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Lexico-Grammar and Reading Test

The passage discusses several theories about why humans and animals sleep. Early theories proposed that sleep was caused by a buildup of toxins in the body or changes in body temperature from digestion. Modern research in the 1950s identified two types of sleep: REM and non-REM sleep. While much research has been done since, sleep remains largely mysterious. Some theories suggest sleep evolved to conserve energy when movement was difficult or dangerous. However, this does not explain why animals still sleep when they are safe. Research on ground squirrels found they slept even when hibernating, showing sleep serves another purpose beyond energy conservation. Established research shows sleep is important for brain functions like memory and learning by allowing consolidation of information acquired during the day

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
361 views11 pages

Lexico-Grammar and Reading Test

The passage discusses several theories about why humans and animals sleep. Early theories proposed that sleep was caused by a buildup of toxins in the body or changes in body temperature from digestion. Modern research in the 1950s identified two types of sleep: REM and non-REM sleep. While much research has been done since, sleep remains largely mysterious. Some theories suggest sleep evolved to conserve energy when movement was difficult or dangerous. However, this does not explain why animals still sleep when they are safe. Research on ground squirrels found they slept even when hibernating, showing sleep serves another purpose beyond energy conservation. Established research shows sleep is important for brain functions like memory and learning by allowing consolidation of information acquired during the day

Uploaded by

Võ Như Tú Anh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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II.

LEXICO-GRAMMAR (40 points)


Part 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions and write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
26. We are not known _____ at all, and as we grow, we feel a progressive lack of individual
personality.
A.gruellingly B.severally C.expensively
D.brusquely
27. He has fled to the mountains of Galicia,______ he cannot possibly escape on horseback over
the border.
A.meanwhile B.heterofore C.whence
D.indefinitely
28.While her mother sat at the window, striving to read, the child, who was in one of her moods of
obstreperous gaiety, began playing a grand game.
A.boisterous B.tentative C.creative
D.precarious
29.The luxurious office accentuated the manager’s position ____. It enhanced his power ans his
sense of his own worth. And it made other people feel small.
A.on the pecking pole B.in the nibbling line
C.at the nipping post D. in the packing order
30.’Have you tried to read the guarantee?’-‘There’s so much legal ___ that it’s impossible to
understand’.
A.mumbo jumbo B.bongo bongo C.abracadabra D.okey-dokey
31.Documentation is required before the drug can get the seal of ____ from world health authorities.
A.approval B.assent C.consent
D.permission
32.Many Americans refused to fall in with the idea that religion is a(n)____ disputable anachronism.
A.academically B.cerebrally C.cognitively
D.intellectually
33.Many people have written to the newspaper to show their____ of such behaviour.
A.antipathy B.abhorrence C.aversion D.animosity
34.The regular appearance of sex and violence on television undoubtedly has a ____ influence on
teenagers.
A.precipitous B.parsimonious C.pernicious
D.propitious
35.It’s disquieting that there has been an increased____of cancer near the nuclear power station.
A.occurence B.accidence C.persistence D.incidence
36.From this year on, under-fives will get travel_____, which certainly makes huge savings for family
trips.
A.consolations B.concessions C.contortions D.constrictions
37.Her____ display of tears at work did not impress her new boss, who felt she should try to control
her emotions.
A.maudlin B.meritorious C.precarious D.plausible
38.Robert is a well-behaved child, but his younger brother is a bit of a(n)_____.
A.handful B.eyeful C.skinful D.armful
39. The teacher, by dint of draconian disciplinary measures, has____ terror among his students.
A.stimulated B.inspired C.engaged D.stirred
40.The authority should not have made those cutting comments, no matter how you____ it.
A.cut B.slice C.chop D.clip

Page 1 of 13 pages
Your answers :
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Part 2: For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the
numbered space provided
41.The_______reservation and donation system too adds to the youths’ inquietude. (PERVADE)
42.The splendid onomatopoea of ‘hoary roaring sea’ reminds us how well_____ and alliteration
work throughout the poem. (SOUND)
43.I must admit that it is time the organizers dis away with the ______ computer system and nought
a new one. (ANNUAL)
44._____ candidates who actively ccontribute to the development of the company stand a better
chance of being recruited. (GET)
45. Avid descriptions of sophisticated technologies gave the science-fiction novel ‘The War of the
Worlds’ a sense of____(SIMILAR).

