Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges for universities

around the world, including how to keep students engaged in their professional

development, despite the challenges of remote learning and virtual student

services. At a time when colleges and universities are anxious to prove that their

graduates are employable, internships are being increasingly considered as

valuable ‘high-impact’ practices.

Engaging in the real world experience of work will be hard for the students

after finishing college because they are not satisfied with the theoretical knowledge

that they have learned and they need to immerse themselves in the world of work.

Thus, the University of Rizal System in its commitment to deliver high-

quality education and produce competent graduates, creates programs that will

realize its mission. These programs include the 240 hours On-the-

Job/Apprenticeship training experience outside the university.

On The Job training (OJT) is a practical approach in acquiring new

competencies and skills needed for a job in a real working environment. Through

OJT, student trainees learn how to use particular tools or equipment in a live-work

practice, simulated, or training environment. Rather than showing employees

presentations or giving them worksheets, they learn about the job by doing it.

Moreover, this training happens at the workplace, with guidance from a

supervisor, manager, or another knowledgeable employee. On-the-job training

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
isn’t always a standard practice, but it can increase productivity and efficiency in

specific industries. Not only that, it can benefit the company as a whole, from

reducing training costs to creating more effective, motivated employees.

Finally, it allows employees to gain experience working in situations very

similar to those they’ll encounter on a daily basis. Employees will use the same

tools and equipment they need for their job while being guided by an experienced

trainer.

Rationale

Studies have shown that when people learn job skills in the work area where

they will later be required to use those skills, as they do in OJT, they have a better

chance of retaining and later applying those skills on the job because it is a form

of job instruction that occurs directly at the worksite while the student learning is

doing his job by working alongside and learning from a more experienced worker.

It is the aim of the OJT experience to provide instruction and practice

opportunity so that the inexperienced learner can develop the knowledge, skills,

and competencies required to perform the job tasks associated with the student’s

job role. It also takes advantage of proven instructional techniques, including active

learning, hands-on learning, and opportunities for practice and feedback.

The inexperienced student performs and observes real job tasks being

performed in the work area, using the real machines, equipment, tools, processes,

and procedures specifically in the field.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
The university through its apprenticeship program realizes its mission in the

240 hours training of the student intern in the field of agriculture. It is the goal of

the student intern to learn the fundamentals of work inside the establishment he is

training in so that he will be prepared someday.

Objectives of the Practicum

The student trainee who undergoes practicum should be able to attain the

following objectives set by the college:

1. Provide interns with the opportunity to acquire practical knowledge, skills,

and desirable attitudes and values in reputable establishment in the country;

2. Enhance the interns’ work competencies and discipline as they relate to

people in the workplace;

3. Promote competitiveness of interns through their training;

4. Strengthen and enrich the degree programs of URS;

5. Provide opportunities to learn from network with experienced professionals;

6. Handle new challenges, complex tasks and problems;

7. Identify future career directions and become candidates for future job

openings;

8. Build and maintain a harmonious relationship with the host training

establishments through collaboration and complementation of resources;

and

9. Evaluate the learning competencies learned and practiced by the interns.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
The Output

The following are the output of the student trainee during his training at

Rayanton Farms and Livestock Corporation:

• Feeding Management

• Water Management

• Brooding Management

• Expanding Chicks During Brooding

• Mortality Collection and Monitoring

• Scripping Manures for Biogas Production

• Administration of Medication and Vitamins

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Review of Related Literature

Broiler Production

Sams, A. R. (2016) stated in his study that poultry is a species of poultry

used for human food cooking. The main types of poultry are chickens and turkeys,

while additional poultry can include ducks, geese, quails, and pigeons. Chicken is

the only type of poultry that has a high commercial value because the need for

chicken meat is very large

Broiler chickens are raised in large, open structures called houses, where

they roam, explore, eat, and commune with other chickens. Some (including free-

range chickens) have varying access to the outdoors, based on farmer preference.

Broiler chickens arrive at the farm at the same time, from the same hatchery, to

maintain biosecurity on the farm. (Grey10Media, 2019)

Management of ventilation, housing, stocking density and in-house

procedures must be evaluated regularly to support good welfare of the flock. The

breeding stock (broiler-breeders) grow to maturity and beyond but also have

welfare issues related to the frustration of a high feeding motivation and beak

trimming. Broilers are usually grown as mixed-sex flocks in large sheds under

intensive conditions.

