2021 RI Y6 T2 GP Timed Practice Paper 1 For Internal Use Only

Maker’s Report

1. Is the traditional family still relevant in your society today?

Yes, still relevant

 In Singapore, traditional notions of the family have been accorded a special status
because the government continues to view the family as the building block of a
society, a strong support system for individuals, and a marker of a fulfilled life.
This is especially so since Singapore is largely a traditional, Asian, conservative and
communal society that places the community above self, that sees the traditional family
as the fundamental foundation for social stability, support and happiness and as vital to
nation-building. Thus, the government has implemented many pro-family policies
that preserve the traditional family structure rather than alternative family forms.
o As recent as June 2020, the National Population and Talent Division has unveiled
a new brand mark - Made for Families - for organisations to identify themselves
as promoting the traditional family and its significance for individuals’ quality of
life and social stability.
o Other government initiatives which reinforce the traditional family unit range from
the Enhanced Proximity Housing Grant to maternity and childcare privileges
exclusive to such families. Conversely, there are some benefits that single
mothers do not currently benefit from, such as such as tax rebates for childbirth,
the Working Mother’s Child Relief and the enhanced Baby Bonus cash gift; the
government might not wish to promote alternative family forms because they
might not contribute to nation-building in ways that the traditional families do.

 The traditional family is still relevant in Singapore because it has cultural significance.
Several major religions or schools of thought (e.g. Christianity, Islam,
Confucianism) promote this family structure over alternatives because of their
beliefs and rituals deem that the traditional family is divinely instituted, and
Singapore being a largely religious society has many adherents who subscribe to and
uphold this family unit. Such schools of thought also see the traditional family as a union
of two families, continuation of the family line and rite of passage or maturation into
adulthood.

No, not relevant anymore

 Modernity and globalisation have empowered a greater number of individuals to
pursue alternative family structures, from one-parent families to cohabitation trends
as well as LGBTQ family structures. In tandem with such changes, the government
has introduced policies to better support such alternative family structures.
o In 2020, the Ministry of National Development announced that single, unwed
parents over the age of 21 could now also buy a 3-room flat in a non-mature
estate from HDB, compared to a 2-room flat previously.
o Several other notable policy changes have resulted in unwed mothers being
treated on par with their married counterparts. For example, in 2013, paid
childcare leave was extended to unwed mothers. In 2016, Child Development
Account were made accessible to children born out of wedlock. The same year
also saw paid maternity leave for unwed mothers increase from eight to 16
weeks, which is now equal to the entitlement provided to married mothers.

 Changing values and norms, high costs of living and a greater focus on work
commitments have also witnessed continued dips in Singapore’s total fertility rate
and the emergent trend of more Singapore couples who choose to remain
childless, challenging the notion the traditional family unit.
o Increasingly, there have been calls for the government to make it easier for non-
immediate family members to contribute to a person’s Central Provident Fund
accounts, as well as Medisave account to pay for medical bills. Such policy

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tweaks would be a good way for childless couples to receive social support from
the larger extended family network.

Requirements
 Reasons why the traditional family is still relevant in Singapore, with a broad
understanding of the traditional family structure as involving two married individuals,
one male one female, providing care and stability for their biological offspring. Possible
alternatives would encompass one-parent families, cohabitation, gay male and lesbian
couples, and singlehood.
 An awareness of the societal notions of what constitutes a ‘traditional’ family in
Singapore is also accepted.
 ‘Relevance’: value, importance or purpose in Singapore society.
 ‘Still’: To examine whether relevance of traditional family continues in the given
society, or whether it has been undermined by other familial structures or social
trends.

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Show the significance of desirable  State or list the desirable outcomes or
outcomes by providing an analysis of benefits of a traditional family without a
the context. Evident evaluation and clear explanation of how these
analysis of the Singapore traits that contribute to a wider significance of
have sustained the continued relevance the traditional family.
of the traditional family unit.  Some awareness of what the
 Provide contextual analysis (highlight traditional family unit entails and able to
relevant details) to explain (ir)relevance discuss its broad functions and value in
of traditional family (traits of modern Singapore society.
society and its impact on decisions of  State the alternative options to show
young people, gender empowerment, they are less relevant, with link to
changing priorities). traditional family implied.
 Clear engagement with the word  Moderate use of illustration and some
‘still’ that is reflected in the analysis of awareness and understanding of the
how things have or have not changed. Singapore context. Some alternatives
 Wide-ranging examples that are apt presented. Details may be adequate to
and well-analysed, demonstrating support the point.
awareness of the different options
available, with thoroughness in the Low Band 3
details in each to support the ideas.  Some points are a mere listing of
alternative familial structures with no
implicit links to the traditional family.
 Examples are relevant to the topic or
question, but details may be missing.
 If there is no focus on the family or if
there is a discussion on the family
without mention of what makes it
‘traditional’.

Band 4
 No reference to family at all (e.g.
primary focus on marriage instead).

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Maker’s Report

2. ‘We are less free than before’. How far do you agree with this view of modern
society?

Largely agree, less free than before

 Advancements in technology have allowed for the heightening of surveillance by the
state via various means. Ultimately, today’s average citizen does not enjoy the freedom
to do what he or she wishes because there is enforced conformity through advanced
technology.
o China’s use of AI in their social credit system, Russian government’s plan to
create digital profiles for all their citizens, Venezuelan’s development of the
“carnet de la patria” (fatherland card): a smart card ID that stores highly personal
and sensitive details of all citizens, including one’s presence on social media and
membership of a political party.