41. 42. 43.


44. 45.
III. READING (50 POINTS)

Part 1: Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)

Greatness
It is rare indeed that we have the opportunity to behold (46) _______work the titanic forces
that prime the Earth's massifs, those monumental ranges that are the (47) _______ of legend; that
represent the pinnacle of human conquest; that tease mankind and dare it to attempt a summit climb,
(48) _______the treachery and deadliness of the path that leads to dizzying success and immortality.
Many have started the quest and failed, some (49) _______ the ultimate price, and it is not (50)
_______ our mountaineers and explorers who seek to surmount the insurmountable; humanity as a
(51) _______ has, forever it seems, had a morbid sort of fascination with nature's tallest, indelibly
snow-capped peaks. (52) _______ is it only the prospect of their ascent that piques the interest; it is
their very existence; we gaze up at them from the depths of normality - from the pitiful elevations of
ground level - and all of us, in our own (53) _______, dream of becoming master of their heights and
of viewing the world from atop their menacing crests. The photographer captures his dream in that
perfect image, content to idealise the prospect of the ultimate challenge - it is for others to master, not
him. The writer translates his dreams into prose, romanticising the quest, compelling other (54)
_______ courageous souls to take those first brave steps into the unknown, whence they may never
return, save in lore. The journalist reports their successes and failures with equal measures of gusto -

Page 2 of 13 pages
for him, the story ends well (55) _______ way.
Your answers
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

Part 2. For questions 56-68, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.

