METALS AND NON -METALS

STD 7
Subject:- Chemistry
I.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN SHORT
1.State two physical properties on the basis of which metals
can be distinguished from non-metals.
An) Malleability – Metals are malleable .This means that metal
can be beaten into thin sheets, but non -metals are not malleable.
Ductility- Metals are ductile. This means that metals can be
drawn into thin wires, but non metals are not ductile.
2.Compare the properties of metals and non-metals with respect
to ; a) malleability b) ductility and c) conduction of heat and
electricity
METALS NON-
METALS
Malleability Malleable Non-
malleable
Ductility Ductile Non-ductile
conductivity Good Bad
conductors of conductors of
heat and heat and
electricity electricity

3 . Give reasons why:

a. Copper metal is used for making electric wires.
b. Graphite is used for making electrode in a cell.
 c. Immersion rods for heating liquids are made of
metallic substances
An) a. Copper is a metal and metals are good conductor of
heat and electricity . Being a good conductor of electricity
copper is used for making electric wires.
b. Graphite is a non -metal but as an exception it is a good
conductor of electricity. So it is used for making electrodes.
c. Immersion rods for heating liquids are made of
metallic substances because metals are good conductors of
heat and electricity. The immersion rod needs electric supply
to get heated and to heat liquids.
Q4. Define : Malleability, and ductility.
An) Malleability- The property of metals that metals can be
beaten into thin sheets .
Ductility- The property of metals that metals can be
drawn into thin wires .
5. There are two boxes, one made of metal and other made of
wood, both are similar in appearance. How will you find out
which box is made of metal?
An) The boxes can be hit hard and the box which produces
ringing sound (sonorous) is considered as the metal box.
6. Consider the following materials : copper, sulphur,
phosphorous , carbon(such as pencil lead) gold, silver. Which
of these materials are a. malleable and ductile and b. brittle?
An)a. Malleable and ductile – Gold and silver
 b. Brittle – Carbon, Sulphur and Phosphorous
7. Can you hold a hot metallic pan which is without a plastic
or a wooden handle ? give reason for your answer.
An) No. because metals are good conductors of heat and it
conducts heat from one end to the other end quickly.
8. The screw driver used by an electrician has a plastic or
wooden handle. Why?
An) The screw driver used by an electrician has a plastic or
wooden handle because plastic and wood are non metals and
they do not conduct electricity.
9.Element A is soft, brittle and does not conduct electricity,
Element B is hard ,malleable and ductile and also conducts
electricity. Which of the two elements A or B is a non-metal ?
An) Element A is a non-metal.
10.Why are metals used for making bells?
An) Metals are used for making bells because they are
sonorous, that means they produce ringing sound when we
strike them.
11. Name two metals which are used :
a. For making electric wires.
b. For making domestic utensils and factory equipment
c. For making jewelry and to decorate sweets.
An) a. Copper and Aluminium
b. Steel and iron
c. Gold and Silver
12. Which metal foil is used for packing some of the
medicine tablets?
An) Aluminium
13.What is meant by brittleness? Which type of elements
usually show brittleness: metals or non-metals?
An) The property due to which non-metals break on
hammering is called brittleness. Non-metals show
brittleness
14.Which property of Graphite is utilized in making
electrodes.
An) Conductivity. Graphite is a good conductor of
electricity.
15.What is meant by Galvanization? Why is it done?
An) The process of depositing a thin layer of zinc metal on
iron objects is called galvanization. Galvanization is done to
prevent rusting because zinc metal remains unaffected by
air and moisture.
16.Explain how, painting of an iron gate prevents it from
rusting?
An) When a coat of paint is applied to the surface of an iron
object, then air and moisture cannot come in contact with
iron object and hence no rusting takes place.
17)What is chrome-plating?
An) Chromium metal is resistant to the action of air and
moisture. So, when a layer of chromium is deposited on an
iron object, then the iron object is protected from rusting.
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN
DETAIL.
1)What is meant by rusting of iron? State two conditions
necessary for rusting of iron to occur. Explain the methods
of preventing rusting of iron.
An) When an iron object is left in damp air for a
considerable time, it gets covered with a flaky substance
called rust, that process is called rusting.
Conditions necessary for rusting to occur.
i)Presence of oxygen (of air) and
ii. Presence of water or water vapour (called moisture)
The methods of preventing rusting of iron are
i By painting;-When a coat of paint is applied to the surface
of an iron object, then air and moisture cannot come in
contact with the iron object and hence ,no rusting takes
place.
ii .By applying grease or oil :- When some grease or oil is
applied to the surface of an iron object , then air and
moisture cannot come in contact with it and hence, rusting
is prevented.
 iii. By galvanization:- The process of depositing a thin layer
of zinc metal on iron objects is called galvanization. It is
done by dipping an iron object in molten zinc metal.
iv. By chrome-plating :- Chromium metal is resistant to the
action of air and moisture. So, when a layer of chromium is
deposited on an iron object, then the iron object is protected
from rusting.
v. By alloying iron to make stainless steel. :- When iron is
mixed with carbon, chromium and nickel, then stainless steel is
obtained. Stainless steel does not rust at all.
2)Compare the properties of metal and non-metals in tabular
form.
METALS NON- METALS
Metals are good conductors Non-metals are poor
of heat and electricity conductors of heat and
electricity.
Metals are malleable and Non-metals are neither
ductile malleable nor ductile. They
are brittle
Metals are lustrous Non-metals are not lustrous
.They are dull
Metals are strong. They Non-metals are not strong.
have high tensile strength They have a low tensile
strength.
Metals are sonorous . Non-metals are not
sonorous.
Metals are generally hard. Solid non-metals are quite
soft.
3) State five uses of metals and five uses of non-metals
Metals -uses Non-metals -uses
Used to make nails, screws Oxygen (non metal) which
nut-bolts (iron) is used by plants and
animals for breathing
Used in making ornaments Coal is used as fuel
and coins(gold,silver)
Used in electroplating and Chlorine is used as a
making mirrors (copper, bleaching agent.
silver)
Used in making of utensils Sulphur is used in rubber
(copper,aluminium) industry
Used in making electric Hydrogen is used in
wires( copper, aluminium) manufacture of ammonia