Indonesia is a very fertile agricultural country. The majority of the

populations lives in various sectors, including agriculture, plantations, and

livestock. One of many animal husbandry businesses developed in Indonesia

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
today is a broiler farm. For broiler farms, the controlled maintenance of the closed

house form will produce better quality broilers. (A. N. Kholidi, 2015).

Boosted by rising incomes, a growing middle class, and robust demand in

food service and retail, the Philippine broiler sector has surged over the past

decade and is set to continue in the coming years. The United States Department

of Agriculture (USDA), Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) in Manila, Philippines

commissioned the University of Asia and the Pacific (UA&P) to conduct a broad

study on the Philippine broiler market, emerging trends, and prospects for future

growth. (Philippines: Philippine Broiler Market Trends and Prospects, 2020)

Commercial poultry farming in the Philippines is currently dominated by

contract poultry farmers. (Broiler Production in the Philippines - Poultry Manual,

n.d.)

Feeding Management of Broilers

Neves et al. (2014) states that feed related costs are the main drivers of

profitability of commercial poultry farms, and good nutrition is mainly responsible

for the exceptional growth rate responses of current poultry species. So far, most

research on the poultry feeding behaviour addresses the productivity indices and

birds' physiological responses, but few studies have considered the biomechanical

characteristics involved in this process.

The paper aims to review biomechanical issues related to feed behaviour

of domestic chickens to address some issues related to the feed used in

commercial broiler chicken production, considering feed particle size, physical

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
form and the impact of feeders during feeding. It is believed that the biomechanical

evaluation might suggest a new way for feed processing to meet the natural

feeding behaviour of the birds.

Feeding during the initial period of the first week is done by continuous

feeding. The continuous feeding is done as often as possible with small amounts

at the time. Broiler chicks in this period are still in the learning stage and adapting

to the environment so that feeding in small amounts is intended not to be wasted

and a feed is not mixed with broiler manure.

Broiler Nutrient Requirements and Medication Program

Chickens are susceptible to vitamin deficiency because their gut flora can

synthesize only a small amount of vitamins, and in intensive systems of rearing

chickens undergoe many stresses.

Azolla is the cheapest and abundant unconventional plant protein source

that improves feed conversion efficiency, energy efficiency, and economic

performance without any deleterious effects on birds or humans. Namra MMM, et.

Al (2010).

Brooding Management

While Brooding Management in Poultry, poultry producer's one common

mistake is to think only of maintaining the proper temperature. Apart from

temperature we should also take care of other issues. Other issues like 80-20 rule ,

which means that 80% of the consequences come from 20% of the causes. While
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
brooding we should always think about the brooding temperature, air quality, water

and feed.

The first week of Brooding Management in Poultry corresponds to 23% of

the life of the 1.75g broiler. This first week represented 11% of the entire life in

1978 to achieve the same weight. So the proper commitment to a good start is

very important for the broiler, and each good point achieved will be rewarded in

good performance. In many countries, some poultry producers think that by the

second week the birds are adults already and stop giving them external help to

maintain good conditions. This could lead to one of the worst situations in the

brooding period. (Limited, 2019).

Common Diseases of Broiler Chickens

Necrotic enteritis

(El-Hack et al., 2021) Digestive tract infections are a major concern in the

poultry industry and have led to severe economic losses (Salem and Attia, 2021).

Necrotic enteritis (NE) in either clinical or subclinical form is a major enteric poultry

disease that has a detrimental effect on profitability in the broiler industry (Bansal

et al., 2021; Salem et al., 2021). A survey by Van der Sluis (2000) estimated that

the cost of subclinical NE can be as high as 5 cents per bird, and NE outbreaks

have the potential to cost the global broiler industry approximately $2 billion per

year.
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Omphalitis

Omphalitis is a noncontagious infection of the navel and/or yolk sac in

young poultry. It is more likely in unclean environments, which allow opportunistic

bacterial infection. Signs include navel inflammation, anorexia, depression,

reduced weight gain, and increased mortality in the first 2 weeks after hatching.