The Mystery of Sleep


Sleep takes up precious time and leaves us vulnerable, so why do we do it?
A. The question of why we sleep has been on people’s minds at least since the time of Aristotle, who
believed that the warming and cooling of the body as a result of digestion caused sleep. Though we
know this is incorrect today, other early theories have held up better. The possibility of a ‘sleep toxin’
– a substance that built up during the day, causing drowsiness, and was subsequently relieved by
sleep – was put forward by Henri Pieron in the early 1900s, and this concept is not unlike some
contemporary ideas about sleep that researchers are pursuing today. It was not until 1953 that
Nathaniel Kleitman and his colleagues identified two different kinds of sleep; REM and non-REM
sleep. Many say that this breakthrough paved the way for modern sleep research. But since then,
despite the great deal of effort that has been made to better understand sleep, it is still largely a
mysterious phenomenon.
B. Among living things, sleep is practically universal. Even jellyfish, which have no brains,
experience something called sleep pressure – the need to rest longer after being kept awake. Tiny
worms, with only a few neurons, spend time in a sleep-like state and die more quickly when exposed
to stress if this state is prevented. Sharks and dolphins, which must keep moving at all times in order
to breathe, have the ability to sleep with one hemisphere of the brain at a time. Yet, when an animal
sleeps, it cannot protect itself from danger, it cannot eat or reproduce. Sleep is high-risk and costly, so
why is it such a universal phenomenon? Clearly, it must be important.
C. One theory about the reason for sleep is that it arose simply as a way to save energy. If there were
times when it was difficult or hazardous for an animal to move around, then it might make sense for
them to simply enter a sleep state when all of their physical systems slow down. That way, they
would require less food, and could hide away from danger. The observation that animals with few
natural predators, lions, for example, sleep up to 15 hours a day, while small prey animals seldom
sleep more than 5 hours a day, seems to contradict this, however. In addition, the objection has been
raised that sleep only lowers the metabolism by 10-15 per cent, so not much energy is, in fact, saved.
According to Serge Daan, a researcher who studied arctic ground squirrels, something else must be
taking place. He found that the ground squirrels would periodically come out of their suspended-
animation-like state of hibernation in order to sleep. For these animals, sleep was actually
energetically expensive, so it must serve some other essential purpose.
D. It is well established that the act of sleeping is important for essential brain functions such as
memory and learning. A rapidly increasing body of cognitive research suggests that sleep allows us to
consolidate and process information that has been acquired during the day. Sleep scientist Matthew
Walker used MRI scans to visualise activity in the brains of people who were learning a series of
finger movements. One group was allowed to sleep and the other was not. He found differences in the
areas of the brain that were activated when they recalled the movements; the group that had slept
showed less activity in the brain, and better recollection of the task. In other words, the way the
Page 3 of 13 pages
memory was stored had become more efficient. Walker believes that this could explain why toddlers,
who are constantly learning new motor skills, require so much more sleep than adults. Furthermore,
Ted Abel, while assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, found that mice deprived of
sleep for the first five hours after learning did not remember their physical surroundings, while their
memory of facts and events was not affected. This result allowed him to specify that sleep regulates
memory in a specific part of the brain, the hippocampus, which is responsible for memories related to
spatial and contextual information. But despite numerous studies, there are still more questions than
answers on the role of sleep in memory and learning.
E. Another theory about the role of sleep is that it is essential for cleanup and repair in the brain and
body. Support for this theory is provided by research that shows periods of REM sleep increase
following periods of sleep deprivation and strenuous physical activity. During sleep, the body also
increases its rate of cell division and protein synthesis, further suggesting that repair and restoration
occurs during sleeping periods. Recently, new evidence supporting the repair and restoration theory
has been uncovered. Research has shown that the cellular structure of the brain is altered during
sleep, and more space forms between cells. This allows fluid to move between the cells and flush out
toxic waste products. It is believed that these toxins increase in the central nervous system during
waking times, and the restorative function of sleep is a consequence of their removal.
F. It may seem that all of this new evidence is not making the question of why we sleep any clearer;
indeed, the evidence seems to point to different explanations. In this context, it seems important to
remember that there may not be one correct answer, but instead it could be a combination. While the
idea that sleep is a method of energy conservation seems to be falling out of favour, it seems more
and more likely that benefits for memory and learning, the cleanup of the brain and the repair of the
body can all be attributed to a good night’s sleep

Questions56-61: There are six paragraphs marked A-F in the passage. In which paragraph is the
following mentioned? Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.
56. how researchers can see what is happening inside the brain
57. how many reasons for sleep there might realistically be
58. an example of lack of sleep being deadly
59. a particular discovery that was essential for how we view sleep today
60. how sleep might have arisen from threatening conditions
61. how the brain physically changes during sleep

Questions 62-64: Look at the following statement and the list of researchers below. Match each
statement with the correct researcher, A-E. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
box provided.
A Henri Pieron
B Nathaniel Kleitman
C Serge Daan
D Matthew Walker
E Ted Abel
62. Sleep is essential for the recollection only of certain types of memory.
63. The fact that sleep requirements vary with age alludes to its role.
64. A chemical that promotes sleep accumulates throughout the day.

Questions 65-66: Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO theories does the writer question the
validity of? Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.
A Sleep pressure is proof of the necessity of sleep.
B Animals’ sleeping habits are related to their place on the food chain.

Page 4 of 13 pages
C Sleep is related to changes in body temperature.
D Sleep prevents the unnecessary burning of calories.
E There are different types of sleep with different functions. 

Questions 67-68: Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO points does the writer mention in support
of the importance of sleep for memory? Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box
provided.
A During sleep, unimportant memories are removed.
B Sleep makes recollection more effortless.
C Sleep results in more activity throughout the brain.
D The function of a specific brain region is affected by sleep.
E Sleep duration modifies learning
Your answers
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63.

