Semester One Examination, 2022

Question/Answer booklet
MATHEMATICS
APPLICATIONS
If required by your examination administrator, please
UNIT 3 place your student identification label in this box

Section Two:
Calculator-assumed
WA student number: In figures

In words

Time allowed for this section

Reading time before commencing work: ten minutes
Working time: one hundred minutes

Materials required/recommended for this section

To be provided by the supervisor
This Question/Answer booklet
Formula sheet (retained from Section One)

To be provided by the candidate

Standard items: pens (blue/black preferred), pencils (including coloured), sharpener,
correction fluid/tape, eraser, ruler, highlighters
Special items: drawing instruments, templates, notes on two unfolded sheets of A4 paper,
and up to three calculators, which can include scientific, graphic and
Computer Algebra System (CAS) calculators, are permitted in this ATAR
course examination

Important note to candidates

No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that
you do not have any unauthorised material. If you have any unauthorised material with you, hand
it to the supervisor before reading any further.
APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 2 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Structure of this paper

Number of Number of Working Percentage
Marks
Section questions questions to time of
available
available be answered (minutes) examination
Section One:
7 7 50 51 35
Calculator-free

Section Two:
12 12 100 98 65
Calculator-assumed

Total 100

Instructions to candidates

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1. The rules for the conduct of examinations are Markers use only
detailed in the school handbook. Sitting this
examination implies that you agree to abide by these Question Maximum Mark
rules.

2. Write your answers in this Question/Answer booklet 8 7

preferably using a blue/black pen.
Do not use erasable or gel pens. 9 8

3. You must be careful to confine your answers to the 10 7

specific question asked and to follow any
instructions that are specific to a particular question.
11 8
4. Show all your working clearly. Your working should
be in sufficient detail to allow your answers to be 12 13
checked readily and for marks to be awarded for
reasoning. Incorrect answers given without 13 7
supporting reasoning cannot be allocated any
marks. For any question or part question worth more 14 7
than two marks, valid working or justification is
required to receive full marks. If you repeat any
15 10
question, ensure that you cancel the answer you do
not wish to have marked.
16 6
5. It is recommended that you do not use pencil, except
in diagrams. 17 8

6. Supplementary pages for planning/continuing your 18 9

answers to questions are provided at the end of this
Question/Answer booklet. If you use these pages to
19 8
continue an answer, indicate at the original answer
where the answer is continued, i.e. give the page
number. S2 Total 98

S2 Wt
7. The Formula sheet is not to be handed in with your 65%
(×0.6633)
Question/Answer booklet.

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 3 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

Section Two: Calculator-assumed 65% (98 Marks)

This section has twelve questions. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces
provided.

Working time: 100 minutes.

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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 4 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 8 (7 marks)
(a) The monthly units of electricity 𝑢 consumed by each apartment in a building was strongly
associated with the average monthly maximum temperature, 𝑇 °C. The least-squares line
for the variables was 𝑢̂ = 88.5 + 2.7𝑇.

(i) Predict the units of electricity consumed by an apartment in a month when the
average monthly maximum temperature was 33°C. (1 mark)

(ii) In a month when the average monthly maximum temperature was 25°C, an
apartment consumed 153.4 units of electricity. Calculate the residual for this data

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point. (2 marks)

(b) In a government study, the correlation coefficient for the association between age and
superannuation balance for employed adults was found to be 0.755. What percentage of
the variation in superannuation balance for employed adults is unexplained by their
variation in age? (2 marks)

(c) After measuring the age and hearing acuity of a group of pensioners, a researcher
observed a negative linear association between the variables and found that 61% of the
variation in hearing acuity can be explained by the variation in age. Determine the
correlation coefficient for the association. (2 marks)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 5 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

Question 9 (8 marks)
A random sample of adults who were not working and not seeking work were recently asked for
the main reason that they were not looking for work. The responses, categorised by the sex of
the adult and their main reason, are summarised in the table below.

Reason Male Female

Education 143 116
Family considerations 33 117
Other 84 37

(a) How many adults gave a response? (1 mark)

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(b) What percentage of the females gave education as their main reason? (2 marks)

(c) Construct a table showing column percentages for the above data, rounding entries to the
nearest whole number. (3 marks)

(d) Discuss whether the data from the survey suggests the presence of an association
between the variables sex and reason. (2 marks)

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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 6 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 10 (7 marks)
The graph below represents a network of distribution centres. Each edge weight is the cost in
dollars to transport a parcel between adjacent centres (the vertices).