Treatment of affected birds with antibiotics is often ineffective. Prevention is by

improving sanitation and general husbandry. Sander (2023)

Chicken Heat Stroke Symptoms

Chicken stroke has always been the main issue in the poultry farm. There are

various signs which confirm the occurring of heat stroke in chickens and heat stress

in broilers. Some of the chicken heat stroke symptoms are reduced feed

consumption, wings, and legs outstretched and reduced egg production. There are

some other signs of heat stress in chickens such as increased cannibalism,

slowness and lethargy and increased mortality.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Chapter 2

NARRATION OF EXPERIENCES

This part of the narrative report contains the detailed program of activities

that the student intern have undertaken at Rayanton Farms and Livestock

Corporation. It discusses the different experiences and learnings that the student

have acquired in his 240 hours of internship.

Arrival at Rayanton Farms and Livestock Corporation

The student intern arrived at Rayanton Farms and Livestock Corporation on

March 1, 2023 to undergo internship training until April 1, 2023. The student is

mandated to have a two hundred forty hours of internship at the poultry farm.

The farm has a _ hectares of land property and is housing almost __ broiler

of different breeds and strains. It has nine (9) houses or buildings in which six of

these are conventional buildings while three (3) are tunnels that uses cooling pad

systems.

When the student interns arrived at the poultry farm, they followed the

standard protocols to ensure the safety and health of the birds inside the premises.

This includes washing their hands, wearing protective clothing, and disinfecting

their footwear. The purpose of these measures is to prevent the introduction of

diseases or pathogens that could harm the birds.

The farm supervisors toured the student around the farm and conducted a

short orientation with regards to the work that they will be doing for the next thirty

days of their stay in the farm.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Table 1 shows the schedule of activities performed by the student at Victorio

Poultry Farms.

Table 1

Schedule of Activities at Victorio Poultry Farms

(March 1 – April 1, 2023)

Activities Date
Feeding Management March 1 – April 1, 2023
Water Management March 1 – April 1, 2023
Brooding Management First 21 Days
Ventilation and House Management March 1 – April 1, 2023
Expanding Chicks During Brooding March 1 – April 1, 2023
Mortality Collection and Monitoring March 1 – April 1, 2023
Scripping Manures for Biogas Every 2 Days
Administration of Medication and Three times a Week
Vitamins

The activities performed by the student intern during the whole period of

internship includes feeding management, water management, brooding

management, expanding chicks during brooding, mortality collection and

monitoring, scripping manures for biogas and administration of medication and

vitamins.

The training lasted for a month wherein the student stayed inside the farm

as part of their biosecurity control and was never allowed to go outside unless

necessary. There are also different technicalities and terms that the student learn

while inside the farm and doing his scheduled task or work and it will be discussed

on the next page which is for the technical analysis and discussions.
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Farm History and Description

Rayanton Farms and Livestocks Corporation is a medium-scale integrated

poultry and livestock producer established forty years ago by couple Jose Antonio

Raya from Bataan and Teresita Molina Raya of Marikina. The business has grown

by leaps and bounds in the hands of its second generation family members, led by

the son Jelo and his siblings.

Mr. Jose Antonio Raya was a certified public accountant who worked with

the Bank of the Philippine Islands managing business portfolios of some of the

bank’s valued clients. Since his dream was to go into business, he resigned from

the bank to pursue his dream.

Together with his wife Teresita Molina Raya, who resigned from her job as

Branch Manager of Producer’s bank, they bought a property in Antipolo where they

raised chicken and sold it directly in the wet market. It eventually boom and

became the office and first farm of Rayanton Farms and Livestock Corporations.

Today, Rayanton Farms is an integrated and sustainable farm operation

composed of layer operations, hatchery operations, piggery operations, feed mill,

biogas plant and laboratory. It has operations on provinces like Rizal, Bulacan and

Batangas.

Rayanton has now been transformed into a progressive state-of-the-art

complex of modern poultry and livestock farms to serve the Filipino’s ever-growing

demand for food and it has been continuously adapting to new technologies and

mechanized production systems.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Technical Analysis

Feeding Management

Feeding management is important for the growth and development of

broiler chickens. Feeding management is one of the most important aspects of

broiler production. Broilers are fast-growing birds that require a balanced diet to

support their rapid growth and development. Proper feeding management can

maximize the growth potential of broilers and help to achieve optimal weight,

uniformity, and feed conversion.

