A Seminar report on

HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO AND HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

by

M.RISHITHA(196N1A0438)

M.SANDHYA(196N1A0437)

J.S.S.PRASANNA KUMAR(196N1A0424)

K.SANDEEP KUMAR(196N1A0425)

K.SATYA DIVYA(196N1A0428)

G.SATISH(196N1A0422)

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SRINIVASA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Cheyyeru,Amalapuram-533222

(Affiliated of JNTUK, kakinada & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

(AnISO9001:2015CertifiedInstitue)
 DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “HOME
AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO AND HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE”
submitted by M.RISHITHA(196N1A0438), M.SANDHYA(196N1A0437),
J.S.S.PRASANNA KUMAR(196N1A0424), K.SANDEEP KUMAR(196N1A0425),
K.SATYA DIVYA(196N1A0428), G.SATISH(196N1A0422) in Electronics and
Communication Engineering Department of srinivasa institute of engineering and
technology, cheyyuru, to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University(JNTU),kakinada,is a record of original work carried out by him under our
guidance and supervision.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Dr.A.LAKSHMI PRIYA,PhD
 ABSTRACT

The main objective of this project is to develop a home automation

system using an Arduino board with Bluetooth being remotely controlled by any
Android OS smart phone. As technology is advancing so houses are also getting smarter.
Modern houses are gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized control
system, involving remote controlled switches. Presently, conventional wall switches
located in different parts of the house makes it difficult for the user to go near them to
operate. Even more it becomes more difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped
people to do so. Remote controlled home automation system provides a most modern
solution with smart phones. In order to achieve this, a Bluetooth module is interfaced to
the Arduino board at the receiver end while on the transmitter end, a GUI application on
the cell phone sends ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads are connected.
By touching the specified location on the GUI,the loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely
through this technology. The loads are operated by Arduino board through optoisolators
and thyristors using triacs.

In this project, we will design a simple home automation project using

simple components using which different electrical appliances can switched ON or
OFF.The project is based on Arduino and we have used Arduino UNO for the project.
 INDEX
CHAPTER 1 Page no
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Introduction to project 1
1.2.Intoduction of Embedded systems 2
1.2.1.Embeded system Architecture 4
1.3.Introduction to mobile technology 8
1.3.1.Reseach objectives 9
CHAPTER 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION
2.1.Block Diagram 10
2.2.Description of circuit 11
2.3.Schematic Diagram 14
CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.1.Introduction 16
3.2.Components used and their description 17
3.2.1.Arduino UNO 17
3.2.2.8 Channel relay 19
3.2.3.HC-05 Bluetooth module 22
3.2.4.Power supply 24
3.2.5.Plug board 25
3.2.6.Smart phone(Bluetooth enabled) 26
3.2.7.Transformer 27
3.2.8.Load components 28
3.2.9.Connecting wires 31
3.3.Introduction to wireless communication 31
3.3.1.Bluetooth communication 31
3.3.2.Interfacing of arduino with HC05 bluetooth module 32
3.3.3.Interfacing arduino with relay 33
 CHAPTER 4 Page no
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1.Introduction 34
4.1.1.Features of arduino software(1.8.16v) 34
4.1.2.Advantages of software(1.8.16v) 35
4.1.3.Software execution stages(1.8.16v) 36
4.1.4.Program code 37
CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES
5.1.Advantages of home automation system 41
CHAPTER 6
APPLICATIONS
6.1.Applications of home automation system 43
CHAPTER 7
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
7.1.Result 44
7.2.Conclusion 45
7.3.Future scope of home automation system 46
7.4.Reference 47
LIST OF FIGURES:

FIG 1: A BASIC HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

FIG 2: STAR TOPOLOGY SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

FIG 3: CENTRAL CONTROL UNIT BLOCK LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

FIG 4: BLOCK LEVEL ARCHITECTURE OF ROOM CONTROL UNIT

FIG 5: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO AND

HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

FIG 6: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO

AND HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

FIG 7: POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT

FIG 8: ARDUINO UNO

FIG 9: AN 8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE

FIG 10: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF 8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE

FIG 11: HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

FIG 12: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY

FIG 13: PLUG BOARD

FIG 14: ARDUINO BASED HOME AUTOMATION USING BLUETOOTH

ANDROID SMARTPHONE

FIG 15: TRANSFORMER

FIG 16: LOAD COMPONENTS

FIG 17: INTERFACING OF ARDUINO WITH HC-05 BLUETOOTH

MODULE

FIG 18: INTERFACING ARDUINO WITH RELAY

FIG 19: RESULT OF HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO WITH HC-05

BUETOOTH MODULE
Home Automation Using Arduino And HC-05 Bluetooth Module

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1.INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT:
Nowadays, we have remote controls for our television sets and other electronic systems, which
have made our lives real easy. Have you ever wondered about home automation which would
give the facility of controlling tube lights, fans and other electrical appliances at home using a
remote control ? Off - course , Yes ! But , are the available options cost-effective? If the
answer is No,we have found a solution to it.We have come upwith a new system called Arduino
based home automation using Bluetooth. This system is super-cost effective and can give the
user, the ability to control any electronic device without even spending for a remote control.
This project helps the user to control all the electronic devices using his/her smartphone.Time is
a very valuable thing. Everybody wants to save time as much as they can. New technologies are
being introduced to save our time. To save people’s time we are introducing Home Automation
system using Bluetooth With the help of this system you can control your home appliances from
your mobile phone.You can turn on/off your home appliances within the range of Bluetooth.

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1.2.INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

A variety of smart home automation solutions are being developed nowadays,

but most of them lack the potential for seamless integration into an already functioning home
environment as well as security. To bridge the gap between consumer and expert while allowing
for integration into any existing home environment without physical alteration to the building, a
modular and flexible smart home automation solution with seamless integration potential is
required.