 Increasing right-wing beliefs and the emergence of populist authoritarians have

seen many minorities rights’ curtailed.
o Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban who presents himself as the defender of
his country and an open advocate of the ‘illiberal democracy’ has been guilty of
ignoring the plights of the Roma minority, even going to the point of unlawfully
segregating the Roma from the rest of the population and giving them sub-
standard education.
o In India, the rise of Hindu nationalism/supremacy has undeniably caused the
Muslim community, the largest religious minority in India, to suffer greatly. BJP,
the ruling political party, has repeatedly demonised the Muslims, even sending
police forces to raid and vandalise Muslim homes in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

 Increasing government censorship seen online and the rise of the cancel culture
phenomenon have created an environment where individuals are not able to talk as
freely as they wish to.
o In Thailand and Myanmar, the governments have retaliated against anti-
government protests by restricting the use of social media or even the Internet
altogether. A study by the University of Michigan has also found that censorship
is increasing in 103 of the countries studied, even in unexpected places such as
Norway, India and Poland, where they were previously ranked by Freedom
House as some of the freest countries in the world.
o Most recently, the rise of ‘cancel culture’ has created a case where individuals
are discouraged from holding/voicing anti-progressive beliefs for fear of facing
public backlash. J.K. Rowling was publicly condemned for her transphobic
comments and the Teen Vogue editor-in-chief, Alexi McCammond, had to resign
over fury of past racist tweets. Even though these incidents reflect the growing
ability/freedom of ordinary individuals to enact changes/seek social justice,
people, especially those who are in power today, are undeniably stripped of their
ability to speak freely and hold opinions of their own.
Disagree, more free than before in fact
 While social media has proven to be a readily available source of entertainment and
mirth, it has also revealed itself to be an invaluable platform for free expression and
exchange of ideas. This is especially true in the context of online activism, where social
movements have been catalysed because of this freedom.
o In Hong Kong, demonstrators used social media to document, organise and
assembly large-scale protests effectively. The anonymity accorded by such
platforms also helped these protestors avoid being identified and arrested by
police authorities, giving it a ‘leader-less’ characterisation which helped keep the

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movement alive and sustained. This was apparent in the 2014 and 2019
Umbrella Movement, where social media tools have been used freely and ably to
exert pressure on the authorities.

 Modern society today is characterised by increasing levels of intellectualism,

research and awareness of not only the natural world but of the human condition and
the social environment that is conducive for a productive and enjoyable life. This
knowledge therefore, has encouraged governments to set up institutions that help to
ensure a wider acknowledgement/acceptance of a diversity of beliefs and
religions.
o In countries like Singapore and Malaysia where ethnic diversities are present
within society, institutions like the Inter-religious Organisation and the Malaysian
Consultative Council are in place to facilitate inter-faith dialogue and to prevent
any religion from overshadowing the rest.
o For countries that have an indigenous population, greater steps have also been
taken to protect their rights, beliefs and ways of life. In Japan, a law was enacted
in May 2019 to protect and promote the culture of the Ainu minority and to correct
long-standing socioeconomic disparities faced by the group. This legislative move
came after much protest was made regarding the discrimination faced by the
Ainu people.

Requirements
 Reasons why we are (not) less free today
 Demonstrate broader understanding of what freedom entails: freedom of speech,
freedom to pursue religion/alternative lifestyles, freedom from discrimination, etc.
Arguments should be made in the context of today’s modern world, showing how
characteristics of modern society have either encouraged or weakened such
entitlements.
 Possible to accept other interpretations of ‘free’ (e.g. time or movement across
borders).

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Provide reasons that take into  State the different freedoms one enjoys
consideration the characteristics of a today and the other freedoms that one
modern context to argue why people cannot enjoy
enjoy/do not enjoy greater freedom today  Moderate use of illustration and some
 A broad discussion of freedoms across awareness and understanding of ‘modern
different aspects of society/life (freedom society’, but does not fully develop on
of rights, freedom of movement, free these given characteristics.
time)  Some implicit comparison between
 Some essays in this band will address present and past societal trends.
the ‘comparison’ in question, although
not necessarily overt (whether there is Low Band 3
more or less freedom when comparing  Limited development in terms of
the past with the present) explanation.
 Detailed examples that show a good  Less diverse examples of what
grasp of content mastery (e.g. how ‘freedoms’ can entail (i.e. limited scope -
advancements in AI in particular (not just for some scripts, students focussed
tech) have allowed for more extensive entirely on the lack of political freedom).
surveillance)  Mere listing of case studies with little
 Wide-ranging examples that are apt and explanation and evaluation.
well-analysed, discussing a good breadth
of modern-day trends that facilitate Band 4

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freedoms or not.  Anecdotal examples

 A very literal understanding of ‘free’ to
mainly encompass superficial ideas like
‘free time’ etc.
3. ‘All talk, no action.’ How far does this describe activism today?

Perceived to be “all talk and no action”

 Possibly true because the interactive nature of social media creates the illusion of
active participation in movements, giving rise to viral videos with no tangible action
taken. More insightful scripts can highlight the underlying reasons for such actions which
could include the need for ‘virtue signalling’; online personalities being concerned with
their online branding - aligning themselves with what’s trending mainly for commercial
reasons without doing much themselves.
o Joseph Kony 2012 – Barring the video posted by ‘invisible children’, a charity that
focuses on preventing the exploitation and harming of children, there was little
meaningful action taken for an extended period of time against Joseph Kony.
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17306118
o Chibok Kidnapping in Nigeria by the Boko Haram: Generated online international
attention because of the hashtag #bringbackourgirls but little effective action
ultimately taken. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/six-years-
ago-boko-haram-kidnapped-276-schoolgirls-where-are-they-now
o Singer-businesswoman Rihanna supporting the Indian farmer’s protest on Twitter
without really showing any understanding of the situation or making any
perceived effort other than a tweet.

 Despite some changing attitudes, efforts remain superficial given the fast-paced
nature of city life and many are resistant to changing long-entrenched habits. It is
also easier to make superficial observable actions rather than address root causes. This
could include many fast food chains not using plastic straws, which actually does little to
address the major cause of plastic pollution.
o Climate change - Even though Singaporeans know it is a concern, they will still
prioritise their own needs, such as turning the air-conditioning on or running the
tap. On whole, Singaporeans still place greater importance on efficiency and
convenience over thinking carefully about their consumption habits.
https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/more-singaporeans-are-conscious-
climate-change-awareness-enough-slow-unfolding-crisis)
o Globally, only 9% of plastic trash is recycled, putting into question the efficacy of
activist movements such as ‘earth day’ or ‘earth hour’ because of general inaction
across societies. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/plastic-
produced-recycling-waste-ocean-trash-debris-environment. Another example
could include the use of metal straws and tote bags which are environmentally
more unfriendly if not used sufficiently before being discarded.

Some action, not all superficial talk

 Despite the apparent frivolity and transience of online movements, there have
been some movements that have witnessed tangible real-world outcomes,
facilitated by the accessibility and virality of the online world – revealing that
activism today is not characterised by passivity and inaction.
o ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Ice bucket challenge was an online
movement that aimed to raise funds for the American ALS association. With
global help, $115 million was raised in 2014.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-surprisingly-short-life-of-viral-
social-movements/

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o The #MeToo movement was a social movement that aimed to spotlight instances
of sexual harassment. This movement peaked in 2017, when Alyssa Milano used
the hashtag to bring attention to sexual harassment in the movie industry which
ultimately resulted in the conviction of Harvey Weinstein in Feb 2020.