In Rayanton Farms, feeding of broiler chickens are usually done three (3)

to four (4) times a day depending on how the chickens consume the feed provided

previously. The student trainees usually follow the schedule or time of feeding

which is three o’clock in the morning (3:00am), eleven o’clock in the morning

(11:00am) and seven o’clock in the evening (7:00pm).

There are also times where the chickens are provided feeds every ten

o’clock in the evening (10:00pm). The feeds that are provided were added as the

chickens boost their appetite.

The feeds are gradually changing depending on the growth of the chicken.

For the first twelve (12) days, the broilers are provided with Chick Booster. The

feeding process is manual so that the chicken will not be forced and there are times

when they are not properly fed which causes mortality at an early stage or brooding

stage. The feeds are changed to starter feeds after twelve (12) days and it will be
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
supplemented until twenty one (21) days. Finisher feeds are given after twenty one

(21) days until harvest.

The manual process of feeding are done from Day 1 to Day 18 and it will

change to automated pipe system of feeding for the rest of the growing period. In

this system, the feeds are placed in the main hopper or ogger which will go to the

feeder line. There are 600 pieces of feeder line which has 5 rows with 120 pieces

each.

Water Management

Water management is a crucial aspect of broiler production. Water is

essential for the growth and development of broiler chickens, and it is important to

ensure that they have access to clean and fresh water at all times There are two

types in water management for broiler, Water quality is critical in broiler production.

Clean and fresh water were made available to broilers at all times. Water

quality is essential to bird health, and waterers were checked and cleaned regularly.

In Rayanton Farms, the waterline is automatic and water provision is done from

the first day. The waterline has a total of 2,850 pieces. It has also 5 rows with 570

pieces.

The water should be clean, free from contaminants and pathogens, and

should meet the nutritional requirements of the birds. Poor-quality water can lead

to reduced performance, increased mortality, and health problems such as

bacterial infections and diseases. Water availability is also important in broiler

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
production. The birds should have access to water at all times to ensure that they

stay hydrated and consume enough water to support their growth.

Brooding Management

During the brooding period, the chicks' immune system is still developing.

Adequate brooding management, including proper temperature, space, feed,

water, and ventilation, can help establish a strong immune system, reducing the

risk of disease and mortality throughout the grow-out period.

The very critical part of raising broiler is during brooding period that is why

the farm practices expanding along the period. It involves the gradually increasing

the amount of space available to chicks as they grow and develop. This can be

done by removing partitions or dividers between pens or sections, or by opening

up additional areas within the brooding space. The expansion should be done

gradually to avoid overwhelming the chicks and causing stress.

Since the first day, the student trainees with the assistance of the farm staffs

adjusts the metal barriers they are using to minimize the spaces inside the pen

and will allow the chicks to eat properly during feeding. The barriers are adjusted

every 2 days. After 21 days, full expansion inside the house is done so that they

can move freely inside.

The farm also uses cooling pads which are an important component of

ventilation systems in poultry houses, particularly in hot and humid climates. The

purpose of a cooling pad is to provide a source of evaporative cooling that can

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
reduce the temperature and humidity inside the poultry house, creating a more

comfortable environment for the birds.

Ventilation and House Management

A blower is an essential piece of equipment used in the construction of

tunnel ventilation systems for broiler houses. The purpose of a tunnel ventilation

system is to provide a consistent and adequate supply of fresh air to the birds,

remove excess heat and humidity, and maintain a comfortable and healthy

environment.

Since Rayanton Farms adapts new technologies, they utilizes conventional

system of housing birds and the tunnel system which both requires a good

ventilation system to ensure the safety and health of the birds. For conventional

houses, the farm uses cooling fan and exhaust fan whenever the birds needed air

and proper temperature. In their tunnel system, a blower is used to draw air from

outside the building, through the cool cell pads, and into the broiler house.

