MODULE 2

PROBLEM FORMULATION AND IDEA GENERATION

By:
PM SR DR MONA ISA
 Topics To Cover
01 Sources of Idea

02 Library Search

03 Literature Review
SOURCES OF IDEA
How To Select Topic?
How To Structure Your Research Work?
 How To Choose Topic
Q3:
Q1:

What INFORMATION Is it
I need FINANCIALLY
to obtain? feasible?

Q4: Q2:
.

Do I need to SURVEY? How to

GAIN ACCESS to
the relevant people?
 How To Select Topic?
What are Where did the
some of the topic/issue
main issues come from?
in this field?

What did they Why & what

find? made you
think of it?

What are some

key studies that
have been done?
What further What are the
investigation main trends that
Where? Where? have occurred in
By Whom? is needed? the field?
Source: Prof Mohd Hassan, 2020;
Entrepreneurship in 4th IR
Source: Prof Mohd Hassan, Oct 2020;
Entrepreneurship in 4th IR
 1.0
3.0

https://inspen.gov.my/index.php/en/irers-2020-1/55-irers-
2002-proceedings/104-irers-2002-proceedings
WHERE THE IDEA
2.0 COMES FROM?
1.0
http://www.mipfm.org.my/

https://library.uitm.edu.my/en/
How To Structure Research Work?
STEP 3 STEP 1

Talk to your lecturer or company, Start with POSSIBLE topic.

general Google, checking journals

Text Here

STEP 4 STEP 2
. Step back and try and see Find out what the general
the bigger picture state of the area
Topics To Cover Jan 2020 – April 2021

01 Sources of Idea

02 Library Search

03 Literature Review
 EXERCISE:
How To Structure Research Work?
Where did Why & what What are What are What are What did What further
the made you the main some of the some key they find? investigatio
topic/issue think of it? trends that main issues studies that n is
come from? have in this field? have been needed?
occurred in done?
(Author) the field? Where?
Where? By
Whom?

1.
2.
3. Author Tahun Research Main Findings Remarks
A1 - mONA 2016 Design
Quali - FindiVariabl
3- asakbnda
Interview e
LITERATURE REVIEW
What Is LR?
Goal For LR
LR Sources
How To Structure Your LR
 What Is Literature Review?
What HAVE BEEN
Variety of PUBLISHED or DONE already in your
UNPUBLISHED materials area of interest, and what
related . REMAINS TO BE
.
to your topics
DONE
To obtain information regarding: A PROCESS to find
-theory . other work related to your
-research method proposed topic or idea
-types of data analysis

It is not based on

SUMMARY that related

.
YOUR PERSONAL
to your project OPINION –
they are based on statements that
need to be justified
Industrial automation
 What Is Literature Review?
Discussion of papers.
To identify which papers are
important to your topic.
How will your proposed study
contribute to the current .
state of knowledge. Statements maybe justified
by your own argument @
results, but better by
CITING OTHER
Summary of the LR you have
PUBLISHED WORK
read that is related to your . .
project, with comments as to
how this fits with your own How does your study differ
proposed word. from the earlier studies

What other people have done. How are the earlier studies similar
and match with your objectives? to your proposed study
 Goal Of LR
To demonstrate a familiarity with
.
a body of knowledge and establish
To identify gap in
current knowledge
S W credibility

To put your own work To bring clarity & focus. to

into perspective O T your problem statement
 Literature Sources
01 02 03 04

Non- Electronic LR is
Electronic Media Other sources:
Media communicated via:
. .
online database, websites Conference, Seminar
newspaper articles, Proceeding Seminar Abstract
conference proceedings, Report, Bulletin, Text Bibliography
journals, textbooks, Books Catalog
theses, professional Theses Indexes
journals Lecture Journal
Anthology Encyclopedia
 MAIN INFORMATION IN LR
Research
findings
Research design

Theory
Main variables

Research method
and data analysis
 • TO IDENTIFY new approach
or theoretical development.

• TO COMPARE what have

others done.

• TO IDENTIFY method.
WHY LR:
• IDENTIFY variables relevant
to your study.

• TO OBTAIN ideas on how to

analyse your data.
 How To Structure Your LR
Portfolio Evolution Theory
TOPICAL PATTERN - The Development of Value at Risk
- Early Implementation of VAR
Eg: Value at Risk Modelling
- Theories of Organisation
Analysis based on Monte Carlo
- Functional Perspective
Stimulation
- System Perspective
Introduction>Risk & Portfolio
- Interpretive Perspective
Theory (Market Risk & Portfolio
Evolution) > Approach To MCS
(Local Valuation & Full Valuation) > HISTORICAL PATTERN
Conclusion

Theory A
General > Specific Theory B
Theory of Organization > Theory C
Communication in organisation > Summary
Email communication > Present summary
Relationship email and
communication > Language in
email COMPARISON WRITING
GENERAL TO SPECIFIC
 • RE-READ all your sources
• ARRANGE YOUR MATERIALS
GUIDELINE into topical groups
• USE MATRIX to summarise
TO WRITE • PARAPHASE instead quote
LR? • MUST HAVE HEADING AND
SUB-HEADING
• EACH TOPICS MUST LINK
(INTER-CONNECT TO EACH
OTHER)
• CONCLUSIONS
  Not from A to Z…instead Z
Plan – Write – Revise –
WRITING Rewrite – Edit
PROCESS  Aspect of writing:
-Content or Idea
-organization of ideas
-Expression of ideas
-Grammar and vocabulary
-Mechanics & formatting
 WHY cite your sources?
• To provide documentary evidence,
keeping record or paper trail.
• Research is not complete until it
informs others (get it published). USING SOURCES
• Make general statement. Then
take specific details to support
IN YOUR WRITING
your general statement.
• Specific details include: facts,
statistics, definitions, examples,
explanations, comparisons.
 • Hundreds of variations
• Each source cited in the text
must appear in the list of
How To Cite references with full
Reference bibliography information
Sources • All involve acknowledging
the sources in 2 places:
• In your written text
Mona (2018) cited that…..
• In a list of references at the
end of your report or thesis
References:
 1. FIND OUT system you expected
to use – Endnote System,
Mandeley System
2. BE CONSISTENT: don’t mix
style or system
3. CITE the source of any idea,
quotation, paraphrase or
How To Cite? summary
4. ANY TIME you use someone
else’s words, ideas, table,
diagram, matrix, taxonomy, table
or chart
 SELF STUDY

To Choose Your Own Referencing System:

• MANDELEY
• END-NOTE

Class Rep To Call Library For Referencing

Class
 Plan And Structure Your Research
Work :

1. Document Map
Exercise:
2. Style: Heading 1, Heading 2,
Heading 3, Heading 4

3. References > Table Of Contents

4. Referencing System > End Note,

Mandeley
Thank You