.
This research covers the following objectives:
Come up with a modular and secure Smart Home Solution with Mentor

..
Embedded Runtime for IoT.
Easy to Configure and install without experts.
Use freely available IoT communication software protocol.
Smart home automation systems (SHAS) are the residential extension of building
automation. It is automation of the complete home or household and may include control and
automation of lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), appliances, and security,
and multiple other systems found in the home environment. Interest in the field of smart home
automation has increased greatly in recent years due to advances in Machine to Machine (M2M)
communications networks and a much higher affordability and simplicity through the emergence
of smartphones and tablets.
A smart home automation system, by definition,is the integration of electrical
devices (including actuation of non - electrical devices such as blinds)and the monitoring and
control of the home environment through an intelligent system, or by a user either locally or
remotely over a communication medium, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi,and coordinated by a
computer. Within this connected environment, tasks can be made more intuitive and effective.
The home network handles all communication and a user is given access to the system
via a personal computer, smartphone, or tablet from either within the home or from a remote
location over the Internet.The integration of information technologies and the home environment
allows systems and appliances to function with convenience, energy efficiency , and safety
benefits.

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The overall smart home architecture therefore consists of the devices and appli-
ances within the home connected to the home network, the user and the industry service provid-
ers.

FIG 1 : A BASIC HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

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1.2.1.EMBEDDED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:

The architecture of a home automation system While there are several topologies to choose
from,for the sake of simplicity we focus in this article on a star topology-based home automation
system and its two types of control units, the CCU and multiple RCUs (Figure 2).

FIG 2:STAR TOPOLOGY SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Central Control Unit: The Central Control Unit is the hub and brain of a home automa-

.
tion system. Common features of a central control unit are:
Measuring the current environmental conditions using the various sensors and

.
control the lights and fans of rooms accordingly.
Receiving instructions from a remote user over GSM or Ethernet and controling an
appliance in a specific room as per the received

.instructions.
Controlling appliances based on time, such as automatically switching off a television at

.
a specific time.
Monitoring the current state of power and switch off appliances to protect them when a

.
power fault is detected.
Informing remote users when an intrusion is detected or when some fault is detected in
the system.

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This is the main unit responsible for monitoring the complete home automation system.
It interfaces with other system blocks to perform required tasks.The most common interfaces
on a CCU are shown in Figure 3.Some of these interfaces are optional and are used as per
the system and user requirements.

FIG 3:CENTRAL CONTROL UNIT BLOCK LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

Sensors: Sensors are the eyes of a home automation system. Basic home automation
sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, light sensors, and gas sensors. For
example, lights can be automatically switched on upon sunset, an air conditioner can
be switched off automatically when no movement is detected in the house for a half hour, or
an alarm can be raised when the system detects a LPG leakage event.

Analog Front End (AFE): Each sensor converts the change in a physical parameter such
as temperature or light intensity to a similar change in electrical parameters such as resistance
or capacitance.
Remote Connectivity:Depending on need and various design considerations, users may
need to be able to control the system and appliances remotely.

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Local Connectivity: The Central Control Unit and Room Control Units need to communicate
with each other periodically as well as when events occur. There are multiple options available
to establish communication between the CCU and RCUs that can be decided upon based
on system cost and topology, including Bluetooth,RF transceivers, and XBEEs,among others.
Each of these interfaces has its own pros and cons, hence system designers need to consider
all of a system’s requirements before selecting a particular interface.
Manual Control:In a typical home automation system, there are situations when the user
needs to manually control one or more appliances. Keypads and/or infrared remotes are most
commonly used to provide system control to users. Manual user control should be authorized
by the system to prevent control of the system by an intruder and the shutting down of
intrusion alerts.
Real Time Clock (RTC): Home automation systems must be able to control appliances
based on time. An accurate time source is required to control appliances using time-based
settings.
NFC Interface: Near Field Communication (NFC) is used for close proximity
communication. This technology is quickly gaining traction in embedded applications for
communications and information sharing. It can be used to at the main door to lock or
unlock the door using the homeowner’s NFC-enabled smartphone.
Power Monitor: In any house there are many electrical appliances that are sensitive to voltage
fluctuations and need a reliable supply voltage within a specific range to work as expected.

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Room Control Unit: A Room Control Unit controls the appliances in a particular room. It has
a set of sensors to sense the surrounding environment. Based on the current conditions, it

.
can decide upon a course of action. Common features of a room control unit are:
Monitor the current environmental conditions using the various sensors and communicate this

.
data to the CCU.
Receive instructions from the CCU and control appliances in the room as per the received

..
instructions.
Control appliances based on inputs from a hand-held remote.

Control appliances based on inputs from user buttons.

The room control unit (Figure 6 )is responsible for controlling the appliances installed
in a particularroom. This unit receives control commands from the central control unitand also
from user buttons that can directly control appliances.

FIG 4: BLOCK LEVEL ARCHITECTURE OF ROOM CONTROL UNIT

Buttons: These buttons are provided to directly control the appliances, enablingthe user to
directly switch on or off any appliance using aswitchboard. These buttons also serve as
an emergency control panel incase the CCU system fails.

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Infrared sensor & decoder: These blocks provide an interface for

commonly used, handheld infrared remotes.
Relay drivers: Therelays needs ~100mA of current to activate, so relay drivers must havethe
required drive strength to power the relays. These also protect thecontroller from the inductive
kick generated in the relays.

1.3.INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE TECHNOLOGY:

A smart home’s devices are connected with each other and can be accessed through
one central point -- a smartphone, tablet, laptop, or game console. Door locks, televisions,
thermostats, home monitors, cameras, lights, and even appliances such as the refrigerator
can be controlled through one home automation system. The system is installed on a mobile or
other networked device, and the user can create time schedules for certain changes to take
effect.

Smart home appliances come with self-learning skills so they can learn the
homeowner’s schedules and make adjustments as needed. Smart homes enabled with lighting
control allow homeowners to reduce electricity use and benefit from energy-related cost
savings. Some home automation systems alert the homeowner if any motion is detected
in the home when they're away, while others can call the authorities -- police or the fire
department -- in case of imminent situations.
Once connected, services such as a smart doorbell, smart security system, and smart
appliances are all part of the internet of things (IoT) technology, a network of physical
objects that can gather and share electronic information.