The blower creates negative pressure inside the building, which pulls air

through the cool cell pads and provides a steady flow of fresh air to the birds.

selecting the right blower is critical for the success of a tunnel ventilation system

in a broiler house. Capacity, efficiency, noise level, durability, and maintenance are

all important factors to consider when choosing a blower for tunnel building in

broiler houses. A properly designed and installed tunnel ventilation system with the

right blower can help to provide a comfortable and healthy environment for broiler

chickens, leading to improved growth and productivity.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Expanding Chicks During Brooding

Expanding chicks refers to the process of gradually increasing the space

and access to resources for young broiler chickens as they grow and develop. In

Rayanton Farms, expanding was done during brooding period wherein with the

use of metal sheets, the space of the pen are gradually increased or decreased

depending on the needs of the chicks.

The expansion of the barriers are usually done every two days in Rayanton

Farms. The chicks are actually monitored during this stage to make sure that the

temperature is enough.

Mortality Collection and Monitoring

Mortality collection is an essential component of broiler management, as it

allows producers to identify and address potential health issues in the flock. High

mortality rates in poultry production can be a significant concern as they can impact

the overall productivity and profitability of the operation. Mortality can be caused

by a variety of factors, including infectious diseases, parasitic infections,

environmental stressors, and inadequate nutrition or water supply.

The collection of mortality in Rayanton Farms is done regularly as the

student trainees prepare the pens for feeding and for other activities during the

period of rearing broiler chickens. The collection of mortality is an important task

to isolate dead birds and avoid the risks it can cause to the other birds.
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Scraping Manure for Biogas

Scraping is an important process done in broiler production to manage

litter and maintain a clean and healthy environment for the birds. It uses a tool

called scrapper which is typically a tractor-mounted implement that is used to

remove and transport the used litter from the broiler house.

The farm uses scraper at regular intervals, operated by a trained operator,

and maintained properly to ensure its safe and efficient operation. It is well-

managed litter system that can help to improve bird health and productivity, reduce

the risk of disease, and improve overall profitability for broiler producers.

Rayanton Farms make sure to prevent the buildup of disease-causing

pathogens in the poultry house. Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses can thrive

in moist and dirty environments, and their buildup can lead to disease outbreaks

among the birds. They do regular scrapping to keep the poultry house clean and

dry, reducing the risk of disease transmission.

Medication and Vitamins Program

A medication and vitamin program is an important aspect of broiler

management that can help to ensure the health and productivity of the flock. The

program should be designed in consultation with a veterinarian and should be

based on the specific needs of the flock, the disease risks in the region, and other

factors. The farm uses acidic fire if the chicks shows sign of weakness during cold

season wherein the chicks need the assistance of these types of vitamins and

medication for resistance.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
They also uses Calci Mags to strengthen the bones. The vaccination in

Rayanton Farms is done once in a grow when the chicks were 7 day old.

The use of medication in broiler chickens should always be done under the

guidance of a veterinarian and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

The decision to use medication should be based on a proper diagnosis of the

condition, and other management practices such as biosecurity, vaccination, and

nutrition should be considered first.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Comparison and Analysis

Feeding Management

Broilers should be fed on a regular schedule to ensure that they have

access to fresh feed at all times. Typically, broilers are fed two or three times per

day, depending on their age and the feed formulation. The feed should be provided

in a clean feeder and should be consumed within a few hours to prevent spoilage.

Some broiler growers use a feed restriction program to control the growth

rate of their birds. This involves limiting the amount of feed the birds have access

to, which can help prevent leg problems and other health issues. However, feed

restriction should be done carefully and under the guidance of a veterinarian or

experienced poultry nutritionist to ensure that the birds are getting enough

nutrients for healthy growth.

Some of the standard practices are being adapted by Rayanton Farms

which includes the use of automatic feeders when the feeding the flocks. The

manual feeding are also utilized by the farm staffs. However, the schedules of feed

provisions varied as compared to the practices being dine by some of the farms.

Water Management

Proper water management is essential for broiler health and welfare. Clean,

adequate, and well-maintained water supply is necessary to ensure optimal growth

and performance in broilers. Some farms do regular water quality testing to ensure

that the water supply is safe and free from contaminants. They test the water

regularly for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and microbiological contamination.
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Usually, they ensure that there is enough water space for all birds to drink

at the same time. A general rule of thumb is to provide at least one nipple drinker

for every ten birds.

