UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SUBJECT : NMB 31303 Noise & Vibration
Tutorial 1 : Fundamental of Vibration
Vibration analysis procedure
Q1: A study of the response of a human body subjected to vibration/shock is important in many
applications. In a standing posture, the masses of head, upper torso, hips and legs and the
elasticity/damping of the neck, spinal column, abdomen and legs influence the response
characteristics. Develop a sequence of three improved approximations for modeling the human
body.
Q2. Figure below shows a human body and a restraint system at the time of an automobile
collision. Suggest a simple mathematical model by considering the elasticity, mass and damping
of the seat, human body and restraints for a vibration analysis of the system
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Q3. A reciprocating engine is mounted on a foundation as shown below. The unbalanced forces
and moments developed in the engine are transmitted to the frame and the foundation. An
elastic pad is placed between the engine and the foundation block to reduce the transmission of
vibration. Develop two mathematical models of the system using a gradual refinement of the
modeling process.
Spring Element
Q4. A machine of mass m = 500kg is mounted on a simply supported steel beam of length l = 2
m having a rectangular cross section (depth = 0.1m, width = 1.2m) and Young modulus E =
2.06 x 1011 N/𝑚2 . To reduce the vertical deflection of the beam, a spring of stiffness k is
attached at the mid span shown below. Determine the value of k needed to reduce the
deflection of the beam by :
a. 25 percent of its original value
b. 50 percent of its original value
c. 75 percent of its original value
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Assume that the mass of the beam is negligible
(Answer a)k = 37.08x 107 N/m, b)k = 12.36x 107 N/m, c) k = 37.08x 107 N/m)
Q5. The static equilibrium position of a massless rigid bar, hinged at point O and
connected with springs 𝑘1 and 𝑘2 is shown figure below. Assuming that the
displacement (x) resulting from the application of a force F at point A is small, find the
equivalent spring constant of the system 𝑘𝑒 that relates the applied force F to the
displacement x as F = 𝑘𝑒 x.
3
(Ans : 𝑘𝑒𝑒 = k)
4
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Q6. A manufacturer makes a cantilevered leaf spring from steel (E = 2.1 x 1011 N/𝑚2 )
and sizes the spring so that the device has a specific frequency. Later, to save weight,
the spring is made of aluminum (E = 7.1 x 1010 N/𝑚2 ). Assuming that the mass of the
spring is much smaller than that of the device the spring is attached to, determine if the
frequency increases or decreases and by how much.
(ans : frequency is decreased by about 40% by using aluminum)
Q7 Consider the spring system of Figure shown below. Let k1 = k5 = k2 =100 N/m, k3 = 50
N/m, and k4 = 1 N/m. What is the equivalent stiffness?
(Ans : 𝑘𝑒𝑒 = 300.98 n/m)
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Q8. Find the equivalent spring constant shown below
10
(Answer : 𝑘𝑒𝑒 = 9
𝑘)
Damping Element
Q9 . The experimental determination of damping force corresponding to several values
of the velocity of the damper yielded the following results :
Damping Force (Newtons) 80 150 250 350 500 600
Velocity of damper (meters/second) 0.025 0.045 0.075 0.110 0.155 0.185
Determine the damping constant of the damper
(Ans: c = 3,225.8 N-s/m)
Harmonic Motion
Q10. A harmonic motion has an amplitude of 0.20cm and a period of 0.15s. Determine
the maximum velocity and acceleration.
(answer: ẋ𝑚𝑚𝑚 =8.38 cm/s, ẍ𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 350.9 cm/s2)
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Q11. When the displacement of a machine is given by x(t) = 18 cos8t, where x is
measured in millimeters and t in seconds, find
(a) the period of the machine in sec, and
(b) the frequency of oscillation of the machine in rad/sec as well as in Hz.
(Answer : a)Period = 0.7854 s, b) 1.2732 Hz )
Q12. A machine is found to vibrate with simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 20 Hz
and an amplitude of acceleration of 0.5g. Determine the displacement and velocity of
the machine. (Use the value of g as 9.81 m/s2.)
(Answer : x(t) : 0.3106 sin 125.6640t mm, ẋ(t) = 0.03903 cost 125.6640t m/s, ẍ(t) = -
4.9047 sin 125.6640 t 𝑚/𝑠 2 )