64. 65. 66. 67. 68.

Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 69-75, read the
passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box
provided.(7pts)

Mobile Phone Etiquette


The term 'etiquette' refers to the set of largely unwritten rules and conventions that govern our
everyday behaviour. Many of these rules are reasonable and logical, and sticking to them makes life
easier for everyone. Other aspects of good etiquette might seem to be somewhat arbitrary, with
origins lost in the mists of time; for the most part, though, we abide by the rules because we don't
wish to appear bad-mannered or disrespectful.
69.

A prime example of this concerns the use of mobile phones. There can be no doubt that these devices
have a host of advantages and that, over the last twenty years or so, they have revolutionised the way
in which people communicate. On the negative side, though, the fact that mobiles became ubiquitous
almost overnight means that there hasn't been time for society as a whole to develop a set of
commonly accepted guidelines regarding their use.
70.

Journalist, Anne Perkins, was so infuriated by the lack of respect and consideration shown by some
mobile phone users that she decided to set up MobileManners.web. This website aims to raise
awareness of the issue and to encourage people to follow the Mobile Manners code of conduct when
using their mobile.
71.

Their conversation was well underway when it was interrupted by the ringing of the celebrity's phone.
Not only did he insist on taking the call, but he then proceeded to carry on a prolonged conversation
while Anne was left twiddling her thumbs. The worst part of this was that he wasn't responding to a

Page 5 of 13 pages
family emergency or even discussing an important business deal. He was simply recounting his
exploits of the previous night at some fashionable nightclub to some sycophantic crony. After
hanging up, he didn't even apologise to Anne, so when his phone rang again, two minutes later, she
cut the interview short and left.
72.

To begin with, the site points out that mobiles are supposed to make your life easier, not more
stressful. You should not feel obliged to answer the phone every time it rings, nor do you have to
respond to text messages immediately. You can, and, most of the time, should give priority to the
people around you.
73.

These are basic points that most people probably have an opinion on, even if they don't necessarily
agree with the Mobile Manners take on things. However, the code goes on to give Anne's views on a
wide range of issues which many of us may never have thought about before. The topics that should
and shouldn't be discussed on a mobile in public, the types of ringtone that are appropriate for people
with certain jobs, and the times of day when it is inappropriate to send a colleague a text message are
just some of the things that are covered.
74.

Of course, displaying good manners isn't the only thing that people need to think about in connection
to mobiles. Safety is another very important aspect of mobile phone use. In particular, the issue of
using mobiles while driving has been in the headlines in recent years. A large number of road
accidents are believed to have been caused by drivers who were chatting on the phone or, even worse,
texting while on the road.
75.

All in all, it is clear that it can take some time for us to fully understand the social and legal
ramifications of new technology. This is especially true of a development that changes the culture as
quickly and as radically as the mobile phone has.

A Rude behaviour, like that of the so-called 'star', certainly doesn't adhere to the Mobile Manners
code, the first rule of which is 'Show respect to the people affected by your mobile phone use'. The
website stresses that its founder truly believes that mobile phones are wonderful devices but that, in a
civil society, people should be more thoughtful about their impact on others.
B Anne says that she had long been annoyed by some impolite people's use of mobiles, but that the
final straw came about six months ago when she was interviewing a well-known public figure for an
article she was writing for a national newspaper.
C In a number of countries, it is now illegal to use a mobile while you are behind the wheel. In other
places, only hands-free phones are permitted, although this compromise might still endanger road
users, since research has shown that drivers are far more distracted by a phone conversation than
when chatting with another passenger.

