COURSE MODULE

GENERAL ENGLISH

MODULE 1: UNIT 1
I AM AN ENTERPRENEUR!

Understanding the basic structure of English and use it in a

business context.

Fakultas Program Studi Tatap Muka Kode MK Disusun Oleh

Bahasa 190001009 Tim Dosen

01
Abstract Competency

This unit explains the use of pronouns Students can distinguish pronouns
and nouns in English sentences and how from nouns and use them to
introduce themselves professionally
to use them in a professional self-
in English.
introduction.
 A. GRAMMAR FOCUS: PARTS OF SPEECH

©BACTTraining

A part of speech is a term used to describe main categories into which words are
classified, e.g. noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, articles and
determiners, and interjection. Word types in English can be divided into nine parts of speech.
Every sentence in English may contain words that fall into some of the nine parts of speech. In
this lesson, we will learn about the first two parts of speech: noun and pronoun. Before we do,
please look at the below short bio of a new employee and identify the noun(s) and pronoun(s)
you find there by highlighting the words in blue (for pronouns) and green (for nouns):

My name is Craig David and I am a Junior Web Developer for ABC Technologies. I am an
accomplished coder and programmer, and I enjoy applying my skills to contribute to our
advanced world of technology. I graduated from the Maryland Institute of Technology in 2014
with a Bachelor's Degree in Software Development. While studying, I earned some Awards for
accomplishing the programming challenges and winning the first place in the 2018 coding
competition.

Now, let‟s check if you identified the pronoun and noun correctly by studying the
explanations below.
I. PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word that refers to or takes the place of a noun. The noun being referred
to is called the antecedent. The antecedent identifies the pronoun in a sentence. For example:
● The man said that he was exhausted after working for hours.

antecedent pronoun

● Greg lost his key and he could not find it.

antecedent antecedent pronoun pronoun

There are many different types of pronoun:

1. Personal pronoun
2. Possessive adjective/ possessive determiners
3. Possessive pronoun
4. Reflexive pronoun
5. Interrogative pronoun
6. Relative pronoun
7. Indefinite pronoun

● PERSONAL PRONOUN : The words I, you, he, she, it, we and they are called personal
pronouns. They take the place of nouns and are used as the subject of the verb in a
sentence. The subject of a sentence can be a person, animal, place or thing that does the
action shown by the verb.
Examples:
● We have met at the conference before.
● I am having a conversation with my boss at the moment.
The words me, you, him, her, it, us and them are also personal pronouns. Personal
pronouns also take the place of nouns. These pronouns are used as the object of the
verb in a sentence.
Examples:
● The company contacted me today.
● The customer gave him five stars for being a polite U-driver.
● POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE or POSSESSIVE DETERMINERS are not the same as
possessive pronouns. The words are my, your, our, their, his, her, its. Use these words
before nouns to say who something belongs to.
Examples:
● John is having his lunch.
● The clients introduced their product to us. .

We use possessive adjectives:

● To show something belongs to somebody:

a) That's our new boss.
b) My nickname is El.

● For relations and friends:

a) My mother is a professor.
b) How old is your best friend?

● For parts of the body:

a) Her eyes are brown.
b) We have to wash our hands before entering the office building.
c) The security asked the guest to show his ears.

● POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS such as mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, and its serve to
show someone‟s possession of something. Possessive pronouns can function as either the
subject or the object of a sentence. Examples:

● Our uniform is red.

= Ours is red.
● We need to renew our contract.
= We need to renew ours.
● Your boss is the same as his boss.
= yours is the same as his.

● REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS are words that refer back to a person, a thing, or an animal that
becomes the subject of the verb. Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves and themselves. Examples:
● He talked to himself.
● She does all the work herself.
Reflexive pronoun can also be used for emphasis. This means that the subject did
the action alone.
Examples:
 ● He himself organized the event.
● You yourself must do this task.
● The new college introduced himself.

Personal pronoun Possessive Possessive Reflexive

adjective pronoun pronoun

(as subject) (as object)

I Me My.. Mine Myself

PLURAL you You Your.. Yours Yourself

we Us Our .. Ours Ourselves

they Them Their .. Theirs Themselves

SINGULAR he Him His … His Himself

she Her Her … Hers Herself

it It Its … Its itself

● INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS are usually used to ask questions. They are also known
as the WH-questions: what, who, whom, which, whose, and how. Examples:
● What did you do last Sunday?
● Which of the products do you like best?
● Who is coming to our company‟s anniversary?

