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Lab 2, 3 Vernier Caliper

The document describes measuring the dimensions of a sample cylinder using a Vernier caliper. It explains that a Vernier caliper has a main scale and Vernier scale to measure lengths and diameters to the nearest least count of 0.1 mm. The procedure involves taking multiple readings of the cylinder's length and diameter between the caliper's jaws and calculating the average to determine the mean length, diameter, and volume using the volume formula for a cylinder.

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Waqas Muneer Khan
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776 views3 pages

Lab 2, 3 Vernier Caliper

The document describes measuring the dimensions of a sample cylinder using a Vernier caliper. It explains that a Vernier caliper has a main scale and Vernier scale to measure lengths and diameters to the nearest least count of 0.1 mm. The procedure involves taking multiple readings of the cylinder's length and diameter between the caliper's jaws and calculating the average to determine the mean length, diameter, and volume using the volume formula for a cylinder.

Uploaded by

Waqas Muneer Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVE:

To Measure the dimensions of the given sample using Vernier Caliper. 


APPARATUS:
Vernier Caliper, Given Sample.

DESCRIPTION:
A Vernier caliper consists of mainly two parts.
i.
                     A 2cm wide 15cm long rectangular metal strip. The left end bottom side of this strip consists
of fixed jaw and at the same end jaw at the top of the strip. On the strip a scale is graduated in
inches along the upper edge and another scale is graduated in centimeters along the lower
edge. This is called main scale.
      ii.            A metal frame V called vernier slides over the Main scale. At the bottom of this frame V a
button is attached, which helps to fix this vernier at any desired place on the main scale. This
vernier frame jaws at the bottom and a jaw at the top. Two scale are graduated on this frame
corresponding to two scales on the main scale. The two scales on the verneir are called
Verneir  scales. Verneir scales consists of equal number of divisions.

The lower jaws are used to measure the thickness or external diameter of the tubes , cylinders
or spheres.
The upper jaws are used to measure the inner diameter of hollow bodies like tubes or holes.
The thin strip is used to measure the depth of the objects like the tubes.

THEORY:

Principle of Vernier Caliper - N division on the Vernier scale is equal to division on the
main scale.
N (V.S.D) = (N-1) M.S.D
1 V.S.D = (N-1/N) M.S.D

Least count (L.C) of Vernier calipers: Minimum length or thickness measurable with the
Vernier caliper is called its least count.

Least count of a vernier caliper is also known as vernier constant. It is defined as the
difference between one main scale division and 1 vernier scale division.

L.C of vernier caliper is 0.1 mm.

Least count (L.C) = 1 M.S.D – 1 V.S.D


L.C = 1 M.S.D – (N-1/N)M.S.D
L.C = 1 M.S.D [1- N-1/N]
L.C = 1M.S.D/N = S/N
Where S is the value of one Main scale division and N is the number of equal division on the
Vernier scale.
PROCEDURE:
i.
                     First we have to determine the least count of the given Vernier caliper.
      ii.            To determine the volume of cylinder we have to determine
a)      The length of the cylinder
b)      Radius of cylinder
And substituting these values in the equation for the volume of the cylinder we can calculate
it.
A.    To determine the LENGTH of The CYLINDER:
Give cylinder is held gently b/w jaws of Vernier caliper. The reading on the main scale just
before the zero of the Vernier is noted. This is called main scale reading. The number of
division on the Vernier which coincides perfectly with any one of the main scale divisions is
noted. This is called the Vernier coincidence. The Vernier coincidence (V.C= n) is multiply
by least count to get the fraction of a main scale division. This is added to the main scale
reading (M.S.D) to total reading or total length of the cylinder.
Total reading = M.S.R + (V.C*L.C)
Take the reading, keeping the cylinders b/w jaws at different positions. Post the values
of  M.S.R & Vernier coincidence in the table.

B.     To determine the DIAMETER of the CYLINDER:


Place the cylinder diametrically b/w the jaws of vernier, as in above case post the values of
M.S.R &vernier coincidence in the table. Take at least 5 readings, calculate the average of
these readings which gives the mean diameter(d=2r) of the cylinder.
C.    To determine the VOLUME of The CYLINDER:
Substituting the values of the mean length of the cylinder &mean diameter of the cylinder
which is already determined, in the formula V = πr2Lcm3

OBSERVATIONS:
·         Least count of the vernier caliper:
1)      Value of 1 Main scale division = 1M.S.D = S= ………cm
2)      Number of division on the vernier scale N =………….cm
Least count            L.C =S/N =……..cm
3)      Zero error = x (positive error)
·         Volume of the cylinder:
o   Length of the cylinder

Total
M.S.R Fraction
S.NO. Vernier Coincidence Reading
(cm) B= (n-x)*L.C
(a+b) cm

1 2.6 9 0.09 2.69

2 2.7 1 0.01 2.71


3 2.7 2 0.02 2.72

4 2.7 2 0.02 2.72

5 2.6 8 0.08 2.68

Average length of The cylinder L = 2.70 cm

o   Diameter of the cylinder

Total
M.S.R Fraction
S.NO. Vernier Coincidence Reading
(cm) B= (n-x)*L.C
(a+b) cm

1 1.4 5 0.05 1.45

2 1.4 4 0.04 1.44

3 1.4 6 0.06 1.46

4 1.4 5 0.05 1.45

5 1.4 6 0.06 1.46

Average diameter of the cylinder = 2r =  1.45 cm


Mean radius of the cylinder       r = d/2
Volume of the cylinder              V = πr2Lcm3

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