Page 6 of 13 pages
D Problems arise, however, when people disagree about the correct etiquette, or aren't sure about
what the 'done thing' is in a certain situation. This can occur when a significant change in the lifestyle
of people in a community happens too rapidly for social norms to become ingrained.
E Anne points out that the details aren't crucial, and that she doesn't expect people to memorise the
whole code. The important thing, she says, is that people start thinking about the issue and modifying
their behaviour accordingly. Even if some people start lowering their voices when talking on their
mobiles or switching them to silent mode when in public places, Anne thinks she will have achieved
something and made the world a slightly more pleasant place.
F The Mobile Manners site is just one of many dealing with this issue that have sprung up in recent
years. There is also a large number of sites dealing with online etiquette (or 'netiquette) and others
covering the correct way (at least in the authors' opinion) to behave in relation to other technological
developments. People clearly feel the need for guidance in these matters.
G Consequently, otherwise polite people can use their phones in ways that irritate those around them.
And places such as museums, restaurants, cinemas and theatres have been forced to introduce
measures that regulate the use of mobile phones, or in some cases ban them outright, because
members of the public could not be relied upon to use their phones in a considerate manner.
H This means that you shouldn't let a ringing phone interrupt a face-to-face conversation unless you
are expecting an important call and, under those circumstances, it is polite to apologise and say
something along the lines of 'Do you mind if I get that?' before answering the call. Similarly, you
should wait for an appropriate moment to respond to a text, and never try to carry on your
conversation and compose a text message at the same time.
Your answers
69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

Part 4. You are going to read part of an article about love and relationships. For questions 76-
81, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

True Love
Love is a force of nature as unpredictable and potent as a rising storm; when it hits you, it sweeps you
off your feet with such intensity that you can barely right yourself and withstand its unrelenting
power. It draws you with tornadic force towards euphoria. Just a moment's eye contact is enough to
fire your senses into a blaze of passion. One glance and you know she is the one. Forever more, you
will devote yourself entirely to the otherworldly apparition of perfection that has somehow
materialised before you, selflessly and unconditionally committed to her happiness. After all, could
there be a purer cause? Now you are completely insane. Forgive the intervention, but this love is an
animal quite so rare as to be status critical on the endangered species list. All credit to.Hollywood and
its brethren for fabricating and propagating this grand facetious notion, and my apologies for the
stereotypical gender depiction.
However, let's call a spade a spade; this is nothing other than a manifestation of desire, or, to put it
more kindly, attraction; a sensation which, of course, is not to be dismissed, having both its merits
and its part to play in the initial stages of relationship development; however, the danger when we
allow ourselves to be duped by the Hollywood depiction of love is that the bar of our expectations is
set so high as to all but guarantee three faults and disqualification from the contest. Perhaps it is
useful to continue with the storm analogy a while, though, for what follows this initial burst of
passion and impulse may indeed be the blissful calm and perfection of the eye of the tempest;
however, the moment is but fleeting and trailing the eye is a long tail that is arduous to navigate and
endure.
Page 7 of 13 pages
Running with the storm analogy, the real storm here is not one in a teacup by any means, though,
because when we buy into the media's fairy-tale portrait of love, we set ourselves off down the road
to perpetual misery. If we believe that when we find the one' our certitude will be so great as to
produce an undeniable sense of knowingness and bliss, then the moment doubts start to creep in or
cracks start to emerge in the relationship, we feel a diminished sense of compatibility with our match
and throw it all away before we've really even given it a chance to work.
Although the bitter taste of reality presented here so far might sound a touch depressing to some,
personally, I find the notion that true love is reached through hard work — and not simply fate-
bestowed —refreshing, and I am far from a blind optimist. After all, it means we don't have to leave it
to chance, which should give us cause for hope. It means that if we encounter problems in our
relationship, we can take comfort in the notion that, when we are prepared to work through them,
there is light at the end of the tunnel. We are the masters of our fate.
Let me put it this way: if you pilot the love plane for long enough, you will indubitably encounter
storms and turbulence from time to time, and there is no predicting when they may happen. However,
the more often you fly and the more familiar you become with your crew and the route, the more
likely you will be able to navigate through the problems safely, so the impact of the turbulence should
lessen over time. Furthermore, there will also be, guaranteed, pure heavenly moments when the
clouds disperse and you are soaring as through perfection. These moments of magic make the
challenges worthwhile. On the other hand, if you press the ejector button prematurely, you will never
know such experiences. What's more, you might endanger yourself and you must surely abandon any
other persons on the plane. Note, though, that I said prematurely. Sadly in life, not everything can
work out as planned, but we must at least give it a fighting chance and be sure we have done our best.
(76) What is the writer's main reason for using evocative language in the first paragraph?
A to convey the intensity of the emotion of love
B to criticise the influence of the media
C to highlight the rarity of true love
D to highlight a form of gender bias