 Evolving demographic shifts have seen the emergence of millennial and Gen Z youth
activists who are taking consistent action on causes they care about. Tech-savvy,
well-educated and resourceful, many have adeptly drawn attention to their causes,
working with corporate stakeholders and government partners to bring about tangible
social change.
o India: Disha Ravi created a ‘toolkit’ for how to support the protest against
agricultural reforms in India and was imprisoned for supporting the anti-
government movement.https://www.vox.com/2021/2/16/22285458/india-climate-
activist-farmers-protest-jail-disha-ravi
o India: Nodeep Kaur, a labour rights and womens’ rights activist was jailed for
spotlighting police abuse against women https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-
india-56178997
o HK protests for democracy: main leaders who organized and coordinate the
umbrella movement protesting the extradition bill were jailed.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/world/asia/joshua-wong-agnes-chow-hong-
kong.html

 ‘Talk’ itself, being a form of action

o In some cases, we should not be too dismissive of the issue merely being talked
about. Generating awareness and raising public sensitivity to the issue could in
fact lead to concrete action being taken. A simple example would be the cynicism
towards Greta Thunberg’s environmental speeches – where despite all her talk,
critics opine there has been little action in making significant sweeping changes
for environmental conservation. However, it can be argued that her speeches are
impactful for they are slowly contributing to peoples’ changing attitudes,
enhancing their awareness of disastrous climate change impacts and inspiring
them to small everyday improvements in her role as an effective role-model.
https://theconversation.com/greta-thunberg-effect-people-familiar-with-young-
climate-activist-may-be-more-likely-to-act-154146

Requirements
 Demonstrate an understanding of the phrase ‘all talk, no action’ in the context of civic
activism – in that it signifies little concrete social change or tangible outcomes, despite
verbal expressions of intent.
 Reasons why they are (not) taking action, contextualising their response to the present
context and explaining how pervasive forms of verbal activism may or may not
translate into real-world outcomes or action.
 Reflects an understanding of what constitutes activism – essentially non-government,
individual-led campaigning to bring about political or social change.
 Students who distinguish between the idea of ‘action’ vs ‘change’ or the idea of how
despite action being taken, little change occurs, might in fact render a more
sophisticated response. It is however necessary to ensure the chain of events is as
follows: talk  action  no change.

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Reasons that take into consideration  State the areas in which people are
contextual understanding of modern (not) taking action
society (e.g. ubiquity of social media,  Relevant discussion but examples are

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education levels of young people). limited in range and context. They

 Insightful scripts will be able to tease may also not be elaborated on or
out the characteristics/features of explained well.
modern day societies that create or  Possibly example-led, with little
discourage action. evaluation of the current day context
 Addresses the extreme view in the and how it facilitates activism efforts
quote by providing a more that result in tangible/non-tangible
nuanced/balanced perspective. change.
 Wide-ranging examples that are apt  Examples on limited issues, with
and well-analysed. Examples of sufficient details, or across limited
activism and advocacy across a range societies.
of issues or across countries.
 Thoughtful responses may also Low Band 3
highlight that in some cases, ‘talk’ or  Quality and brevity of examples.
debate is an appropriate course of  Partial relevance of arguments (e.g.
action to take and is not a superficial examples are not activism-related)
response.
Band 4
 Limited relevance in that candidates
discuss non-activism examples
primarily

4. ‘Handicrafts no longer have any practical benefits in modern society.’ Comment.

Handicrafts no longer have any practical benefits:

 As products are becoming commoditised and replaced by machine-made items,
handicrafts increasingly lose their value and appeal to consumers, particularly as mass-
produced items are cheaper and sellers have a higher production capacity. (e.g.
Pakistani artisans are facing increasing competition from imported Chinese products
which are cheaper and of better quality.)

Handicrafts still have practical benefits

 The cottage and small-scale handicraft industries nonetheless have a vital role in income
and employment generation and are a vital tool for the reduction of poverty in many
developing countries.
 Handicrafts have considerable economic benefits because they can make a country
more attractive as a tourist destination (e.g. Japan, Jaipur, Florence).
 Handicrafts tell a story as they represent the identity of the people who make them and
give a window into their lives and lifestyles. They are a source of pride, of character and
of rich traditions. In this, handicrafts have a role that go beyond utility: they embody
memories, mark the essential landmarks of life, to show something about who we are –
something that is very important at a time when many societies in their pursuit of
modernity, are fast losing their cultural roots and identities.
 In a world where mental health has moved to the forefront of conversations, handicrafts
provide an excellent opportunity for people to practise mindfulness and diversional
therapy as a way to improve their mental well-being.

Requirements
 Demonstrate an understanding of ‘handicrafts’ as items that are artisanal handicraft or
handmade, made completely by one's hand or by using only simple, non-tech related
tools like scissors, carving implements, or hooks (compared against machine-made,
mass-produced goods). Should reflect a certain culture/identity (e.g. French

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workmanship of handbags/ jewellery). Accept examples such as origami or friendship

bands.
 Identify features of modern society and explain why such handicrafts offer little/some
practical value to the societies of today, against a backdrop of global and societal
trends (cultural homogenisation/polarisation, consumerism, fast fashion).
 Understanding of ‘practical value’ has to offer some understanding of the pragmatic
functions/value of the handicraft and how it meets important societal needs (e.g how
folding paper cranes may encourage mindfulness or be used to improve mental health
which is a huge problem in modern society – not just an idealistic/lofty goal).
Band 2 & above Band 3
 Close attention to the context ‘modern  State the benefits of handicrafts,
society’ and clear links that show either without explaining their significance in
the increased or diminished value of modern society, though their practical
such handicrafts. value is implied.
 Evident discussion of the ‘practical’  Attempt to break down ‘modern society’
value of handicrafts (economic benefits but superficial and brief
or possessing utility to society).  Examples may be apt, but details
 Evident analysis of the may not fully support the points.
significance/importance of practical Range may not be wide-ranging, though
benefits that handicraft work entails generally adequate (limited societies
today. and types)
 Provides a nuanced response to an
‘Absolute’ statement (“no longer Low Band 3:
have practical value”)  Examples are brief and poorly
 Wide-ranging examples with discussed.
specificity of handicrafts that are apt  Possibly a discussion about the pros
and well-analysed and that cover and cons of handicrafts with little
several societies or types of examples understanding of its ‘practical’ value.
of handicrafts.  Partial relevance in that examples are
 Better examples may include those that not always suitable or there is very little
are at risk of losing value in the face of reference to ‘modern society’.
mass production.

