MATH 102 Test 2 Solutions Overview
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Letsile UtlwangMATH 102 Test 2 Solutions Overview
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Letsile UtlwangCommon questions
Powered by AILocal maxima and minima are significant as they represent peaks and troughs in the function's graph. For f(x), critical points are identified where f'(x) = 0, at x = -2 and x = 2 . Evaluations using the first derivative test or second derivative (f'' < 0 at x = -2 and f'' > 0 at x = 2) confirm (−2, 4) as a local maximum and (2, 4) as a local minimum . These points are critical for understanding the function's overall shape and balance .
The direction of a function's graph is determined by the sign of its derivative over specified intervals. For f(x), using f'(x), intervals -∞ to -2 and 2 to ∞ with f' > 0 indicate the graph is increasing . Conversely, in intervals -2 to 0 and 0 to 2 with f' < 0, the graph decreases . This method identifies the segments where the graph moves upwards or downwards .
The process begins by differentiating the function y = 1/2 e^{-x^2} to get y' = -x e^{-x^2} . Then, differentiating again, we apply the product and chain rules: y'' = -x d/dx(e^{-x^2}) + e^{-x^2} d/dx(-x) = -x(-2x)e^{-x^2} + e^{-x^2}(-1). Simplifying gives y'' = e^{-x^2}(2x^2 - 1).
The intervals of increase and decrease are determined using test values in the derivative f'(x). For -∞ < x < -2 and 2 < x < ∞, the function f is increasing because f' > 0 . For -2 < x < 0 and 0 < x < 2, f is decreasing since f' < 0 . Even though f'(x) is undefined at x = 0, x = 0 is not a critical number because it is not in the domain of f .
The second derivative test involves evaluating Pr''(x) = -2, which is less than zero . This indicates that the function has a maximum point at x = 490, confirming maximum profit when 490 units are produced .
Critical numbers occur where the first derivative h'(x) = 0, such as at x = 1 and x = 1/3. Points of inflection occur where the second derivative changes sign. For h(x), h''(x) = 6x - 4 changes sign at x = 2/3, indicating an inflection point . Although critical points and inflection points are related through derivative evaluations, they serve different roles in analyzing function behavior .
The critical numbers are found by setting h'(x) = 3x^2 - 4x + 1 to zero: (3x - 1)(x - 1) = 0, leading to x = 1 and x = 1/3 . At x = 1, h''(x) = 6x - 4 evaluates to 2, indicating a local minimum . At x = 1/3, h''(x) evaluates to -2, indicating a local maximum .
The maximum profit is calculated by evaluating the profit function Pr(x) at the critical point x = 490, found by setting Pr'(x) = -2x + 980 = 0 . The profit value at x = 490 is Pr(490) = -(490)^2 + 980(490) - 3000, resulting in a maximum profit of 237,100 . This indicates that maximum profit occurs when 490 units are produced and sold .
Concavity is determined by the sign of the second derivative f''(x). For the intervals (-∞, 0) and (0, ∞), the function is concave down where f'' < 0 and concave up where f'' > 0. Testing values: at x = -1, f'' < 0 means the function is concave down on (-∞, 0); at x = 1, f'' > 0 indicates concave up on (0, ∞).
To calculate the price per unit needed to maximize profit, given the profit function Pr(x) = R(x) - C(x) = 1000x - x^2 - (3000 + 20x), first find Pr'(x) and set it to zero to find the critical number: Pr'(x) = -2x + 980 = 0, which gives x = 490 . Using the price function p(x) = 1000 - x, the price per unit will be p = 1000 - 490 = 510 .