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1.3.1.RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

.
At a glance:
To design low cost intelligent embedded system based remote monitoring system using

..
mobile/cell phone.
To provide flexibility to use any cell phone model for remote monitoring.
To implement a simple embedded system as a proof of concept.
In depth:
1.Primarily looking at the existing states of research in remote monitoring major impetus
is only for development of system applications in indutria automation ,home automation, health
care systems and defense.
2.With explosive growth of cllular networks in india and sharp reduction in cost of
handsets and cll charges with coverage of > 70% of area,cellphones offer unique opportunity fir
remote control environmen rural area.
3.The research work presented in the thesis is aimed to reomotely monitor the system
using cell phones by designing and implementing embedded system.
4.It is aimed to provide facility to use even any absolute mobile model having simple
messaging and calling functions to make remote system affordable to all categories of users.

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CHAPTER 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION
2.1.Block Diagram:
The main block diagram of the project is shown in the following figure 5:

FIG 5:BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO

AND HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE
1.When the power is turned ON the connection of the bluetooth module starts blinking.we need
to start the “bluetooth controller”app in our smart phone and get connected to the bluetooth
module if the pairing is successfully the LED becones stable.
2.Now, in the app we ned to set different keys for different loads and their corresponding value
that must be transmitted when that key is pressed.The following image shows a set of keys to
control 8 loads and an additional key to turn off all the loads.
3.Then we are ready to control the loads with different key and through voice also.When a key is
pressed in the smartphones,the bluetooth module receives the corresponding data and intern
transmits that data to arduino.

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2.2.Description of circuit:
The main block diagram of Home automation using arduino and HC-05 bluetooth module
comparises of the following essential blocks
1. power supply
2.Arduino UNO
3.8 Channel relay
4.HC-05 Bluetooth module
5. Plug board
6.Smart phone
7.Transformer
8.Load components
9.Connecting wires
1.power supply:
Intelligently networked smart homes and smart offices often require control systems with many
low power nodes, actuators and sensors that are “always on”. RECOM’s low cost AC/DC
power supplies for home automation were specially designed to power smart building
infrastructure 24/7 with very low standby power consumption (as low as 35mW), extra-wide input
voltage range and full household (IEC/EN60335-1), CE (LVD+EMC+RoHS2) and industrial safety
certifications (IEC/EN/UL60950). They offer compact sizes for easy installation both on- or off-
board and deliver reliable, regulated, short-circuit and overload-protected local DC power with
reinforced isolation to run smart home automation applications.
2.Arduino UNO:
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards ('shields') or breadboards (for prototyping) and other circuits. The boards
feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models,
which are also used for loading programs. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the C
and C++ programming languages, using a standard API which is also known as the "Arduino
language".

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3.8 Channel Relay:

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or
multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any number
of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations thereof.The 8-channel LOW level trigger relay and it can be applied to Arduino and
Raspberry Pi. Relays are suitable for driving high power electronic devices such as lights, electric
fans and air condition. A relay can be used to control high voltages with a low voltage by
connecting it to an MCU.
4.HC-05 Bluetooth Module:
The HC-05 Bluetooth module which is a cheap, fast and very straight forward solution to
connect your microcontroller over the air with another bluetooth device by a serial connection.
HC-05 Bluetooth Module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module,designed
for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Its communication is via serial communication
which makes an easy way to interface with controller or PC. HC-05 Bluetooth module provides
switching mode between master and slave mode which means it able to use neither receiving nor
transmitting data. The HC-05 module can be operated within 4-6V of power supply.
5.Plug board:
A plugboard or control panel (the term used depends on the application area) is an array of jacks
or sockets (often called hubs) into which patch cords can be inserted to complete an electrical
circuit. Control panels are sometimes used to direct the operation of unit record equipment,
cipher machines, and early computers.
6.Smart phone:
A smart device is an electronic device, generally connected to other devices or networks via
different wireless protocols such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, NFC, Wi-Fi, LiFi, 5G, etc., that can operate
to some extent interactively and autonomously. Several notable types of smart devices are
smartphones, smart vehicles , smart thermostats, smart doorbells, smart locks, smart refrigerators,
phablets and tablets, smartwatches, smart bands, smart key chains and many others. The term can
also refer to a device that exhibits some properties of ubiquitous computing, including—although
not necessarily—artificial intelligence.

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7.Transformer:
A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to
another circuit, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces
a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying
electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be
transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two
circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any
coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil.
8.Load components:
1.Motor fan
2.Cooling fan
3.Buzzers--2
4.Light Emitting Diode--2
5.Bulb
6.Mobile Charger
9.Connecting wires:
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to another
because electricity needs a medium through which it can move. Most of the connecting wires
are made up of copper or aluminum.

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2.3.SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:
Figure 6 shows the schematic diagram of home automation using arduino and HC-05 bluetooth
module:

FIG 6:SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF HOME AUTOMATION USING

ARDUINO AND HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

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Figure 7 shows the power supply circuit.The 230 AC mains are stepped down by transformer XI
to deliver the secondary output of 9v,500ma.The transformer output is rectified by a full wave
bridge rectifier comprising divides through DH filtered by 3 capacitors C16 and then regulated by
IC78069(IC50.Capacitor C15 bypass the supplies present in th regulated 6v power supply.LEDs
acts as a power ON indicator and resistor R16 linis the current through LED.

FIG 7:POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT

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CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.1.INTRODUCTION:
Home automation is a method of controlling home appliances automatically for the
convenience of users. This technology makes life easier for the user, and saves energy by utilizing
devices according to strict requirements. Controls can be as basic as dimming lights with a remote
or as complex as setting up a network of items in the home that can be programmed using a main
controller or even via cell phone from anywhere in the world.

A home automation system can involve switching off electrical appliances like
air-conditioners or refrigerators when a desired temperature has been reached, then switching on
again when the temperature has crossed a certain value. A home automation system can also be
used to secure a house from burglars by sending alerts to the nearest police station and the
homeowner in case a trespasser is sensed.

Apart from algorithmic automation, devices can be controlled by the user to suit personal
requirements using direct buttons, cell phones, the internet, or infrared remotes. A network of
appliances and sensors can interact with each other and make decisions for operation.