5. ‘It is harder than ever for voters to make the right choices in elections today.’
Discuss.

Harder than ever

 Dissemination of fake news and its prevalence makes it hard to choose the right
candidate (e.g. paid Russian trolls putting out fake stories to hurt Hillary Clinton’s
campaign in the lead-up to 2016 elections; 2019 Reuters investigation revealing that,
ahead of the Indonesian elections, major political camps were paying shadow operatives
to produce distorted ‘news’ articles aimed at attacking its rival parties)
 Rise of populist rhetoric that fails to inform and educate voters of broader
consequences of their choices, convincing power of their overly simple answers to what
are actually very complex policy problems (e.g. Boris Johnson’s ‘Get Brexit Done’ and
UKIP’s anti-immigration populist message – overtly simple answers to complex
problems)
 Inundation and overwhelming flood of sometimes conflicting news on both old and
new media that makes it hard to discern what is the best choice of candidate; plurality of
viewpoints & data deluge leaves us struggling to make up our minds (e.g. UK: Daily

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Telegraph coverage of Conservative leader Boris Johnson & his Brexit ‘Leave’ campaign
highly positive vs The Guardian’s largely critical coverage)
 Increasing diversity of political parties with different manifestos which make it hard to
discern differences between political agendas (e.g. multiparty systems increasingly the
norm, split along ideological e.g. Philippines 2019 elections: 19 parties contesting 12
seats; GE2020 had 11 parties contesting, most ever in S’pore history)

Not harder than ever

 Vast array of information – both traditional and new media – that presents voters with
more than adequate information to make sound choices (e.g. Factcheck.com for
verifying politician’s answers on important issues, Politiscope app for checking
Congressional voting record of politicians; WSJ and Sarawak Report coverage on 1MDB
scandal helped voters to reject re-electing Najib due to concerns over corruption &
embezzlement)
 Direct contact with political leaders through social media outreach platforms that equip
voters with a personal feel of how politicians operate and their individual personalities
(e.g. Reddit’s Ask Me Anything – Obama hosted one in 2012, Trump hosted one in 2016;
in 2020 Taiwanese presidential hopefuls including DPP’s President Tsai Ing Wen
appeared in popular Youtubers’ videos)
Requirements
 Students are required to assess the characteristics of today’s world that result in
making it harder or easier to vote today, either in the form of making the best choices
for the country or for the individual.
 Key terms: ‘Harder than ever’ - show some comparative analysis between the past
and current trends or what has changed
 ‘Right choice”: Informed choices, best choices for country or best choice for yourself
(i.e. the individual voter and his/his demographic group’s interests)

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Good essays will address the term  Arguments are driven by cases where
“harder than ever” by showing an voters make the right/wrong decisions.
awareness that this means that the it is  Raises current observations
challenging to make a right choice given  State the traits of modern society that
today’s context/problems either enable easy/difficult decision-
 In doing the above, there is a sustained making (e.g. fake news today; hence
and thoughtful analysis on a range of voters can no longer rely on such
world trends today that result in information)
easy/difficult decision-making at the  Provide moderate use of illustration
polls (the ease of access to information (may be apt but lack details to fully
and misinformation has resulted in support analysis) and some awareness
voters being swayed and influenced to and understanding of the global context
make decisions that are more emotional that enables easy/difficult decision-
than rational, and hence may not be in making in elections today.
the best interest of the nation.)  Scripts in Band 3 tend to be limited in
 More insightful answers will be able to scope, covering mainly challenges
explain why it is in particular harder to related to social media. For some
make an informed choice as opposed to scripts, the issue may have been
just making a choice. simplified to ‘Why are people not
 Wide-ranging examples that are apt making the correct decision’. This
and well-analysed, demonstrating an approach takes the focus away from the
awareness of the diverse world trends

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(social media outreach by political challenges/ease of voters.

leaders, inundation of content for 
voters) that today’s voters are
confronted with. Low Band 3
 Implicit reference to today’s modern
traits that enable decision-making with
limited awareness of the world today; a
number of points may forget to address
the context of ‘today’ and digress by
addressing problems that are perennial
 Causal chains of logic that can be
problematic (eg how gender equality
makes voting harder today because in
the past we only had men who ran for
elections and now we have women so
there are more candidates to assess).
 Mostly hypothetical examples.

6. ‘International organisations are ineffective at resolving conflict.’ To what extent

do you agree?

Ineffective at resolving conflict

 The resolution of conflict in host countries requires not only the sustained and long
term injection of financial and military resources from the participants in the
international organisations but also the cooperation of domestic stakeholders who
are wary of foreign intervention, as a result limiting their effectiveness
o Darfur conflict in Sudan 2003- present
o Somalian Civil war in 1991 where UN ultimately withdrew all its troops in 1995
https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html)

 The actual involvement of international organisations like the United Nations is subject
to power play between countries and is influenced by major powers. Hence, there
will always be an inherent bias when confronting conflict
o UN Security Council: Vetoing power of G8 countries: the UN’s non-involvement in
the Syrian Civil War because the incumbent President Bashir Al Assad is a
Russian Ally
o Rohingya Crisis: China (with veto power in the UN) has backed the Myanmar
military government.

 International organisations also lack power of enforcement and are thus unable to
permanently resolve conflict
o Territorial disputes: China rejected ICJ’s ruling on its territorial claim over the
South China Sea in 2016
o Ethnic/religious conflict: Myanmar government refusal to comply with ICJ’s ruling
to protect the Rohingya Muslim community in 2020.