There are farms that are still using the traditional water provision system.

Rayanton Farms are doing the same standard procedure of testing the water

quality if it is safe for the consumption of the birds. The use of nipple drinkers are

also used by the farm.

Standard practices in water provision system still includes the use of the

simple waterer for farms that are still new to the industry. Rayanton Farms adapts

to new technologies that’s why the use of automatic waterlines are also considered.

Brooding Management

Most farms in broiler production does temperature control which is one of

the most critical aspects of brooding management. Chicks require a warm

environment to thrive, with temperatures typically set at 95°F for the first week and

then reduced by 5°F each week until reaching room temperature. The temperature

can be regulated by using heaters, lamps or other heat sources.

Chicks need to have access to light to ensure they can find food and water.

A 24-hour light cycle is recommended for the first few days, and then gradually

reduced to 16 hours a day by the end of the brooding period.

Ventilation and House Management

The ventilation rate should be based on the number and age of broilers,

house size and design, climate, and stocking density. As a general rule, the
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
ventilation rate should be 1 cubic foot per minute per broiler for birds up to 6 weeks

of age and 2 cubic feet per minute per broiler for older birds.

The exhaust fan capacity should be sufficient to remove excess moisture,

heat, and gases from the house. The fan capacity should be based on the

ventilation rate, house size, and the static pressure of the house.

There is also a control system that is essential to regulate the ventilation

rate and maintain the desired temperature and humidity levels in the house. This

can be achieved using a thermostat, humidity sensor, and fan controller.

Regular maintenance of the ventilation system is crucial to ensure optimal

performance and prevent breakdowns. This includes cleaning the inlets, fans, and

air ducts, and replacing worn-out parts.

The airflow pattern should ensure uniform distribution of fresh air throughout

the house, minimizing stagnant areas where gases can accumulate. This can be

achieved by using properly sized and positioned inlets and exhaust fans, and by

avoiding obstructions to airflow such as feeders and drinkers.

When it comes to ventilation systems, the standard practice of providing

good ventilation was also the same with what the farm has been using. The farm

uses ventilation systems like exhaust fans, coolers and temperature pads to

ensure the welfare of the flocks inside. However, when it comes to the sizes and

distance of the farm which is different depending on the number of flocks inside,

the use of blowers and exhaust are utilized to avoid too much humidity and

heatstroke to the birds.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Expanding Chicks During Brooding

Expanding chicks in broiler production requires careful management of

environmental factors such as temperature, space, and access to resources. By

gradually increasing the space and resources available to the birds as they grow,

and closely monitoring their health and well-being, it is possible to optimize the

growth and development of broiler chickens and achieve high levels of productivity

and profitability.

Most farms use the standard process of expansion wherein they involve the

process of providing a warm and comfortable environment for newly hatched

chicks. This includes maintaining a temperature of 32-35°C for the first week,

reducing it by 2-3°C per week until it reaches 21°C, and providing clean bedding

and sufficient water and feed.

Mortality Collection and Monitoring

To minimize mortality rates in poultry production, it is important to implement

effective disease management strategies, maintain proper nutrition and water

quality, provide appropriate housing and environmental conditions, and monitor the

flock for signs of illness or distress. It is also important to promptly address any

health issues that arise and to take steps to prevent the spread of disease within

the flock.

Scraping Manures for Biogas

Before starting the scrapping process, it is important to remove the birds

from the house to prevent injury or stress to them. The feeders and waterers from
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
the house are also removed to prevent damage during the scrapping process. The

house are then dry swept to remove any loose debris such as feathers, dust, and

feed. A broom or vacuum cleaner can be used for this process.

Manure should be scraped from the broiler house on a regular basis to

prevent the buildup of waste and maintain a healthy environment for the birds. The

frequency of scraping depends on the size of the flock, the type of litter used, and

the management practices of the operation.

Administration of Medication and Vitamins

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections in broiler

chickens. However, the overuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of

antibiotic-resistant bacteria, so their use should be carefully monitored and limited

to situations where they are necessary.

Some medications may also be used as growth promoters to enhance feed

efficiency and growth rates in broiler chickens. However, the use of growth

promoters is banned in some countries due to concerns about their impact on

human health.