This article provides a framework for designing a cost-effective and functional home
automation system, first discussing the general design considerations that should be evaluated
before starting, followed by a review of the trade-offs amongst various architectural approaches,
and then how to implement that design using system-on-chip technology.

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3.2.COMPONENTS USE AND THEIR DECRIPTION:

3.2.1.ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that
designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital
devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC-BY-SA license, while software is licensed
under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public
License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone.
Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized
distributors.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped
with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
boards ('shields') or breadboards (for prototyping) and other circuits. The boards feature serial com-
munications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used
for loading programs. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the C and C++ programming
languages, using a standard API which is also known as the "Arduino language".

The Arduino project began in 2005 as a tool for students at the Interaction Design Institute
Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices
that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices
intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion
detectors.

The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark the initial release of Arduino
Software. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based Arduino boards;it and version 1.0 of the
Arduino IDE were the reference versions of Arduino, which have now evolved to newer releases.The
ATmega328 on the board comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows uploading new code
to it without the use of an external hardware programmer.

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FIG 8:ARDUINO UNO

Technical specifications:
Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P[7]
Operating Voltage: 5 Volts
Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 can provide PWM output)
PWM Pins: 6 (Pin # 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11)[9]
UART: 1
I2C: 1
SPI: 1
Analog Input Pins: 6
DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM: 2 KB
EEPROM: 1 KB
Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Length: 68.6 mm
Width: 53.4 mm
Weight: 25 g
ICSP Header: Yes
Power Sources: DC Power Jack & USB Port

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3.2.2.8 CHANNEL RELAY:

This is a 8-channel LOW level trigger relay and it can be applied to Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
Relays are suitable for driving high power electronic devices such as lights, electric fans and air
condition. A relay can be used to control high voltages with a low voltage by connecting it to an
MCU.

An eight-channel relay module is an electronic device. In fact, these include eight 5V relays
along with switching and isolating components. It also contains eight terminal blocks, with each
block sharing two relays. At the same time, sensors and microcontrollers can connect to it with
minimal connections. Thus, allowing high voltage controllability via low voltage. Once the relay
coil energizes, the LED indicators illuminate, verifying that the relay functions. Furthermore, screw
terminals make it much easier to create connections with the mains’ wiring.

FIG 9: AN 8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE

A solid state relay (SSR) is just what it sounds like; an IC that acts like a mechanical relay.
They allow you to control high-voltage AC loads from lower voltage DC control circuitry. They
accomplish this by using infrared light as the ‘contact,’ a solid-state relay is really just an IR LED
and a phototriac sealed up into a little box. Solid state relays, have several advantages over me-
chanical relays. One such advantage is that they can be switched by a much lower voltage and at a
much lower current than most mechanical relays. Also, because there’s no moving contacts, solid
state relays can be switched much faster and for much longer periods without wearing out.

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PINS DESCRIPTION OF 8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE:

We included a table below to explain the eight-channel relay’s pins:

TABLE 1:PIN DESCRIPTION OF 8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

FIG 10:SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF 8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE

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8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE SPECIFICATIONS:

The table below lists the technical specifications of an eight-channel relay:

TABLE 2:8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE SPECIFICATIONS

8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE APPLICATIONS:

..
Overall, the eight-channel relay supports many applications. Including:
Load switching for high current

.. Backup battery
At-home automation
Switching mains loads
8 CHANNEL RELAY MODULE TROUBLE SHOOTING:
A relay may not function properly due to one of the following reasons:
1. Overcurrent can cause the contacts to stick in place. But, firmly shaking the module until the
contacts loosen could solve this issue.
2. Also, the jumper gets set in the wrong position.
3. In addition, overvoltage potentially damages the driver circuitry.
4. Incorrect input polarity
Overall, an eight-channel relay presents beneficial applications, especially for high-power
electronics. Not only that, but it also makes life a lot easier for homeowners. That’s because it
essentially acts as a central hub. In this case, you can easily control multiple loads simultaneously in
your home. Additionally, the general-purpose device allows you to connect it to an Arduino or
Raspberry pi board. For this reason, you won’t need to rely on a microcontroller for usability.

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3.2.3.HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE:

In this project, we will learn about HC-05 Bluetooth Module, how to interface this Bluetooth
Module with Arduino and how the HC-05 Bluetooth Module can be used for controlling the
Arduino Board over Wireless Communication (Bluetooth).

Bluetooth Communication is a 2.4GHz frequency based RF Communication with a range

of approximately 10 meters. It is one of the most popular and most frequently used low range
communication for data transfer, audio systems, handsfree, computer peripherals etc.Coming to
usage of Bluetooth Communication in DIY projects, HC-05 Bluetooth Module is the go to de-
vice. I have implemented several projects using HC-05 Bluetooth Module like Robotic Arm, Home
Automation, LED Matrix etc.This module is based on BC417 Single Chip Bluetooth IC that is
compliant with Bluetooth v2.0 standard and with support for both UART and USB interfaces.

Generally, the HC-05 Bluetooth Module, or the HC-05 Sub Module, to be precise, comes
with the BC417 IC along with a flash memory. Such Modules come as surface mount board and
several third-party manufacturers use these board to build a more complete system with necessary
pins and components.

The following image shows one such HC-05 Bluetooth Sub Module (the green board
mounted on the blue board) being used as a part of a complete Bluetooth Module.

FIG 11 : HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE

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An important point to remember is the HC-05 Bluetooth Module works on a logic level of 3.3V.
Hence, a 3.3V Regulator is used on the board.

NOTE: The button present on the board is used to configure the Bluetooth Module in AT
Command Mode. This part of the Module is not discussed in this project.

PIN DESCRIPTION:
EN: It is the enable pin. When this pin is floating or connected to 3.3V, the module is enabled. If
this pin is connected to GND, the module is disabled.
+5V: This is the supply pin for connecting +5V. As the Module has on-board 3.3V regulator, you
can provide +5V supply.
GND: It is the ground pin.
TX: It is the Transmitter pin of the UART Communication.
RX: It is the Receive Pin of UART.
STATE: This is a status indicator pin. This pin goes LOW when the module is not connected to
any device. When the module is paired with any device, this pin goes HIGH.