 Structural loopholes within international organisations can be exploited by

member countries who are under constant and increasing pressure to protect
national interests.
o Trade sanctions: the U.S. under Trump paralysed the WTO appellate body by
blocking appointments to the seven-person panel for more than two years. WTO
was unable to issue judgments on new trade conflict cases since December 2019

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because there are not enough active members. As such, any government can
impose any trade measures without fear of WTO-sanctioned retaliation;
o US-China trade dispute – US’s unhappiness with China for exploiting its WTO
status as a developing country and who has refused to rescind special privileges
even though it is the second largest economy in the world.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-24/why-the-wto-is-caught-in-
trump-s-trade-war-crossfire-quicktake

Effective at resolving conflict

 Facilitates cooperation between countries by providing a neutral platform for
dialogue
o International Courts of Justice (ICJ) – SG and Malaysia over Pedra Branca;
o ICJ’s Ruling between Japan and Australia about Whaling activities.

 International organisations are empowered to resolve conflict because members have

the ability to engage in military intervention or to impose sanctions to disincentive conflict
o UN peacekeeping mission to Liberia (from 2003 to 2018) that was commissioned
because of warring factions and the complete breakdown of law and order. It is a
success story because it oversaw a peaceful transfer of power over 3 successive
governments and had successfully implemented a disarmament programme.
Today, Liberia contributes peacekeepers to the UN mission in Mali.
o Ivory Coast: without the peacekeepers, there were threats of mutiny, highlighting
their importance to maintaining peace.

 International organisation’s ability to resolve conflict is contingent upon the strength of

its member countries. Where member countries possess long term commitment and
skilled diplomacy, resolution of conflict can be achieved.
o Brokering of peace agreement between the Colombian government and terrorist
group FARC in 2016 by UN appointed countries, Cuba and Norway.
https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/foreign-affairs/peace-and-reconciliation-
efforts/norways_engagement/peace_colombia/id2522231/ ;
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37206714

Requirements
 Demonstrate an awareness of the roles, the functions and the limitations of
international organisations.
 Provide reasons why such organisations are (in) effective. To do this, responses may
need to include an analysis of international organisations, show how certain features
of these organisations are crucial/needed in solving problems. Weaker responses may
just focus on describing how problems are mitigated or resolved without showing how
international organisations have played a role.
 ‘Conflict’ may include territorial disputes or trade wars. It is not limited to military
conflict.
 Historical examples may be acceptable in so far they explain how they are still ongoing
today (e.g. territorial disputes between Israel and Palestine).

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Reasons that take into consideration  Identify cases where such
the roles of the organisations, their organisations are (in)effective. Possibly

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limitations and understanding of the example-led. (e.g. the lack of concrete

evolving challenges of today’s world action in the Rohingya crisis shows that
are provided to explain why these ASEAN is ineffective in resolving
organisations are (in) effective (e.g. how conflict, without explaining why there is
Cambodia retracted a statement that a lack of concrete action).
criticised China’s militarisation of South  Moderate illustration, in terms of range
China Sea which highlighted countries’ and type of international organisations
prioritising their own interests above the (only the UN) and the nature of their
Bloc’s, hence making it largely involvement (only military). Sufficient
ineffective in leveraging the potential of details provided to support points
its collective power in securing the raised.
region’s interest).  Valid but generic development of
 The examples reveal a broad arguments (stating valid reasons but
awareness of different types of lacking depth in explanation) on the
organisations and the areas of conflict effectiveness/limitations of International
in which they are involved. Organisations (e.g. stating structural
 Clear and wide-ranging evidence to weakness of IOs but unable to provide
show that they have been (in) effective. thorough explanation).

Low Band 3:
 Lack of/Brevity of examples (e.g. mere
mention of military intervention in failed
states in countries in Africa).
 Some awareness of the actions taken
by these organisations and conclude
that they are (in) effective without
showing evidence of effectiveness.
Mainly a discussion about the pros and
cons of international organizations,
without any real analysis of its inherent
flaws.
 Simplistic generalisation employed in
development (e.g. stating that IO lack
funding so they are unable to resolve all
conflicts.)

7. Is patriotism always desirable?

Yes, largely desirable

 Patriotism is highly desirable in a globalised world as it is an anchor that helps
individuals remember their national roots and identities amidst increasing cultural
fragmentation. (E.g. Singapore’s cosmopolitan identity and global city-state status may
fragment the links that its citizens, especially the younger ones, have to their cultural
past.
 Furthermore, encouraging patriotic feelings can act as a platform for individuals to
draw together and find strength in community and comradeship during crises. (E.g.
Italian national unity during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, America as she
struggles to get back on her feet following divisive Trump administration)
 Patriotism can be a potent force in pushing individuals and businesses to excel
and propel the country to greater glories. This is because the sense of unity and
national pride to excel and produce outstanding results in the name of the nation act can
as a major incentive to succeed. (E.g. Professional athletes do not only compete for the
money, but also feel a deep sense of pride when representing their nations – Usain Bolt,
South African Rugby Team during the 2019 World Cup. While businesses are mostly

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profit-driven, some businesses have managed to become modern behemoths and their
country’s brand ambassadors – Jeep, Benz, Ford, Coca Cola)

No, not always desirable

 Always focusing on patriotism may worryingly result in feelings of nationalistic pride
and xenophobia that can create a heightened sense of insecurity and poor treatment of
foreigners or minority groups (E.g. Trump’s incendiary campaign slogan ‘Make America
Great Again’, Capitol Hill riots, the treatment of Asians in Europe and the USA following
accusations that Covid-19 was a ‘Chinese Virus’)
 When patriotism is the main focus, we run the risk of letting love of one’s country blind
us to its faults (E.g. Japan’s war crimes continually whitewashed in history books,
China using patriotism to justify South China Sea incursions, Uighurs in Xinjiang and its
conflict with India all highlight how governments use a love for one’s country to justify
flawed actions.)
 Leaders can often use patriotism as a way to get local support for jingoistic
foreign policies that threaten global stability. (E.g. Xi Jinping’s nationalist agenda to
reclaim Taiwan and secure the South China Sea is often masked with patriotic rhetoric
back home. This seeks to legitimise the various encroachments on the sea and air space
boundaries of many countries. Trump’s jingoistic strong-arm foreign policy tactics
created much tension with US allies and foes alike, contributing to greater instability as
countries started negating security agreements or lost faith in an American-led global
world order.)

