floral growth stage (P)
Treatment 6.2 1.25 0.33
Control 372.6
Floral growth stage (K)
Treatment 390.1 0.96 0.43
Control 123.5
Fruit growth stage (N)
Treatment 125.0 0.01 0.99
Control 2.8
Fruit growth stage (P)
Treatment 1.8 1.53 0.26
Control 169.0
Fruit growth stage (K)
Treatment 221.0 8.12 0.01
Pr> (T) 0.05 not significant.

3 2.57
2.5 2.25
1.87
2 1.61
1.5
1
0.254 0.396
0.5
0
N% P% K% N% P% K%
Control Treatment

vegetable growth

.
Fig 1. Effect of fertilization on banana and orange peels on the concentration of nitrogen, potassium and
phosphorus as compared to control at the vegetative growth stage

AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

 Impact of Organic Fertilizers Derived from Banana and 465
Orange Peels on Tomato plant Quality

12
9.65
10
8.4
8

6 4.55
4
4

2
0.316 0.406
0
N% P% K% N% P% K%
Control Treatment

Floral growth

Fig 2. Effect of fertilization with banana and orange peels on the concentration of nitrogen, potassium and
phosphorus as compared to control at floral growth stage

3.5 3.16 3.19 3.19

3
2.5
2 1.78
1.5
1
0.298 0.377
0.5
0
N% P% K% N% P% K%
Control Treatment

Fruit growth

Fig 3. Effect of fertilization with banana and orange peels on the concentration of nitrogen, potassium and
phosphorus as compared to control at the fruit growth stage

Table 9. Effect of banana and orange peels fertilization on the nutrients content of
tomato fruits

Element (%) Control Treatment

N 3.5 a 2.66 ab
P 0.439 a 0.443 a
K 1.89 a 1.87 a

AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

466 Mona Nossier

Table 10. Effect of banana and orange peels fertilization on the quality of tomato fruits compared to con-
trol treatment

Mean T
Measurements and treatments Pr> (T)
Values Value
Control 81.2
Weight (g) Treatment 71.5 1.23 0.29
Control 52.4
Volume (cm3) Treatment 71.2 1.18 0.31
Control 0.89
Fruit Density (g/cm3) Treatment 0.93 195 0.12
Control 87.8
Total Water content (%) Treatment 86.3 2.14 0.09
Control 4.1
True Acidity (pH) Treatment 3.6 0.84 0.44
Control 3906.7
TDS (mg/ l) Treatment 3026.7 8.32 0.001
Control 50.5
Lycopene (mg/g fresh wt.) Treatment 50.3 0.13 0.91
Control 55.9
Anti-Oxidant Capacity Treatment 48.3 4.04 0.015
Pr> (T) 0.05 not significantly

3.2.3. Results of tomato plant analysis especially in the proportion of total salts and
acidity were less than the control.
It is noted that there were no significant dif- The reason is that banana and orange peel
ferences in the standards for the quality of to- is rich in many plant nutrients during its vari-
mato fruits between the treatment of banana ous stages of development. Several studies
and orange peel and control treatment except have confirmed the richness of fruits and veg-
in the TDS (mg/ L). etables with a variety of nutrients.
Both have been explained (Tsay et al 2004;
4 Discussion Mercy et al 2014a), it has become common re-
cently that use fruit and vegetable peels as fer-
Previous results obtained indicate that min- tilizer for the soil, as the efficiency and fertility
eral fertilizers can be substituted with organic of the soil have increased by using different
fertilizers resulting from the use of banana and formulations of organic fertilizers with fruit
orange peel where it was observed the conver- peels, as there has been an increase in the var-
gence of the results obtained and the absence ious types of microorganisms suitable for plant
of any significant differences when fertilizing growth in the soil. It has been observed that the
banana and orange scales or fertilization with increase in the elemental content of the earth is
the usual mineral fertilizer used, on the con- due to the fact that these crusts are rich in ele-
trary, there was an increase in the potassium ments necessary for the soil and plant growth.
ratio at each stage of tomato plant growth when Mercy et al (2014b) emphasized in their re-
fertilizing with banana and orange peel. search that the fruit peels of banana, sweet
It was also observed that there were no sig- lemon, orange and pomegranate are very rich
nificant differences in the quality of the fruits in iron, potassium, zinc and many other ele-
of the tomato plant according to both methods ments that increase soil fertility and thus in-
in fertilization high in the quality of tomato crease the growth and health of the plant.
fruits fertilized with banana and orange peel,

AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

 Impact of Organic Fertilizers Derived from Banana and 467
Orange Peels on Tomato plant Quality

Hiral et al (2016) have confirmed in their Braca, A, Sortino, C; Politi, M; Morelli, I;

research that the use of powdered fruit peels Mendez J (2002) Antioxidant activity of flavo-
such as bananas, oranges, pomegranates, and noids from Licania licaniaeflora. J. Eth-
others can be used as fertilizer for the ground, nopharmacology 79, 379- 381.
regulating the pH and supplementing some nu-
Caryn, (2018)Banana Peels & Orange Peels
trients such as zinc, iron and calcium, and they
in the Garden. Updated December 14,
emphasized that the use of these peels in ferti-
https://homeguides.sfgate.com/.
lization does not require a high cost and thus it
also helps in transferring waste into usable ma- Cottenie, A; Verloo, M; Kiekens, L; Velgh, G
terials. and Camerlynech R (1982) Chemical Analysis
of Plants and Soils. State Univ. Ghent, Bel-
5 Conclusion gium 63.
Divina, CC (2016) Scraps No More: Fruit
It can be conclude that the trend towards re- Wastes for Benefits of Plants and Animals. In-
cycling of organic wastes such as peel fruits ter. J. Agric. Tech 12, 1535- 1545.
and vegetables and fertilizing the soil, where it
was found that this method is easier to apply Faria, A; Calhau, C; Freitas, V; Mateus, N
and does not take a long time or high cost as it (2006) Procyanidins as antioxidants and tumor
has not any obstacles, not producing any cell growth modulators. J. Agric. Food.
smells, does not need to allocate specific Chem. Mar 22; 54(6), 2392-2397.
places for the manufacturing and processing Hiral, JJ; Syed HS (2016) Study on Use of
compared to the traditional compost or mineral Fruit Peels Powder as a Fertilizer. Conference:
fertilizer, (from the soil and back to the Recent Advances in Environmental Sciences
soil).The study recommend more detailed and Engineering, pp 1-4.
studies on the utilization of agricultural wastes
(e.g. fruits peels) . In this concern, it is recom- Iram, Z(2015) Health benefits of orange and
mended to collect fruits peels from factories, banana peels. Updated: Friday, December 11,
drying, grinding and then add with the munic- https://www.boldsky.com/.
ipal fertilizer to the soil two weeks before Kristi, S (2018) Banana Peel Fertilizer Ben-
planting. It is also preferable to calculate the efits and uses, June 16 https://stonefam-
plant needs of the nutrients and accordingly ilyfarmstead.com/.
add the appropriate quantities of dried banana
and orange peel to meet its needs. Menas, C; Adenso-Diaz, BB; Yurt, O (2011)
The causes of food waste in the supplier re-
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AUJASCI, Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 29(1), 2021

 ‫مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية للعلوم الزراعية‪ ،‬جامعة عين شمس‪ ،‬القاهرة‪ ،‬مصر‬
‫مجلد(‪ ،)29‬عدد(‪2021 ،469 - 459 ،)1‬‬
‫‪Website: http://ajs.journals.ekb.eg‬‬
‫‪DOI: 10.21608/ajs.2021.46495.1278‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬

‫تأثير األسمدة العضوية المشتقة من قشور البرتقال والموز على جودة نبات الطماطم‬
‫]‪[32‬‬
‫*‬
‫منى إبراهيم نصير‬
‫قسم اآلراضي ‪ -‬كلية الزراعة ‪ -‬جامعة عين شمس ‪ -‬ص‪.‬ب ‪ – 68‬حدائق شب ار ‪ - 11241‬القاهرة – مصر‬