(77) Why does the writer use the example of a storm in the second paragraph?
A to show that initial attraction has no relatedness to love
B to highlight the dangers of acting on desire
C to imply that a lasting relationship is full of challenges
D to suggest that love is a temporary emotion

(78) What does the writer mean when he refers to a storm in a teacup?
A the effect the media has is very serious
B the media's influence should not be overestimated
C feelings of hurt do not last very long
D we make too much fuss about relationships

(79) Why does the writer not find the sober view of love he depicts discouraging?
A because love is a tottery anyway
B because he is optimistic by nature
C because it means we control our own destiny
D because we can learn from failed relationships

Page 8 of 13 pages
(80) What does the writer really mean when he talks about ejecting from the plane
prematurely?
A unless you work at a relationship, you wilt never experience the joys it can bring
B it is more dangerous to leave a relationship than to try to work on it
C wait until things are calm and you have a clear head before making big decisions
D even when a relationship fails, it is not the end of the world

(81) What best sums up the writer's thoughts on love and relationships?
A he believes that even healthy relationships have their ups and downs
B he believes that love is not a very realistic concept and people should settle for less
C he is a true romantic who believes in love at first sight
D he is against people abandoning relationships in all but the most extreme circumstances

Part 3:You are going to read an article about young people who are trying to find solutions to
some important issues. For questions 82-91, choose from the sections (A-E). The sections may
be chosen more than once. (10pts)

Making a difference
A Zhan
In the minds of most, Chinese political activists are well-worn lawyers and scholarly types who, once
part of the 'in crowd', have been ostracised for their dissident ideas and beliefs. Zhan, a Shanghai
pupil, simply isn't from that same preconceived mould. She is an unlikely activist and campaigner
against the country's harsh residence registration system - a system which was created to prevent
countless numbers of migrant workers from ever leaving the countryside. This system negatively
affected Zhan's life chances as it excluded her from taking Shanghai's high school entrance exam. The
only choices left open to Zhan were to attend vocational school or return to her village. Weil-aware of
the fact that neither of these options allowed for much advancement, Zhan decided to make her voice
heard in the form of an organised demonstration and an avalanche of rebellious messages posted
online. While Zhan did get the opportunity to speak out, the consequences were dire ... her father was
sent to prison and her family faced possible eviction from the city. Luckily for Zhan, the national
media let her plead her case in the form of an article which appeared in the China Daily. In a recent
interview Zhan quoted the late essayist, Hu Shi, saying, 'Fighting for your rights, is fighting for the
nation's rights ... .`
B Kelvin
Kelvin, born in war-torn Sierra Leone, did not know peace until he was six years old. Raised in a
single-parent household, Kelvin says he owes his life to his mother's 'resilience and self-belief'. Now
in his late teens, Kelvin has become a kind of poster-child for the West African nation and its
attempts to move forward and has appeared in a viral video on YouTube. Kelvin was a precocious
child with a great gift for engineering. Seeing the need for a reliable source of electricity to power his
neighbourhood, Kelvin used recycled parts to build a generator from scratch. After winning a
competition, Kelvin travelled to the USA where he gave a speech to the Meet the Young Makers
panel in New York. Despite his youth, Kelvin became a hit at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, where he showcased his inventions, and at Harvard College, where he participated in on-
going research and gave lectures to engineering students. Kelvin's mentor, a PhD student at MIT,
feels that Kelvin and the YouTube video have been inspirational and motivational to the youth of
Sierra Leone, and indeed, to millions of people around the world.