It is important to note that the use of medication should be done judiciously

and with proper oversight to minimize the risk of developing antibiotic resistance,

which could have significant impacts on both animal and human health.
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Lessons Learned

Basic Competencies

The student intern has been trained in the field of broiler production which

typically involves raising and managing broiler chicken for commercial meat

purposes. Here are some basic competencies that the student learned during his

240 hours of internship:

1. Participate in workplace communication – the student intern was able to

understand that effective workplace communication is essential in broiler

farms to ensure that all aspects of the production process are managed

efficiently and effectively.

2. Work in a team environment – the student was able to understand that

working in a team environment is essential in broiler farms, as it takes a

collaborative effort to manage all aspects of the production process

effectively.

3. Practice career professionalism – the student intern was able to practice

career professionalism by exhibiting ethical behavior and adherence to

industry standards and regulations. This includes following animal welfare

guidelines, complying with environmental regulations, and maintaining high

standards of hygiene and sanitation.

4. Practice occupational health and safety procedures – the student intern was

able to make sure that the health and safety procedures are followed when
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
entering the pens and broiler houses as they may be sensitive to the outside

exposure to all the rest of the facilities inside the farm.

5. Use farm tools and equipment – through the help of the farm staffs, the

student intern was able to learn how to use farm tools and equipment such

as the feeding equipment, waterlines, scraper tools and feed conveyors.

Apply Safety Measures in Farm Operations

Broiler production involves several potential hazards that can pose risks to

the health and safety of workers and consumers. Here are some safety measures

that the student intern have learned and implemented in Rayanton Farms during

his internship:

1. Comfortable Protective Attire: Workers in broiler farms should wear

appropriate attire to protect themselves from hazards such as dust,

chemicals, and animal bites. This may include gloves, masks, safety

goggles, and protective clothing.

2. Hazardous materials management: Proper management of hazardous

materials such as cleaning agents, disinfectants, and pesticides is essential

to prevent accidents and protect the environment. These materials should

be stored and used according to manufacturer instructions and regulations.

3. Electrical safety: Electrical equipment in broiler farms should be regularly

inspected and maintained to prevent electrical hazards. Workers should be

trained to use electrical equipment safely and to report any hazards or

malfunctions.
 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
4. Animal handling: Proper animal handling techniques are important to

prevent injuries to workers and animals. This includes using proper lifting

techniques, minimizing stress to the animals, and following animal welfare

guidelines.

Core Competencies

These are the core competencies that the student intern was able to learn

in his internship which refers to the essential skills, knowledge, and abilities that

are necessary for successful broiler production. Here are some of the core

competencies in broiler production:

Animal Rearing - the ability to manage and care for broiler chickens is

essential in broiler production. This includes knowledge of broiler nutrition, health,

behavior, and welfare, as well as skills in handling, feeding, and monitoring broilers.

Production management -broiler production involves managing all aspects

of production, including planning, budgeting, scheduling, and resource

management. This requires skills in problem-solving, decision-making, and

prioritizing tasks to achieve production targets.

Quality control - broiler production involves ensuring the quality of the broiler

chickens and their products. This requires skills in monitoring, testing, and

evaluating the quality of the broilers and their products, as well as implementing

corrective actions to maintain quality standards.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Problems Met

During the internship program, the student intern have encountered the

following problems:

1. The concerns with regards to the supplies and materials of the house that

the student intern was assigned was not addressed properly or not on time.

2. The schedule of delivery of chicks in the farm was not consistent which

causes difference in way how they are fed.

3. The farm does not have enough facilities for the farm staffs and student

intern to learn more with regards to broiler raising.

4. The staffs inside the farm was not fully equipped with information and were

just depending on their experiences from previous works.

 Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Province of Rizal
Tanay Main Campus

College of Agriculture
Recommendations

Based on the findings of the student intern, the following recommendations

are drawn that will improve the system used inside the farm:

1. The farm should be more active in terms of responding to situations where

there is an urgent need of necessary actions.

2. The management should address the delays in delivery to be able to

maintain the quality of the flocks.

3. There should also be regular monitoring inside the farm to assess the

premises, take necessary actions to areas in concern such as facilities.

4. There should also be proper attire when entering the pens inside, this will

improve the biosecurity in the place.