4) a) What are metalloids? Name some metalloids.

An) Some elements which show some properties of metals
and the other properties of non-metals. The elements whose
properties are intermediate between those of metals and
non-metals are known as metalloids. Metalloids are: Silicon,
boron, germanium, arsenic, antimony tellurium and
polonium.
b) Classify the following elements into metals, non-metals
and metalloids
Copper, Sulphur, Aluminium, Oxygen, Silicon, Nitrogen,
Germanium, Mercury, Chlorine, Sodium.
An) Copper- Metal
Aluminium- Metal
Oxygen-Non-metal
Silicon- Non-metal
Nitrogen- Non- metal
Germanium- Metalloid
Mercury- Non metal
Chlorine- Non metal
Sodium- Metal

5) What are inert gases? Name them . Give some uses of

inert gases.
An) The elements helium, argon neon, radon krypton and
xenon are chemically inert (inactive) These gases are known
as inert gases.
Uses- Helium gas is used in welding and in hot air balloons.
Argon is used in filling bulbs and tube lights. Neon is used
in advertising sign boards. Xenon and krypton are used in
flash lamps for photography.
6.Write some uses of following metalloids
Germanium, silicon, antimony, arsenic
An) Germanium- used in transistors and in any electronic
applications. It is also used in solar cells. Germanium is
used in making wide angle camera lenses.
Silicon -used in making microchips for various devices like
transistors, rectifiers etc.
Antimony- Antimony is alloyed with lead which is used in
batteries. It is used in making glass,ceramics, paints and
plastics.
Arsenic- used as a doping agent in semiconductor devices.
Arsenic compounds can be used to make special glass and
preserve wood.

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