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(a) Determine the minimum cost to transport a parcel from 𝐴 to 𝐾 and state the path that
should be used to achieve this minimum. (3 marks)

(b) A new route is proposed between centres 𝐶 and 𝐹 which will reduce the minimum cost to
transport a parcel from 𝐴 to 𝐾 by $4. Determine the cost to transport a parcel between
centres 𝐶 and 𝐹. (2 marks)

(c) A parcel is transported along a route that is a cycle of 3 edges in the graph. Determine the
maximum possible transport cost and describe the corresponding cycle. (2 marks)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 7 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

Question 11 (8 marks)
The cooling system for a mobile cool room has just been turned on. The temperature 𝑇𝑛 °C inside
the cool room, 𝑛 hours later, is modelled by the linear recurrence relation

𝑇𝑛 = 0.74𝑇𝑛 + 0.65, 𝑇0 = 24.

(a) Complete the table of temperatures below. (2 marks)

𝑛 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝑇𝑛 (°C) 24.0 18.4

(b) Add a scale to the vertical axis below and then plot the temperature inside the cool room
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every hour. (3 marks)

(c) After how many hours does the model predict that the temperature inside the cool room
will first reach within 0.1° of its steady state? Justify your answer. (3 marks)

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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 8 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 12 (13 marks)

The table below shows the life expectancy, in years, of females and males in nine countries in
Oceania.

Country Female (𝑥) Male (𝑦)

Federated States of Micronesia 72 69
Kiribati 64 59
Marshall Islands 73 71
Nauru 65 57
New Caledonia 80 74
Palau 78 68
Papua New Guinea 68 63
Solomon Islands 74 67
Tuvalu 67 64

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(a) On the scatterplot below, plot the three missing data points from the table. (2 marks)

(b) Determine the coefficient of determination between the variables and interpret its value in
the context of the question. (2 marks)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 9 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

(c) State the correlation coefficient between the variables and use its value to comment on
the strength of the linear association between female and male life expectancy for these
countries. (2 marks)

(d) Determine the equation of the least-squares line to model the relationship between the
variables and draw this line on the scatterplot. (3 marks)
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(e) The life expectancy of a female from Fiji is 70. Predict, to the nearest year, the life
expectancy of a male from the same country and comment on any factors that affect the
validity of your prediction. (2 marks)

(f) The life expectancy of a female Australian is 86. Predict, to the nearest year, the life
expectancy of a male Australian and comment on any factors that affect the validity of
your prediction. (2 marks)

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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 10 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 13 (7 marks)
Anna had a bank account that paid no interest. At the start of the year her account balance was
$3450, and at the end of the first week and every week thereafter she withdrew $75.

(a) Calculate the balance of Anna's account after 4 weeks. (1 mark)

Let the balance in Anna's account at the end of the 𝑛th week be 𝐴𝑛 .

(b) Deduce a rule for 𝐴𝑛 and hence determine the balance of Anna's account after 12 weeks.

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(2 marks)

(c) For how many weeks was Anna able to withdraw $75? (1 mark)

In the same year, Anna's friend Ben had a similar account. The balance 𝐵𝑛 of his account at the
end of the 𝑛th week was given by the recurrence relation 𝐵𝑛+1 = 𝐵𝑛 − 60, 𝐵0 = 3030.

(d) Determine the balance of Ben's account after 12 weeks. (1 mark)

(e) At the end of one week during the year, the balance of Anna's account was identical to
that of Ben's. Determine which week this was and the balance of both accounts at that
time. (2 marks)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 11 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

Question 14 (7 marks)
A business bought a mainframe computer valued at $95 000. The value of the computer
depreciated by 35% each year.

(a) By how much did the value of the computer depreciate during the first year and what was
its value one year after it was bought? (2 marks)
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(b) Deduce a recursive rule for 𝑉𝑛, the value of the computer after 𝑛 years. (2 marks)

(c) Calculate the value of the computer after 4 years. (1 mark)

(d) During which year does the value of the computer first depreciate by less than $1000?
Justify your answer. (2 marks)

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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 12 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 15 (10 marks)

An industrial chemist varied the amount of accelerant (𝑎 grams) used when making an epoxy
resin and recorded the time taken (𝑡 seconds) for the resin to set. The results are shown below.

𝑎 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.0
𝑡 24.1 19.2 19.3 21.8 15.7 19.2 14.8 17.7 15.0 12.3

The chemist suspected that a linear association might exist between the variables and calculated
the correlation coefficient 𝑟𝑎𝑡 = −0.81.