● RELATIVE PRONOUNS are often introduced by these pronouns: who, whom, which,
that, when, where and whose).
a. WHO usually refers to person. For example:
1. Isn‟t that the man who works at the same company as yours?
2. Have you heard the project that has just been approved?
Sometimes whom is used instead of who when the relative pronoun is the object:
3. Who was the young man whom the manager was scolding?

b. WHICH refers to things:

1. He is moving to a new office, which he likes.
2. The agreement which they had been discussing about for months is canceled.
 c. THAT refers to a thing or sometimes a person:
1. The transaction that he made online is illegal.
2. The people that are good at Math can usually be a programmer.

● INDEFINITE PRONOUNS are used for non-specific things and divided into singular and
plural. That makes them the largest group of pronouns.
Indefinite pronouns are used for non-specific things. This is the largest group of pronouns.

SINGULAR PLURAL EXAMPLES

either….or…… and 1. Either the manager or his

subordinates are not in the meeting
Neither..nor… both …..and….
room.
whether….or….
2. Neither the new employees nor
Nor Tom understands what happened.

or 3. Neither Jon nor Bill is going to

the office today.

Much, little, amount Many, number

another, each, every both

any + singular noun: several

anyone, anybody, anything

some + singular noun: Few, fewer

somebody, someone, something

Every + singular noun: 1. Everybody was asked to

everyone, everybody, everything come on time.

2. One of my friends believes in

E.S.P.
No + singular noun:

no body, no one, nothing

There There 1. There are many things to do

before the holidays.

2. Here is the report you wanted.

all, some, most, half, part, a lot of can be singular or plural, depending on what follows the
preposition of.

all, some, most, half, part, a lot of can be followed by either singular or plural, depending on
the word after the preposition of.
a. Some of the money was returned.
(Some is used in the singular to indicate one portion of the money and takes the
singular verb.)
b. Some of the employees were exhausted after finishing the project.
(Some clearly means more than one of the employees, so the plural verb is used.)

c. Most of the information is good. (singular)

d. Most of the stories were not true. (plural)

e. All of the luggage was gone (singular)

f. All of the employees were late (plural)

II. NOUN
Nouns are words used to describe a living thing, a place, an object, or even a concept. For
examples:
 The new manager was chosen as the project‟s leader. (living thing)
 We have been working in Jakarta for years. (place)
 Does he accept our business plan? (object)
 The employees‟ freedom of choice must be protected. (concept)
Nouns can be singular or plural. When you are talking about one person, animal, place, or
thing, use a singular noun.
 A. COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns refer to all the nouns in English that can be counted. Countable nouns can take
a singular or a plural form. For a singular one, we usually add „a‟ or „an‟, whereas for the plural
one we add „s‟ or „es.‟ Some plural nouns are irregular. Here are some examples:
A book/ books A match/ matches A sock/ socks

A car/ cars A needle/ needles A tool/ tools

A goose/ geese A tooth/ teeth A cactus/ cacti

These are how you put in sentences:

● I bought three cups of coffee yesterday.
● The new employees are very polite.

Some plural nouns end in

-es -ies -f -fe

When the last letters Nouns like these are If a noun ends in -f, With some words
of singular nouns are made plural by changing you often change f to that end in -fe,
ch, sh, s, ss or x. v, and add -es you change f to v,
y to i and adding -es
and add -s.

Buses Candy – candies Calf – calves Knife – knives

Glasses Butterfly – butterflies Leaf – leaves Life – lives

Watches Canary - canaries Thief - thieves Wife – wives

brushes

Some plural nouns don‟t follow the -s rule. They don‟t end in
-s, -es, -ies or -ves. Instead, the word changes form.

Singular Plural

Mouse Mice

Goose Geese
 Foot Feet

Woman/man Women/men

Tooth Teeth

Child children

B. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
The uncountable nouns are the nouns including substances and concepts that we cannot divide
into separate elements. In other words, we cannot really count them. Here are some examples of
the uncountable nouns:
Air Gasoline Smoke

Dust Light Sunshine

Fire Oxygen Water

Some nouns, while plural in form, are actually singular in meaning.

For examples:
mathematics mumps economics
measles statistics civics
physics gymnastics phonics
news acrobatics thesis

Examples:
a. Mathematics is an easy subject for some people.
b. Mumps is one of the most uncomfortable diseases.
c. The news about the COVID-19 pandemic is worrying.

Sometimes, the same noun can be countable and uncountable, often with a change of
meaning.
Countable Uncountable

There are two hairs in my coffee! Hair I don't have much hair.
There are two lights in our bedroom. Light Close the curtain. There's too
much light!