Page 9 of 13 pages
C Zea
Zea was never what one would call a 'tech geek'. Instead, she was the kind of person who thought
technology was as simple as getting computers to do what the user wanted them to do and resorting to
rebooting when they misbehaved. That attitude changed forever after Zea attended a 'Little Miss
Geek' workshop at her school in south London. While taking part in the workshop she had a
revelation - technology could be entertaining, and world-changing. Working on that premise, Zea and
a friend designed an app aimed at motivating people to recycle by making the tiresome task fun. 'Julie
Andrew's character Mary Poppins says that you find the fun and - snap! - the job's a game, and that's
just what our application does,' says Zea. The app, called Jazzy Recycling, is multi-purpose in nature;
it gives information on the where's and what's of recycling and then lets users scan, share and win
points for their recycling efforts. Exploiting the teen craze for sites like Facebook and Twitter, the
app is 'liked' and 'shared' among 'friends' and 'followers'. And Jazzy Recycling has celebrity backing;
entrepreneur Raj Dhonota, who appeared on the series The Apprentice, has extended a helping hand
to make the app a success.
D Rene
The average Brazilian teenager enjoys things like football, computer games and music, but not Rene;
he has made reversing negative stereotypes about the Brazilian 'favela' his sole aim. The ambitious
Rene has founded a newspaper, live-Tweeted a local police raid on the favela where he lives and
penned a book ... all before his twentieth birthday. The favelas of Rio de Janeiro are notorious world-
wide as poor areas controlled by armed gangs, but Rene wants to change that false perception. He
uses social media to portray these neighbourhoods in a more humane light: to take the focus off
illegal activity and to highlight the good works being done there. Initially, Rene's family was sceptical
about what he could actually accomplish; it was not uncommon for his mother to berate him for
coming home late because of his newspaper work. Unsurprisingly, family support has grown by leaps
and bounds now that the number of Rene's Twitter followers has increased from a few hundred to
tens of thousands and his newspaper has gained wide recognition and, more importantly, financial
backing in the form of sponsorship.

In which sections are the following mentioned?


82 someone who was scolded as a result of time spent on his/her cause
83 someone who symbolises a country's hope for the future
84 someone who makes use of social media to alleviate monotony
85 someone who uses the words of a deceased person to make a point
86 someone who credits a family member for his/her survival
87 someone who does not fit the usual description of a crusader
88 someone who yearns to atter a preconceived idea about his/her community
89 someone who has the support of a former television personality
90 someone who became a published author at a young age
91 someone whose actions brought about the incarceration of a loved one

UTOPIA-LAND OF THE TRANSLATORS KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN


HƯỚNG DẪN CHẤM HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA THPT NĂM 2021

Môn: TIẾNG ANH

Page 10 of 13 pages
Hướng dẫn chấm gồm 02 trang
_______________________________________________________________

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 points): 1 point for each correct answer


Part 1:
26.B 27.C 28.A 29.D 30.A 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.D
36.B 37.A 38.A 39.B 40.B

Part 2:
41.all-pervasive/all-pervading
42.assonance
43.superannuated
44.go-getting
45.verisimilitude

III. READING(50 POINTS)


Part 1: Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1.at 2.stuff 3.despite 4.paying 5.only/just
6.whole 7.nor 8.way 9.more 10.either

Part2:
D
F
B
A
C
E
E
D
A
C/D
B/D

Part 3
D-G-B-A-H-E-C
Part 4: (1.5 pts/answer)
B-C-A-C-A-A
Part 5:
D-B-C-A-B-A-D-C-D-A

Page 11 of 13 pages

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