NOTE: The on-board LED is used to indicate the status of the connection. When the module is
not paired, the LED blinks or flashes repeatedly. Once the module is paired, the LED blinks at a
constant delay of 2 seconds.

DEFAULT SETTINGS OF HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE:

The following is a list of few of the default settings of the HC-05 Bluetooth Module.
Name: HC-05
Password: 1234 (or 0000)
Type: Slave
Mode: Data
Baud Rate: 9600 with 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit

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3.2.4.POWER SUPPLY:
The input to the circit is applied from regulated power supply.The AC input i.e..,230v
from the mains supply is step down by the transformer to 12v and is fed to a rectifier . The output
obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating DC voltage.So in order to get a pulse DC voltage,the
output voltage frm the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any AC components present even after
rectification.Now, this voltage is iven to a voltage regulator to obtain a pure constant DC voltage.

FIG 12:BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY

TRANSFORMER:
Transformers are most commonly used for increasing low AC voltages at high current (a step-up
transformer) or decreasing high AC voltages at low current (a step-down transformer) in electric
power applications, and for coupling the stages of signal-processing circuits. Transformers can
also be used for isolation, where the voltage in equals the voltage out, with separate coils not
electrically bonded to one another. Since the invention of the first constant-potential transformer
in 1885, transformers have become essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of
alternating current electric power.
RECTIFIER CIRCUIT:
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The reverse
operation is performed by the inverter.The process is known as rectification. since it
"straightens" the direction of current. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including
vacuum tube diodes, wet chemical cells, mercury-arc valves, stacks of copper and selenium
oxide plates, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based
semiconductor switches.

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FILTER CIRCUIT:
The filter is a device that allows passing the dc component of the load and blocks the ac
component of the rectifier output. Thus the output of the filter circuit will be a steady dc voltage.The
filter circuit can be constructed by the combination of components like capacitors, resistors, and
inductors. Inductor is used for its property that it allows only dc components to pass and blocks ac
signals. Capacitor is used so as to block the dc and allows ac to pass.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR CIRCUIT:
A voltage regulator is a circuit that creates and maintains a fixed output voltage, irrespective of
changes to the input voltage or load conditions. Voltage regulators (VRs) keep the voltages from a
power supply within a range that is compatible with the other electrical components. While voltage
regulators are most commonly used for DC/DC power conversion, some can perform AC/AC or
AC/DC power conversion as well. This article will focus on DC/DC voltage regulators.

3.2.5.PLUG BOARD:
A plugboard or control panel (the term used depends on the application area) is an array of jacks or
sockets (often called hubs) into which patch cords can be inserted to complete an electrical circuit.
Control panels are sometimes used to direct the operation of unit record equipment, cipher ma-
chines, and early computers.

FIG 13:PLUG BOARD

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Some power strips include a master switch to turn all devices on and off. This can be used with
simple devices, such as lights, but not with most computers, which must use shutdown commands
from the software. Computers may have open files, which may be damaged if the power is simply
turned off.Some power strips have individually switched outlets."Master/slave" strips can detect
one "master" device being turned off (such as the PC itself in a computer setup, or a TV in a home
theatre) and turn everything else on or off accordingly.

3.2.6.SMART PHONE(BLUETOOTH ENABLED):

Smartphones are the new craze and they have made life easier than ever. They are portable and
always in the pockets. This portability of smartphones have led the marketers and the designers to
develop services and solutions around the mobile domain. There are apps to shop online, do
banking, trade stocks and uncountable day to day tasks. Then how can home automation
systems remain isolated from the mobile technology!In this project, a home automation system is
designed which can be controlled by any smartphone. The automation system connects with the
smartphone through Bluetooth. The smart phone sends control signals to switch home appliances
ON or OFF by an android app through Bluetooth interface. The project is built on Arduino UNO
and is used to control LEDs and four home appliances connected to the Arduino through relays.
The Arduino board is interfaced to an HC-05 Bluetooth module to pair with the smart phone.

FIG 14: ARDUINO BASED HOME AUTOMATION USING BLUETOOTH

ANDROID SMARTPHONE

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3.2.7.TRANSFORMER:
Transformer, device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to
one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the
voltage. Transformers are employed for widely varying purposes; e.g., to reduce the voltage of
conventional power circuits to operate low-voltage devices, such as doorbells and toy electric
trains, and to raise the voltage from electric generators so that electric power can be transmitted
over long distances.
Transformers change voltage through electromagnetic induction; i.e., as the magnetic lines
of force (flux lines) build up and collapse with the changes in current passing through the primary
coil, current is induced in another coil, called the secondary. The secondary voltage is calculated
by multiplying the primary voltage by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary coil to the
number of turns in the primary coil, a quantity called the turns ratio.
Air-core transformers are designed to transfer radio-frequency currents—i.e., the currents
used for radio transmission; they consist of two or more coils wound around a solid insulating
substance or on an insulating coil form. Iron-core transformers serve analogous functions in the
audio-frequency range.
Impedance-matching transformers are used to match the impedance of a source and that of
its load, for most efficient transfer of energy. Isolation transformers are usually employed for
reasons of safety to isolate a piece of equipment from the source of power.