Shhhhh! I thought I heard a noise.

It's difficult to work when
There are so many different noises noise
there is too much noise.
in the city.

Have you got a paper to read?

I want to draw a picture. Have
(newspaper) paper you got some paper?

Hand me those student papers.

Is there room for me to sit

Our house has seven rooms. room here?

We had a great time at the party How Have you got time for a

many times have I told you no? coffee?

time

Macbeth is one of Shakespeare‟s I have no money. I need work!

greatest works.
work

B. GRAMMAR PRACTICE
EXERCISE 1
Underline the incorrect word in each sentence and write the correct word in the space provided.
1. He takes part in a lot of extracurricular activitys. ______________
2. I always put three teaspoon of sugar in my coffee. ______________
3. The field is full of sheeps. ______________
4. The thief were wearing jeans. ______________
5. Money cannot buy happinesses. ______________
6. They want to finish the job themself. ______________
7. How many piece of cheese would you like? ______________
8. A mice was hiding under the table. ______________
9. Three passer-bys were shot in the raid. ______________
10.Put on more cloth or you will get a cold. ______________

EXERCISE 2
Can you identify the noun and pronoun in the above sentences? Highlight them!

C. SPEAKING TOPIC: INTRODUCING YOURSELF PROFESSIONALLY IN

ENGLISH

You can use nouns and pronouns to introduce yourself. Now, take a look at the below dialogue
and identify the noun(s) and pronoun(s) used there? You can highlight the nouns you find there
with blue, and the pronouns with yellow.
A: Hello, my name is Roland Parg
B: Pleased to meet you. I am Peter Clark.
A: Are you from New York?
B: No, I am actually based in Seattle.
A: I see. What company are you with?
B: I am with Megatech Ltd.
A: Megatech? It sounds familiar, is it the one known for its expertise in manufacturing power-
related products?
B: You‟re right. I work for that company. I am in charge of producing and distributing power
equipment.
A: That‟s interesting. How long have you been working there?
B: Six years. What company are you with?
A: I am with Digitech. Can I have your business card? Let me give you mine as well.
B: Sure, you can contact me here!
A: It‟s been a pleasure meeting you here.
B: The pleasure is mine. We‟ll talk again soon.
Now, you can read out a dialogue together with a partner. Pay attention to your
pronunciation.

There are some expressions you can use to introduce yourself in English. You can also give the
details about your job and describe your job responsibilities. Here are some examples:

Introducing yourself Describing job responsibilities

My name is … I deal with …

I am originally from … I handle …
I am based in … I am in charge of …
I work for … / I am with … I am responsible for …
I have been working here for … My job involves …
I am in charge of …/ I am responsible for … I oversee …

Sometimes you need to also pay attention to the person you talk to when introducing yourself.
When introducing yourself to some strangers or the people you have just met, you may want to
start a conversation first and make small talk. Here are some other useful tips that you can
follow:

USEFUL TIPS:
 You may want to comment on or ask about trivial things with conviction, interest, and
enthusiasm before introducing yourself. Asking if the presentation given in the
conference is interesting or not, is one of ways to start a conversation before introducing
yourself.
 Pay attention to your partner‟s mood when having a conversation. You may need to
laugh when your partner is making a joke. Try not to be too serious and smile when you
introduce yourself.
 Ask where your parent comes from and respond to the same question by adding
something interesting about the place you are from.
 Ask what your partner does and what exactly (s)he does. When you are asked the same
question, you can include some interesting or amusing information about your job
responsibilities or duties at work.
 You may want to exchange your business card to contact the person later.
C. SPEAKING PRACTICE
Together with a partner, make a conversation about your personal information. You can
take turn asking each other questions about your name, educational background, address,
hobbies and other information that let your partner get to know you better. Write down your
conversation and act it out later.

D. MINI PROJECT

©Pexels

You are meeting a business partner at a conference. Start a conversation with the
person and introduce yourself professionally using the expressions you have learned.
Do not forget to add the target grammar (pronouns and nouns) in your dialogue.
Videotape yourself acting out the dialogue with your partner. Send the video to your
lecturer.
REFERENCE
Azar, Betty Schrampfer. Basic english grammar. Prentice Hall Regents, 1996.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer. Fundamentals of English grammar. Longman, 2003.

Indeed.com. “How To Write A Short Bio.” 27 May. 2021, https://www.indeed.com/career-

advice/career-development/how-to-write-a-short-bio