‫‪*Corresponding author: [email protected]‬‬

‫‪Received 15 October, 2020‬‬ ‫‪Accepted 27 January, 2021‬‬

‫أزمنة متعاقبة‪ .‬أما المرحلة الثانية فكانت عبارة عن إجراء‬ ‫الموجـــــــــــــــــز‬

‫تجربة حقلية في صوبة كلية الزراعة‪ ،‬جامعة عين شمس‬
‫حيث قسمت األرض إلى قطعتين األولى تم تسميدها‬ ‫الهدف األساسي من هذا البحث هو تعزيز إستخدام‬
‫بالتسميد المعدني المعتاد واألخرى تم تسميدها بقشور‬ ‫المخلفات الناتجة من عمليات التصنيع الغذائي المختلفة‬
‫الموز والبرتقال المجففة وقد أخذت عينات أرضية ونباتية‬ ‫مثل قشور الفواكه خاصة قشور البرتقال والموز الناتجة‬
‫للتحليل على فترات نمو النبات المختلفة‪ .‬أبرز النتائج‬ ‫من عمليات تصنيع العصائر في التسميد العضوي‬
‫المتحصل عليها خالل هذه التجربة أن تركيز عنصري‬ ‫للنباتات بدالً من التسميد المعدني خاصة بعد ثبوت مدى‬
‫النيتروجين والبوتاسيوم خالل مراحل نمو النبات سواء في‬ ‫غنى هذه القشور بالعناصر الغذائية األساسية والضرورية‬
‫األرض أو النبات لم يكن فيها أي إختالف معنوي ما بين‬ ‫للنبات‪ .‬هذا بالطبع له تأثير إيجابي فعال في الحفاظ‬
‫المسمدة بقشور‬
‫المسمدة بالتسميد المعدني وتلك ُ‬ ‫األرض ُ‬ ‫على صحة اإلنسان والتقليل من التلوث البيئي نتيجة‬
‫الموز والبرتقال بل على العكس من ذلك في بعض مراحل‬ ‫إعادة تدوير هذه المخلفات‪ .‬ومن هذا المنطلق تم تجميع‬
‫نمو النبات كان تركيز عنصر البوتاسيوم أكبر في‬ ‫قشور الموز والبرتقال ثم تجفيفهم على درجة ح اررة ‪°70‬م‬
‫المسمدة بالتسميد العضوي عن تلك ُ‬
‫المسمدة‬ ‫األراض ُ‬ ‫ثم طحنهم وإخضاعهم لعدد من التحليالت للكشف عن‬
‫بالتسميد المعدني‪ .‬أوصت الدراسة باالتجاه نحو إعادة‬ ‫نسب العناصر بهم‪ ،‬وفي نفس الوقت تم إختيار نبات‬
‫تدوير المخلفات العضوية مثل قشور الفواكه والخضروات‬ ‫الطماطم ألجراء هذه التجربة عليه حيث قد تم حساب‬
‫من خالل تجفيفها ثم طحنها وتسميد االرض بها حيث‬ ‫اإلحتياجات الغذائية له من كل عنصر من العناصر‬
‫وجد أن هذه الطريقة أسهل في التطبيق وال تاخذ مدة‬ ‫الضرورية خاصة عنصري النيتروجين والبوتاسيوم‪ .‬وقد‬
‫زمنية كبيرة أو تكلفة عالية‪ ،‬كما أنه اليوجد لها آية‬ ‫أجريت التجربة على مرحلتين‪ ،‬األولى هي تجربة تحضين‬
‫معوقات وال تصدر منها آية روائح وال تحتاج إلى‬ ‫أقيمت بغرض عمل مقارنة بين سماد عضوي دارج‬
‫تخصيص أماكن محددة لتصنيعها وتجهيزها بعكس ما‬ ‫إستخدامه وهو كمبوست شركة النيل وبين السماد‬
‫يحدث أثناء تصنيع الكمبوست العادي وبالتالي فإن لهذه‬ ‫المحضر من قشور الموز والبرتقال المجفف وذلك بهدف‬ ‫ُ‬
‫الطريقة أهمية بيئية وإقتصادية عالية‪.‬‬ ‫تتبع تركيزات عنصري النيتروجين والبوتاسيوم على عدة‬