Requirements
 Students are required to discuss how unconditional devotion and robust support
for one’s nation – mostly seen in a positive light given the globalised complexities
of today – can in some instances result in negative outcomes and impact.
Band 2 & above Band 3
 Good understanding of issues  Some understanding of the
demonstrated in response, considering ‘undesirable’ impact that patriotism can
the context of today’s society that may entail, but mostly a superficial
lead to patriotism not entirely desirable. discussion, tenuous links between
 Significance of desirable outcomes. patriotism and impact
 Reasons take into account the traits of  Possible that some arguments are
modern society to explain why it is example-led, or that examples are
(un)desirable) quite adequate in development, but not
 Responses in this band will thorough in fully supporting analysis.
effectively address the absolute term
‘always’. Low Band 3
 Insightful responses are able to  Partial relevance in that ‘patriotism’
demonstrate how a loyalty to or love for might be confused with other
one’s country may be used or abused sentiments (e.g how patriotism may be
for selfish gain. conflated with a fight for
 Wide-ranging examples that are apt democracy/fight for rights).
and well-analysed, across several  Only talk about radicalism or extreme
societies. Mostly contemporary nationalist fervour, without linking it
examples of patriotism. properly to patriotism or how patriotism
 Able to show how patriotism has global can be misused to these ends.
repercussions and how it can be both  Limited societies with brief mention of
good and bad for relations between some (historical) events
countries.

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8. ‘There is little to look forward to in one’s old age.’ To what extent is this true of
your society?

There is little to look forward to in one’s old age

 Given the frenetic pace of recent technological advancement, the elderly are often
unable to adapt to the rapid rate and pace of technological advancement. This
concern is especially pertinent to the old in Singapore as it moves towards being a
SMART nation, with technology endemically integrated into most aspects of society.
Apart from being unfamiliar with these systems and thus not being able to
access/utilise/maximise them, such changes lead to the pace of life moving at a
dramatically faster pace, resulting in immense upheaval to the lives of those entering
retirement, such that getting older is regarded with fear and trepidation. (e.g. smart
services and contactless payments which have become so prevalent that the SG govt
sees a need to employ digital ambassadors to facilitate this transition.)
 The high costs of living could also imply later retirement ages due to the higher
amounts of savings needed to realistically retire. This is exacerbated by the country’s
low birth rate, resulting in a higher ratio of the elderly vis a vis the young working adults,
and thus a reduction in support that the elderly can receive, both in terms of informal
support (care by family) or formal support (spread of healthcare and social support costs
across a smaller working population).
 Fragmented family ties, longer working hours for the young and the plight of the
‘sandwich generation’ in Singapore have borne witness to an epidemic of
loneliness amongst today’s elderly. Singapore’s elderly are more lonely and
depressed than ever before. In 2018, the Samaritans of Singapore said that the number
of elderly aged 60 and above who took their own lives peaked at an all-time high.

There is much to look forward to one’s old age

 The greater weight given to socio-emotional needs in Singapore society has meant
that those who are growing older are will be better supported in the area of
psychological and emotional well-being.
o With Singapore becoming an increasingly globalized nation with an ageing
demographic, the government has recognized the needs of the social service
sector and has especially provided various assistance schemes for the aged and
the ageing in society. This reinforced social safety net has made this transition
easier for those who are growing older in Singapore.
o The government has progressively rolled out support schemes as well as
initiatives to offer financial support and subsidised medical costs for the elderly.
From Eldershield to the Pioneer/Merdeka Generation package to the
Enhancement for Active Seniors plan, many subsidies and programmes are in
place to mitigate the hefty financial challenge of getting older in Singapore.

 Smart, assistive technology has transformed the healthcare landscape for the elderly
and their caregivers in Singapore for the better. It is expected that such technology will
be able to provide better home care and help seniors stay independent or improve senior
care services for caregivers. (e.g. instead of alienating seniors, healthcare digital
transformation can provide them and caregivers with support. As part of Singapore’s
Smart Nation initiative, the country has rolled out tele-health rehabilitation, e-services
and even robotic nurses, shifting the concept of elderly care from hospital to home.)

Requirements
 Key terms: “Little to look forward to”: discuss and examine the prospects of growing
old in view of trends in your society – rapid technology, low fertility rates, raised
retirement ages – that either support or challenge the process of growing old.
 ‘One’s old age’ is not the equivalent of ‘getting older’ and hence the responses should

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primarily deal with the elderly.

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Scripts in this band clearly explain  Identify and explain areas in which the
what ‘looking forward’ means and, elderly face disadvantage and areas in
rather than only describe what is done which they are supported.
for the elderly. Scripts in this band  Examples are adequate but may not
would be able to establish how fully support analysis in the arguments
observations make growing old
something that is desirable, not merely Low Band 3
bearable. To frame the argument more  Examples may either be brief or not
explicitly to address ‘looking forward’, about the challenges associated with
responses could show how current the elderly in Singapore.
trends are likely to continue in the  Little mention of country’s context and
future. key features that make growing old
 In doing so, characteristics of the easy/challenging, though examples
society have been taken into account in raised are relevant to the question or
the discussion of the challenges that the topic.
elderly face and in what they can enjoy.  Partial relevance in that not all
Scripts in this band will assess how examples are adequate in supporting
current characteristics of Singapore the arguments.
intensify and make the observations
more significant.
 Good discussion of government policies
and changing attitudes towards the
elderly, with analysis of how this has
happened over the years.
 Examples cover a wide range of
issues the elderly in country face and
are detailed in supporting the analysis.

9. ‘Pop music has no value beyond being a source of entertainment.’ What is your
view?

More value beyond entertainment

 Pop music, like any other form of music that is considered art, communicates
complex human emotion and provides a form of emotional relief because it allows
the listener to empathise with what the songwriter is saying. Precisely because of
its simplicity and universality of themes, it allows for relatability and immediate access to
catharsis.
 Pop music, as art is also a medium for expressing ideas that are meant to compel
the audience to reflect on the current societal climate (e.g. ‘Born this Way’ by Lady
Gaga – Social commentary on the LGBTQ community, ‘Beautiful’ by Christina Aguilera –
Self Acceptance, ‘Putin Zassal’ by Pussy Riot that was was directed at the orthodox
church leaders' support for Putin during his election). In fact, pop music, by being
entertaining, becomes a less threatening way of broaching topics which may be sensitive
or taboo, allowing for open discussion and dialogues on a more informal level, raising
awareness of issues thus, in a manner which people are more accepting towards. In this
way, it goes beyond entertainment.
 Pop music is a central part of modern culture and can be a way in which people
develop a sense of self and articulate their struggles. E.g. How Billie Eilish uses her
music to talk about mental health issues and addiction; it is not merely for audience
consumption but could be deeply personal. For the artist then, it may not simply be about

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profit but also a means of creativity and self-expression, which accords pop music value
beyond just entertainment of others.