(a) After seeing this value of the correlation coefficient, the chemist said to their assistant "it
looks like there is a strong and negative linear association between the variables". Explain

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this interpretation of the coefficient. (2 marks)

The chemist also noted that the least-squares line for the data was 𝑡̂ = 25.78 − 0.896𝑎 and used
it to calculate nine residuals for the linear model as shown below, rounded to one decimal place.

𝑎 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.0
Residual 2.3 −1.7 −1.7 −2.9 1.5 −2.0 2.2 0.9 −0.9

(b) Show how the residual of −2.9 was calculated and determine the residual associated with
7.0 grams of accelerant. (3 marks)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 13 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

(c) Construct a residual plot for the data on the axes below. (3 marks)
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(d) Does the residual plot support the chemist's suspicions that a linear model fits the data?
Explain your answer. (2 marks)

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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 14 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 16 (6 marks)
The mass of a small puppy was measured as 625 g when it was one week old. A week later its
mass had increased by 50 g.

(a) Assuming that the weekly mass of the puppy can be modelled by an arithmetic sequence,
predict the mass of the puppy when it is 8 weeks old. (2 marks)

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(b) Assuming that the weekly mass of the puppy can be modelled by a geometric sequence,
predict the mass of the puppy when it is 8 weeks old. (3 marks)

(c) Comment on the usefulness of these models as the puppy gets older. (1 mark)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 15 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

Question 17 (8 marks)
The annual number of mobile phone subscriptions and new cars sold in Western Australia, as
collated by a researcher, are shown in the table below.

Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Subscriptions (𝑠, in millions) 2.93 3.01 3.06 3.14 3.19 3.25 3.31
New cars (𝑐, in thousands) 109 111 112 114 116 117 119

The researcher wanted to identify whether new car sales in Western Australia could be predicted
from mobile phone subscriptions.

(a) Quantify the strength of the linear association between the variables 𝑠 and 𝑐. (1 mark)
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(b) Determine the equation of the least-squares line that can be used to predict 𝑐 from 𝑠.
(2 marks)

(c) Use the least-squares line to predict the number of new car sales in another Australian
state that had 3.09 million mobile phone subscriptions, and comment, with reasons, on the
validity of your prediction. (3 marks)

(d) Describe a possible non-causal explanation for the observed association between mobile
phone subscriptions and new cars sold. (2 marks)

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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 16 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 18 (9 marks)
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1
The adjacency matrix for the connected planar graph 𝐺 is 1 1 0 1 1.
0 0 1 0 1
[1 1 1 1 0]

(a) Determine, with justification, the number of faces that 𝐺 has. (3 marks)

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(b) Use elements from the adjacency matrix to explain why 𝐺 is a simple graph. (3 marks)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 17 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

(c) Ore's theorem states that a simple graph with 𝑛 vertices is Hamiltonian if, for every pair of
distinct vertices 𝑉𝑎 and 𝑉𝑏 which are not adjacent, the sum of the degrees of 𝑉𝑎 and 𝑉𝑏 is
greater than or equal to 𝑛. Use Ore's theorem to show that 𝐺 is Hamiltonian. (3 marks)
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APPLICATIONS UNIT 3 18 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED

Question 19 (8 marks)
Zoe plans to invest $75 000 in an account that pays interest of 0.55% per month. At the end of
each month, just after interest is added to the account, she will withdraw $250. The balance of
her account, 𝑎𝑛 , after 𝑛 withdrawals can be modelled by the recurrence relation

𝑎𝑛+1 = 1.0055𝑎𝑛 − 250, 𝑎0 = 75 000.

(a) Determine the balance of the account after 18 withdrawals have been made and describe
how the balance has changed since the account was opened. (2 marks)

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(b) Calculate the total withdrawn from the account after 18 withdrawals, and hence show that
the total interest paid into the account over this time is $7565.84. (2 marks)

(c) The balance of Zoe's account will first exceed $80 000 after the 𝑘 𝑡ℎ withdrawal. Determine
the value of 𝑘 and state the balance of the account at this time. (2 marks)

(d) If, after making the 18th withdrawal, Zoe then changed the amount she withdrew each
month to $430, how this would change the way the account balance grew in the future?
Justify your answer. (2 marks)

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 CALCULATOR-ASSUMED 19 APPLICATIONS UNIT 3

Supplementary page

Question number: _________

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