FIG 15:TRANSFORMER

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3.2.8.LOAD COMPONENTS:
The load components used in this home automation using arduino and HC-05 Bluetooth module
is
1.Motor fan -- 1
2.Cooling fan -- 1
3.Buzzers -- 2
4.Light emitting diodes -- 2
5.Bulb -- 1
6.Mobile charger -- 1

1.MOTOR FAN:
A fan is a powered machine used to create a flow of air. A fan consists of a rotating arrangement
of vanes or blades, which act on the air. The rotating assembly of blades and hub is known as an
impeller, rotor, or runner. Usually, it is contained within some form of housing, or case.[1] This
may direct the airflow, or increase safety by preventing objects from contacting the fan blades.
Most fans are powered by electric motors, but other sources of power may be used, including
hydraulic motors, handcranks, and internal combustion engines.
2.COOLING FAN:
A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling.
Fans are used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside and
move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component. Both axial and sometimes centrifugal
(blower/squirrel-cage) fans are used in computers. Computer fans commonly come in standard
sizes, such as 120 mm (most common), 140 mm, 240 mm, and even 360 mm. Computer fans are
powered and controlled using 3-pin or 4-pin fan connectors.
While in earlier personal computers it was possible to cool most components using natu-
ral convection (passive cooling), many modern components require more effective active cooling.
To cool these components, fans are used to move heated air away from the components and draw
cooler air over them. Fans attached to components are usually used in combination with a heat
sink to increase the area of heated surface in contact with the air, thereby improving the efficiency
of cooling. Fan control is not always an automatic process. A computer's BIOS can control the
speed of the built-in fan system for the computer. A user can even supplement this function with
additional cooling components or connect a manual fan controller with knobs that set fans to
different speeds.

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3.BUZZERS:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
The electric buzzer was invented in 1831 by Joseph Henry. They were mainly used in
early doorbells until they were phased out in the early 1930s in favor of musical chimes, which had
a softer tone.
Piezoelectric buzzers, or piezo buzzers, as they are sometimes called, were invented by
Japanese manufacturers and fitted into a wide array of products during the 1970s to 1980s. This
advancement mainly came about because of cooperative efforts by Japanese manufacturing
companies. In 1951, they established the Barium Titanate Application Research Committee, which
allowed the companies to be "competitively cooperative" and bring about several piezoelectric
innovations and inventions.
4.LIGHT EMITING DIODES:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when
current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing
energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons)
is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor.White
light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the
semiconductor device.
5.BULB:
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric
light with a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a
vacuum or inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation. Current is supplied to the filament by
terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and electrical
connections.
Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a wide range of sizes, light output, and voltage
ratings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. They require no external regulating equipment, have low
manufacturing costs, and work equally well on either alternating current or direct current. As a
result, the incandescent bulb became widely used in household and commercial lighting, for
portable lighting such as table lamps, car headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and
advertising lighting.

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6.MOBILE CHARGER:
A mobile battery charger circuit is a device that can automatically recharge a mobile phone’s
battery when the power in it gets low. Nowadays mobile phones have become an integral part of
everyone’s life and hence require frequent charging of battery owing to longer duration usage.

MOTOR FAN COOLING FAN

BUZZERS LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

BULBS MOBILE CHARGER

FIG 16: LOAD COMPONENTS

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3.2.9.CONNECTING WIRES:
Homes typically have several kinds of home wiring, including electrical wiring for
lighting and power distribution, permanently installed and portable appliances, telephone,heating
or ventilation system control, and increasingly for home theatre and computer networks.
Safety regulations for wiring installation vary widely around the world, with national,
regional, and municipal rules sometimes in effect. Some places allow the homeowner to install
some or all of the wiring in a home; other jurisdictions require electrical wiring to be installed by
licensed electricians only.
Automation Wire serves as the basic wire for connecting automatable buildings and
sensors to create automated systems. The wire itself is instantly updated all connected endpoints to
be Green the moment any single output the wire is connected to is Green and will only remain in
Red if all outputs are in Red.
This wire exists on the "Automation" layer, meaning it can cross through almost any
other object (like Tiles); in order to cross over itself, it will need to utilize an Automation Wire
Bridge, much like standard Wire.

3.3. INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:

A wireless network allows devices to remain linked to the network yet to roam without
any cables unattached. Wi-Fi signals are amplified by access points, meaning a computer can be far
from a router but still be linked to the network. You connect to that organization’s wireless
network when you connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot at a cafe or another public location.
The only difference between wireless and wired network is that wired network uses cables
to link devices to the Internet or another network, such as laptops or desktop computers. As
opposed to a wireless network, a wired network has several drawbacks. The main downside is that
a router is tied to your computer. The most popular wired networks use cables attached to an
Ethernet port on the network router and the other end to a computer or other system.

3.3.1.BLUETOOTH COMMUNICATION:
Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless communications technology to replace the
cables connecting electronic devices, allowing a person to have a phone conversation via a headset,
use a wireless mouse and synchronize information from a mobile phone to a PC, all using the same
core system.

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3.3.2.INTERFACING OF ARDUINO WITH HC-05 BLUETOOTH MODULE:

HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which can communicate in two way. Which means, It
is full-duplex. We can use it with most micro controllers. Because it operates Serial Port Proto-
col (SSP). The module communicate with the help of USART (Universal Synchronous/Asyn-
chronous Receiver/Transmitter ) at the baud rate of 9600. and it also support other baud rate.
So we can interface this module with any microcontroller which supports USART. The HC-05
can operate in two modes. One is Data mode and other is AT command mode. When the enable
pin is "LOW" the HC-05 is in Data Mode. If that pin set as "HIGH" the module is in AT com-
mand mode. Here we operate this module in Data Mode.

..
Technical Specifications:
Operating Voltage: 4V to 6V (Typically +5V)

.. Operating Current: 30mA

Range: <100m

. Works with Serial communication (USART) and TTL compatible

Can be easily interfaced with Laptop or Mobile phones with Bluetooth

FIG 17: INTERFACING OF ARDUINO WITH HC-05 BLUETOOTH

MODULE

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3.3.3. INTERFACING ARDUINO WITH RELAY:

Relay module for Arduino is one of the most powerful application for Arduino as it can be
used to control both A.C and D.C devices by simply controlling the relay by giving 5V. A relay is
basically a switch which is operated electrically by electromagnet. A relay can be used to control
high voltage electronic devices such as motors and as well as low voltage electronic devices such
as a light bulb or a fan.
Relays works on the principle of electromagnetism. When the electricity is provided to the
relay coil then it acts like a magnet and changes the state of the switch. The part which powers the
relay module is completely isolated from the part which turns ON or OFF. This is why we can
control a 220V appliance by simply controlling it using the 5V Arduino. you should also read
getting started projects of arduino.
Sometimes you want your Arduino to control AC powered devices like lamps, fans or other
household devices. But because the Arduino operates at 5 volts, it cannot directly control these
higher voltage devices.
That’s where the relay module comes in. You can use a relay module to control the AC
mains and Arduino to control the relay.