Primarily entertaining, little value otherwise

 Pop music is mass-produced and is considered music that is more commercial,
ephemeral, and accessible (i.e little artistic value). This is as the commercial factor and
profit motive are key, which tends to make the music formulaic as once a winning
formula is found (e.g., boybands and girl groups follow a similar template globally, no
matter what the country may be), it is copied and reproduced, since the entire aim is to
appeal to the widest demographic possible and maximise profit. This is as opposed to
classical music which requires skill and cultural capital to comprehend and appreciate
fully, and was not meant to appeal to all in the first place (E.g Rebecca Black’s ‘Friday’,
arguably a most meaningless song on Fridays, Eiffel 65’s ‘Blue’ and its meaningless
chorus which used a combination of the word ‘blue’ and the syllables ‘da’ ‘ba’ ‘dee’ and
‘dye’). To that end, it may be characterised as shallow entertainment.
 Pop music has no value beyond being just a form of entertainment because of the
media circus that it creates to distract people from their everyday lives (e.g how
Lou Pearlman used boybands to create scandals to sell music and forced Britney and
Justin Timberlake to date)

Requirements
 Predicated on the assumption that pop music is merely entertaining, students are
required look at other benefits/functions, and consider the significance of these
benefits today.
 Broad acceptance of what ‘pop music’ entails by allowing examples that have become
mainstream (e.g. rap).
 Responses should focus on the music primarily, and not on the celebrities/singers.

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Provides a nuanced response to the  Relevant discussion, by stating the
‘absolute’ question benefits of pop music, without looking
 Insightful responses that discuss the into reasons why such music is effective
traits of pop music (its accessibility, in delivering these benefits and the
popularity, repetitive simplicity, addictive significance of the benefits. The
rhythms) which result in specific significance of a chosen song may also
benefits (potent vehicle as a not be elaborated on or explained well.
commentary on change).  Possibly example-led, with little
 Significance of benefits/value in evaluation of the traits in pop music that
today’s context. result in its specific benefits.
 Provides reasons that take into  Examples on limited issues, with
account the features of pop music, sufficient details.
 Shows an awareness of how value may  Range of examples limited: e.g., only
be perceived differently: entertainment talking about Kpop.
value, economic/monetary value,
cultural value, etc. Low Band 3:
 Students who articulate that  Some awareness of band 3, but not
entertainment is in itself of value, will completely relevant
have provided an insightful rebuttal.  Awareness that music has several
 Wide-ranging examples that functions beyond entertainment but
demonstrate a familiarity of pop songs poorly exemplified and a limited
across societies, and/or their relevance understanding of its different functions.
to the various periods.


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10. In view of the global health threats today, should international travel still be
encouraged?

International travel still encouraged

 Despite the many fatalities and deaths worldwide, the pandemic can in fact be
managed through technological advancements, tight processes and regulatory
controls, hence providing little justification as to why travel bans should be continued.
(e.g. Reciprocal green lanes and travel bubbles between some nations, quarantine
controls for travellers, rigorous testing and contact tracing protocols. Key among the
protocols is IATA’s Travel Pass, a mobile health verification app which electronically
captures a traveller’s vaccination history and Covid-19 test results for cross border safety
checks – already implemented on a recent Qatar flight from Doha to Istanbul.)

 International travel is essential to the economic health of most countries, especially

those highly dependent on trade and tourism. International travel restrictions may
interrupt needed aid and technical support, may disrupt businesses, and may have
negative social and economic effects on the affected countries. The hopeful talk of travel
corridor and a summer recovery with the availability of vaccine and easing policies
internationally.

International travel should not be encouraged

 Given how quickly the virus spread across borders, it is fully understandable why
governments would institute travel bans. The Covid-19 pandemic has forced
governments, businesses and communities to rethink their boundaries. National and
state borders have been reinstituted, and cross-border movement of people,
goods and services has been curtailed.
 Governments in many countries are cautious and remain in emergency mode amid the
emergence of new Covid-19 variants. They must manage their domestic circumstances
first.
 Barring tourism, technological advancements have progressed to a point where
physical travel is no longer a necessity for international business travel, as virtual
meetings and Zoom conference calls provide a more efficient, cost-effective way of
getting work done. (e.g. Bill Gates has predicted that the pandemic will fundamentally
alter the way people travel for and conduct business, even after it is over, saying that he
predicts over 50% of business travel and over 30% of days in the office will be un-
necessary in the pandemic’s aftermath.)

Requirements
Key terms
 ‘Global health threats today’ – Beyond the current pandemic, examples can also
extend to the H1N1/ Avian flu/ Ebola crises, as well as the health threat effects brought
about by climate change.
 ‘should’ – consider outcome, whether desirable or undesirable.
 ‘still be encouraged’ – acknowledge that travel in the past was encouraged, but to
examine if challenges in the present continue to merit travel across borders.

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Analyse how international travel has  State the outcomes of international
merits that either outweigh or can be travel to justify (not) allowing
outweighed by the prospect of global international travel
health threats.  Surface possible alternatives to travel.
 Look at the significance of impact of

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international travel  Details of examples may be sufficient

 Response clearly reflects a backdrop in supporting a point, they may be
of a global health threat - like SARS, limited in terms of context and depth.
Ebola.
 In doing so, the response shows an Low Band 3
analysis of how global health threats  Brevity of examples
can/cannot be managed such that  Primarily listing why international travel
international travel should/should not be should be encouraged/discouraged but
encouraged. Awareness that the vague in detail and arguments are un-
unprecedented global nature of the developed.
crisis has shown that we were not  May be too focused on the benefits of
prepared enough. There is a need for travel for the individual -
more cooperation and collaboration
amongst various partners, including
governments and regulators.
 Examples are broad and wide-ranging
about the respective countries that have
managed the pandemic well (examples
will still reflect the travel and aviation
industry)

11. How far would you agree that technological progress has done more harm than
good for gender equality?

More harm than good for gender equality:

 The Internet is a far more powerful breeding ground for misogynistic sentiments
than it is a vehicle for positive affirmation, given its anonymity and ungovernable
fringes. The terra incognita that much of the internet represents means that it continues
to be a platform where sexism flourishes unabated, hidden from the gaze of society and
regulators (‘incel’ online communities that target women, pornhub that allowed revenge
porn, online sex trafficking communities on the darkweb)
 Expansions and the advent of new growth sectors as a result of technological
advancement would tend to reinforce men’s privileged position in STEM fields more
than they serve to enhance career opportunities for women. Additionally, while in
theory, women seem to benefit from entering fields of innovative and disruptive
technologies, in reality, they are increasingly targeted by gender discrimination and
various forms of harassment in these new sectors.

