Biology - Canizales - 1(A) … Quizzes Lab: Albinism
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Lab: Albinism
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Due Mar 8 at 3pm Points 30 Ques!ons 17
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HS.L3U1.25:
Calendar Grades 11
I can evaluate how mistakes during DNA replica!on can cause muta!ons.
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I can explain the impacts of DNA muta!ons such as gene!c varia!on, adapta!ons, and gene!c
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Direc!ons: In this ac!vity, you will learn about transcrip!on and transla!on, the process
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that makes proteins! As you work through this assignment, you will also explore the
different muta!ons that can occur that result in albinism.
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LATEST A#empt 1 67 minutes 17.73 out of 30 *
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Ques!on 1 1 / 1 pts
Transcrip!on is the process by which DNA is "read" by
messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA obtains the message from DNA
for making proteins and carries the message to the ribosomes to
make proteins. In transcrip!on, mRNA copies the message in its
own unique language.
Normally when DNA is copied by DNA, the base adenine (A)
pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G); A-T
and C-G.
In RNA, there is no thymine, instead there is uracil (U)! In RNA,
the base pairs are as follows A-U and C-G.
When DNA is transcribed, A in DNA will transcribe into U in
RNA, but T in DNA will transcribe to A in RNA. C and G will
transcribe with each other.
See the example below: (keep this handy!)
DNA A T C G
mRNA U A G C
Check for understanding!
Transcribe the following: (do not include spaces!! Not case
sensi!ve)
DNA CAT
mRNA ???
GUA
Ques!on 2 1 / 1 pts
A"er the DNA has been transcribed (the message read and
copied) by mRNA, the message is then carried to the ribosomes
to be translated. Transla!on is the process by which proteins are
made following the message that was obtained by mRNA.
(Remember that the mRNA acts as a messenger for the DNA?) In
transla!on, ribosomes obtain the message from mRNA and
literally "translate" the message. If mRNA says "UAU", then that
message translates to the amino acid "tyrosine (tyr)".
The mRNA base pairs are read in codons, by groups of 3. If
mRNA has "UAUCGG", then the codons are read as "UAU-CGG".
This mRNA will result in the amino acids "tyr-arg". Amino acid
"tyr" for codon "uau" and "arg" for codon "cgg".
Many amino acids will eventually be put together to make a
protein that will result in your phenotype (physical appearance)!
Since we are not tRNA, we will use an amino acid diagram (see
below) to help us translate the mRNA.
DNA TAT ACG
AUA
mRNA (first base
pair is "A", UGC
(transcrip!on)
second is "U",
third is "A")
amino acid
ile cys
(transla!on)
Check for understanding!
Translate the following
DNA CAT
mRNA GUA
amino acid ???
val
Ques!on 3 1 / 1 pts
Muta!ons occur frequently during the replica!on or
transcrip!on of DNA. Some muta!ons can lead to different
proteins to be created because the "message" has been messed
up, coding for another amino acid. Such muta!ons that can mess
up a message are inser!ons and dele!ons. These type of
muta!ons create a shi" in the reading frame (frameshi"
muta!on), thus the original codon will be shi!ed crea!ng a
different codon, thus a new message.
mRNA codons amino acids
original mRNA AUA-UGC-CCA ile-cys-pro
AUA-AUG-
inser!on CCC-A (inserted ile-met-pro
A)
AUA-GCC-CA
dele!on ile-ala
(deleted U)
Check for understanding!
What kind of frameshi" muta!on occurred below?
original UUUAGCUAU
muta!on UUAGCUAU
dele!on
nice! the 3rd "U" was deleted
inser!on
Ques!on 4 1 / 1 pts
Another type of muta!on that can occur is a subs!tu!on. Some
subs!tu!ons will result in a different amino acid, and some
subs!tu!ons will remain coding for the same amino acid as the
regular. If the subs!tu!on does not change the amino acid, then
the muta!on is considered "silent".
mRNA amino
sequence acids
ile-
original AUAUGCCCA cys- original
pro
different
met-
muta!on codon,
AUGUGCCCA cys-
1 different
pro
amino acid
silent
muta!on/no
ile- change in
muta!on
AUUUGCCCA cys- amino
2
pro acid/same
amino acids
as original
Check for understanding!
Which muta!on has a more drama!c effect on a protein?
inser!on/dele!ons because they shi" reading frames, rearranging whole
codons
subs!tu!ons because they affect a small point of a codon
Ques!on 5 2 / 2 pts
Individual 1 has a muta!on in the TYR (OCA1) gene.
The following original DNA strand is for gene TYR (OCA1):
TACGAGGACCGACAAAACATGACGGACGACACCTCAAAGGTCTGGAGGCGACC
Transcribe and translate the following original DNA. The first
codon has been done for you.
original
TAC GAG GAC
DNA
CUC CUG
mRNA AUG
amino leu leu
met
acids
**no spaces!! spelling counts! le#ers only!! For amino acids, you
can write the 3 le#er word (i.e. "met" for methionine) or the
en!re word (i.e. "methionine")
Answer 1:
cuc
Answer 2:
cug
Answer 3:
leu
Answer 4:
leu
Incorrect Ques!on 6 0 / 3 pts
The following is for gene TYR (OCA1):
original DNA: ACGGACGACACC
mutated DNA: ACGACGACACC
Transcribe and translate the mutated DNA.
mutated ACG ACG CAC
mRNA
amino thr thr his
acid
**no spaces!! spelling counts! le#ers only!! For amino acids, you
can write the 3 le#er word (i.e. "val" for valine) or the en!re
word (i.e. "valine")
Answer 1:
ACG
Answer 2:
ACG
Answer 3:
CAC
Answer 4:
thr
Answer 5:
thr
Answer 6:
his
Ques!on 7 1 / 1 pts
What kind of muta!on occurred in individual 1's OCA1? Select 2
answers
original DNA: ACGGACGACACC
mutated DNA: ACGACGACACC
inser!on
dele!on
silent
frameshi"
subs!tu!on
Ques!on 8 1 / 1 pts
What kind of muta!on occurred here?
original DNA: GTAAAG
mutated DNA: GTTAAG
dele!on
inser!on
subs!tu!on
Ques!on 9 1 / 1 pts
Study the 2 DNA strands below:
original DNA GAGGAC
mRNA CUCCUG
amino acid leu-leu
mutated DNA GAGAAC
mRNA CUCUUG
amino acid leu-leu
What kind of muta!on occurred? select all that apply
frameshi"
neither
dele!on
inser!on
subs!tu!on
silent
Ques!on 10 1 / 1 pts
Study the 2 DNA strands below:
original DNA GAGGAC
mRNA CUCCUG
amino acid leu-leu
mutated DNA GAGAAC
mRNA CUCUUG
amino acid leu-leu
Which codon in the original DNA was affected?
GAC
GGA
GAGGAC
AGG
GAG
Ques!on 11 1 / 1 pts
Study the 2 DNA strands below for the TYRP-1 (OCA3) gene:
original DNA CTGAATTC
mRNA GACUUAAG
mutated DNA CTGTAATTC
mRNA GACAUUAAG
What kind of muta!on did individual 3 have? select all that
apply