FIG 18: INTERFACING ARDUINO WITH RELAY

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CHAPTER 4
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1. INTRODUCTION:
The software coding required performing the control operations of arduino.Arduino
consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often reffered to as a micro controller)and
a piece of software or IDE(Integrated development environment)that runs on your computer.Used
to write and upload computer code to the physical board.Arduino IDE is open source software.

4.1.1. FEATURES OF ARDUINO SOFTWARE(1.8.16V):

The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the
board. This software can be used with any Arduino board.

Active development of the Arduino software is hosted by GitHub. See the instructions for
building the code. Latest release source code archives are available here. The archives are
PGP-signed so they can be verified using this gpg key.

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on
the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino
Software (IDE), based on Processing.

Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday
objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists,
artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their
contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great
help to novices and experts alike.

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4.1.2. ADVANTAGES OF SOFTWARE(1.8.16):

1. Inexpensive:Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller
platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be assembled by hand, and
even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50

2. Open source in hardware:The plans of the Arduino boards are published under a Creative
Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make their own version of the module,
extending it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced users can build the breadboard
version of the module in order to understand how it works and save money.

3. Don’t need to external programmer (Burner):If you have an external programmer

(e.g. an AVR-ISP, STK500, or parallel programmer), you can burn sketches to the Arduino
board without using the bootloader. This allows you to use the full program space (flash) of the
chip on the Arduino board.

4. Programming ease: The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible
enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For teachers, it's conveniently based on
the Processing programming environment, so students learning to program in that environment
will be familiar with how the Arduino IDE works.

5. Open source in software:The Arduino software is published as open source tools, avail-
able for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be expanded through C++
libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino
to the AVR C programming language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code
directly into your Arduino programs if you want to.

6. IDE Software operate on any operating system:An IDE normally consists of a source
code editor, build automation tools, and a debugger. Most modern IDEs have intelligent code
completion. Some IDEs contain a compiler, interpreter, or both.

.
DISADVANTAGES OF ARDUINO SOFTWARE(1.8.16):
Processing power is weaker than the micro controller.

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4.1.3. SOFTWARE EXECUTION STAGES(1.8.16V):

STEP 1: Arduino micro contrller come ina variety of types.The most common is the arduino
UNO,but there are specialized variations.Before you begin buiding do a little research to figure out
which version will be the most appropriate for your project.

STEP 2:To begin you’ll need to install the arduino programmer and the integrated development
environment(IDE).

STEP 3:Connect your arduino to the USB port of your computer.This may requires a specific
USB Cable.Every arduino has a different virtual serial-port address.So you’ll need to configure the
port if you’re using different arduino’s.

STEP 4: Set the board type and the serial port in the arduino programmer.

STEP 5:Test the micro controller by using one of the preloaded programs called sketchers,in the
arduino programmer.Open one of the example sketches and press the upload button to load it.The
arduino should begin responding to the program if you’ve set it to blink an LED light ,for example
the light should start blinking.

STEP 6:To upload new code to the arduino,either you’ll need to have access to code you can
paste into the programmer or you’ll have to write it yourself,using the arduino prgramming lan-
guage to create your own sketch.An arduino sketch usually has five parts:a header describng thee
sketch and its author;a section defining variables;a setup routine that sets the initial conditions of
variables and run preliminary code;a loop routine which is where you add the main code that will
execute repeatedly until you stop running the sketch;and a section where you can list other func-
tions that activate during the setup and loop routines.All sketches must include the setup and loop
routines.As in this project while loop,if else and some variation c++ extension related reated to
arduino were involved mainly.

STEP 7:Once you’ve uploaded the new sketch to your arduino,disconnect it from your computer
and integrate it into your project as directed.

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4.1.4. PROGRAM CODE:

String inputs;
int Switch1=4;
int Switch2=5;
int Switch3=6,
int Switch4=7;
int Switch5=8;
int Switch6=9;
int Switch7=10;
int Switch8=11;
int Charger=12;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(Switch1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Switch2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Switch3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Switch4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Switch5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Switch6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Switch7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Switch8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Charger, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(Switch1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Switch2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Switch3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Switch4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Switch5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Switch6, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Switch7, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Switch8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Charger, HIGH);

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}
void loop()
{
while(Serial.available())
{
char c = Serial.read();
if (c == '#'){
break;
}
inputs += c;
}
if (inputs.length() >0)
{
Serial.println(inputs);

if(inputs == "A")
{
digitalWrite(Switch1, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "a")
{
digitalWrite(Switch1, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == "C")
{
digitalWrite(Switch2, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "c")
{
digitalWrite(Switch2, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == "B")

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{
digitalWrite(Switch3, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "b")
{
digitalWrite(Switch3, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == D")
{
digitalWrite(Switch4, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "d")
{
digitalWrite(Switch4, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == "E")
{
digitalWrite(Switch5, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "e")
{
digitalWrite(Switch5, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == "F")
{
digitalWrite(Switch6, "HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "f")
{
digitalWrite(Switch6, LOW);
}

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else if(inputs == "G")

{
digitalWrite(Switch7, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "g")
{
digitalWrite(Switch7, LOW);
}
else if(inputs == "H")
{
digitalWrite(Switch8, HIGH);
}
else if(inputs == "h")
{
digitalWrite(Switch8, LOW);
}
}
inputs="";
}

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CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES
5.1.ADVANTAGES OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM:
1. Managing all of your home devices from one place: The convenience factor here is
enormous. Being able to keep all of the technology in your home connected through one interface
is a massive step forward for technology and home management. Theoretically, all you’ll have to
do is learn how to use one app on your smartphone and tablet, and you’ll be able to tap into
countless functions and devices throughout your home. This cuts way back on the learning curve
for new users, makes it easier to access the functionality you truly want for your home.