More good than harm

 More good than harm because the female empowerment made possible by
technological advancements in social media have precipitated sweeping changes in pro-
female policy and societal attitudes, which are more impactful than the harm caused by
the reinforcement of personal sexist prejudices.
 Advancements in technology that allow domestic roles to be fulfilled more efficiently as
well as make flexible work arrangements more viable have allowed women to extend
their influence beyond the domestic sphere permanently, even though they have
had to adjust to expanded responsibilities at the beginning.
 The democratisation of education and employment through better connective
technologies, particularly in developing countries, has allowed women to level up in
terms of knowledge, skills and employability, leading to greater gender parity in the
long term that tends to outlast the initial heightening of social tensions. (E.g. A
2017 study on women’s digital literacy in Indonesia, for instance, shows that teaching

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women how to create content and share information on digital media can open more
opportunities for economic and professional growth—like access to online banking—
while simultaneously reducing gender inequality. For instance, women in Indonesian
digital literacy trainings learned how to market products on digital platforms, helping them
compete in online trade markets.)

Requirements
 Keywords – ‘more harm than good’ necessitates a look at whether the impact of
technological progress has been counterproductive where the greater gender equality
is concerned.
 Predominant discussion focus on women/men’s fight for equality. Some discussion
can be extended, but not limited to gender equality between LGBTQ groups and
conventional genders.

Band 2 & above Band 3

 Link between technological progress  Evident understanding of how
and gender equality is clearly technologies can have an
established. adverse/positive impact on gender
 Features of technology are provided equality and what the impact is, but
to explain how gender gap is more focused on listing. (e.g.
narrowed or widened. Technological progress has improved
 Responses in this category show a gender equality in the area of
clear comparison of the harm and education)
good that technology has contributed to  Causal links are secure and make
gender equality – not necessarily sense.
present in every paragraph, but seen  While examples are valid, they are
holistically throughout the essay. confined to a limited category (e.g.
 Understanding that ‘technological social media) and few societies.
progress’ (not ‘technology’ alone) can  General sense of comparison,
refer to the trajectory of technological although not evident in every
advancements – for instance, in the paragraph.
expansion of existing technological  Some scripts failed to go beyond Band
sectors, creation of new tech 3 because of limited scope: in these
sectors/industries, improved responses, technology is limited to
accessibility or reduced cost of social media only. Students should
technologies. know that when technology is the topic,
 A good range of technologies discussed a good range should be employed. In
and across societies. this essay, one could consider
advances in medical science or the
technology that is used to remove hard
labour at work.

Low Band 3
 Brevity of examples.
 Causal links are simplistic or at times
problematic.
 Superficial sense of comparison,
possibly in terms of providing a greater
number of positive vs negative effects of
tech progress, and vice versa

12. ‘People, rather than the government, should be responsible for their own well-
being.’ Comment.

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People should be responsible for their own well-being

 Respect for personal autonomy and rights of the individual. Each person should get
to decide what is best for themselves and have control over their own lives. They should
be able to pursue their own ideal of well-being as they themselves define it. This is
especially the case over areas that are seen to be private and personal (e.g. despite
increasing worldwide pressure, Australia continues to resist calls to introduce a sugar
tax, saying that food labelling laws and voluntary codes of conduct to restrict food
marketing to children are adequate)
 Individuals are also in the best position to decide what’s best for themselves and
what works best for their respective lifestyles and in meeting their own needs.

Government should be responsible for well-being of people

 The state is sometimes a better provider for individuals than individuals themselves as
individuals often do not act in their own best interests (e.g. forced savings or pension
schemes such as CPF in Singapore ensures that people set aside sufficient funds for
retirement)
 We should not forget that the fundamental responsibility of any state is to its citizens, a
duty of care that underpins the relationship between the individual and the government.
In this regard, the state should nonetheless be responsible in helping maintain the
well-being of its citizens (e.g. legislation restricting smoking such as taxes and
restricting the sale based on age, compulsory seat belt laws)
 The government may have the greater capacity to ensure the well-being of people
and thus have greater responsibility, particularly that of considering the wider public good
(e.g. provision of universal healthcare systems like Britain’s NHS). This might especially
be the case in context like public emergencies (e.g. COVID lockdowns and ‘circuit
breaker’, legislation on mask wearing etc.)

Requirements
 ‘People, rather than the government’ suggests there exists tension between individual
autonomy and the state.
 ‘Responsible … for well-being’ necessitates an evaluation of accountability or who
should bear the burden of the physical and emotional welfare and happiness of
individuals.
 Discussion might not necessarily be binary – it is not mutually exclusive (i.e. individual
or the government) though the tension between the two entities must be addressed. It
is possible to look at broad conditions and contexts under which either the government
or the individual should have a greater share of responsibility Regardless of the
approach, reasons are required to justify the choice of one over the other.
Band 2 & above Band 3
 Analyse why one, not the other should  State the different aspects of life where
be responsible for individual welfare, individuals or the government should be
demonstrating awareness of issues responsible (egs in the areas of
inherent in the question (goals of the healthcare, jobs, lifestyle, security)
country vs individual desires, for e.g.)  Some attempt to address and explain
 Clear understanding of the tension why either the state or individual should
between individual autonomy and state be responsible.
responsibilities and how these goals  Adequate examples that are relevant,
may conflict. but limited to a few societies
 Response should discuss the impact of
governments taking responsibility of Low Band 3
people’s well-being or the impact  Partial relevance in that understanding
created when people take charge of of ‘well-being’ is not always clear or

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their own well-being. limited. This might be too narrow e.g.

 A good range of examples discussed only be understood as ‘safety’ or
across countries, as well as a ‘survival’ or vague.
sophisticated understanding that ‘well-  Failing to address the word “should”
being’ can extend beyond physical instead looking at whether this can
needs. happen or does happen in reality.
 Examples lack sufficient details

21