2. Flexibility for new devices and appliances:Smart home systems tend to be wonderfully
flexible when it comes to the accommodation of new devices and appliances and other technology.
No matter how state-of-the-art your appliances seem today, there will be newer, more impressive
models developed as time goes on. Beyond that, you’ll probably add to your suite of devices as
you replace the older ones or discover new technology to accompany your indoor and outdoor
spaces. Being able to integrate these newcomers seamlessly will make your job as a homeowner
much easier, and allow you to keep upgrading to the latest lifestyle technology.

3. Maximizing home security:When you incorporate security and surveillance features in your
smart home network, your home security can skyrocket. There are tons of options here -- only a
few dozen of which are currently being explored. For example, home automation systems can
connect motion detectors, surveillance cameras, automated door locks, and other tangible security
measures throughout your home so you can activate them from one mobile device before heading
to bed. You can also choose to receive security alerts on your various devices depending on the
time of day an alert goes off, and monitor activities in real-time whether you’re in the house or
halfway around the globe.

4. Remote control of home functions: Don’t underestimate the power of being able to control
your home’s functions from a distance. On an exceptionally hot day, you can order your house to
become cooler in just enough time before you get home from work. If you’re in a hurry to get
dinner started but you’re still at the store, you can have your oven start to preheat while you’re still
on your way home. You can even check to see if you left the lights on, who is at your front door,
or make sure you turned off all your media while you’re away.
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5. Increased energy efficiency: Depending on how you use your smart-home technology, it’s
possible to make your space more energy-efficient. For example, you can have more precise control
over the heating and cooling of your home with a programmable smart thermostat that learns your
schedule and temperature preferences, and then suggests the best energy efficient settings through-
out the day. Lights and motorized shades can be programed to switch to an evening mode as the sun
sets, or lights can turn on and off automatically when you enter or leave the room, so you never have
to worry about wasting energy.

6. Improved appliance functionality:Smart homes can also help you run your appliances bet-
ter. A smart TV will help you find better apps and channels to locate your favorite programming. A
smart oven will assist you with cooking your chicken to perfection -- without ever worrying about
overcooking or undercooking it. An intelligently designed home theater and audio system can make
managing your movie and music collection effortless when entertaining guests. Ultimately, connect-
ing your appliances and other systems with automation technology will improve your appliance
effectiveness and overall make your home life much more easier and enjoyable!

7. Home management insights:There’s also something to be said for your ability to tap into
insights on how your home operates. You can monitor how often you watch TV (and what you
watch), what kind of meals you cook in your oven, the type of foods you keep in your refrigerator,
and your energy consumption habits over time. From these insights, you may be able to analyze
your daily habits and behaviors, and make adjustments to live the lifestyle you desire.

. DISADVANTAGES OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM:

1.Cost of intelligence.
2.Technology learning curve.
3.Video survelliance.

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CHAPTER 6
APPLICATIONS

.
6.1.APPLICATIONS OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM:
OFFICE AUTOMATION:
Office automation refers to the varied computer machinery and software used to
digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing
basic tasks. Raw data storage, electronic transfer, and the management of electronic business
information comprise the basic activities of an office automation system.Office automation helps in
optimizing or automating existing office procedures.
Advantages are:
1.Office automation can get many tasks accomplished faster.
2.It eliminates the need for a large staff.
3.Less storage is required to store data.

.
4.Multiple people can update data simultaneously in the event of changes in schedule.
HOME AUTOMATION:
Home automation or domotics is building automation for a home, called a smart home or
smart house. A home automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as
lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as
access control and alarm systems. When connected with the Internet, home devices are an important

.
constituent of the Internet of Things ("IoT").
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION:
In today’s factories and shop floors, industrial automation is everywhere and it is difficult
to imagine a production line without automation. Industrial automation uses control systems and
equipment, such as computer software and robots, to perform tasks that were historically done
manually. These systems operate industrial equipment automatically, significantly reducing the level
of operator involvement and oversight required. Automation systems typically consist of feedback
loops and sensory programs that automatically adjust operating conditions to meet the desired
values based on real-time data. The technologies used in industrial automation have
advancedsignificantly in recent years due to digitalization of manufacturing, especially with the
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) – opening up more and more opportunities for companies to
take advantage of automation solutions.

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CHAPTER 7
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
7.1 RESULT:
In today’s world there is a continuous need for automation appliances with the increase in
standing of living .There is a sense of urgency for developing the circuits that would ease the
complexity of life.

FIG 19: RESULT OF HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO WITH

HC-05 BUETOOTH MODULE

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7.2.CONCLUSION:
Home automation is undesirably a resource which can mke a home environment
automated people can control their electrical devices via those home automation devices and set up
the controlling actions in the computer use think this product have high potential for
marketing in the fitue.The system has been programmed to have bluetooth communication
capability which is simple to understand and easy to control there is no need of any instruction
manual.This adds a production from unauthorized users.

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.
7.3.FUTURE SCOPE OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM:
This program can be further developed into IOT program using ethrnet arduino and a wifi

.
module.
It can be controlled from anyway around the globe having feedback from the devices to further

..
improve the enemy savings.
Memory can be used to store the appliance ststus during power future

.Furthr enhancement to high voltage AC applications by changing the rating of the relay.
By this we can control and monitoring the high speed induction motor as well as synchronous

.
motors.
In future we can add video facility to our circuit.

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7.4.REFERENCE:
1.Wikipedia
2. Wireless Sensor Networks: Concepts, Applications, Experimentation and Analysis.
2016.p. 108. ISBN 9811004129. The use of standardized, with open standards over proprietary
protocols provides the industry with the freedom to choose between suppliers with guaranteed
interoperability. Standardized solutions usually have a much longer lifespan than proprietary
solutions.
3.Jump up^ "Research and Markets: Global Home Automation and Control Market
2014-2020 -Lighting Control, Security & Access Control, HVAC Control Analysis of the $5.77
Billion Industry". Reuters. 2015-01-19. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05.
4. Home Automation & Wiring (1 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics.
1999-03-31. ISBN 9780070246744.
5.www.atmel.com
6.www.arduino.org
7.www.beyondlogic.org
8.www.elementzonline.com
9.www.elementztechblog.wordpress.com

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