Special Cases?: The Flowchart Below Illustrates A Sequence of Steps For Factoring Polynomials
Special Cases?: The Flowchart Below Illustrates A Sequence of Steps For Factoring Polynomials
Rev. 1/2011 Page 1 of 1
Factoring a polynomial is the process of writing it as the product of two or more polynomial factors.
Example: — &
Set the factors of a polynomial equation (as opposed to an expression) equal to zero in order to solve for a
variable: Example: To solve , ; ,
The flowchart below illustrates a sequence of steps for factoring polynomials.
First, always factor out the Greatest Common Factor (GCF), if one exists.
Is the equation a Binomial or a Trinomial?
1
Prime polynomials
cannot be factored Yes No
using integers alone.
The Sum of
Squares and the Four or more
quadratic factors Special Cases? terms
of the Sum and
Difference of Binomial Trinomial
Squares are (two terms) (three terms) Factor by Grouping:
always Prime.
1. Group the terms with
1. Difference of Squares: common factors and factor
out the GCF from each
Perfect Square
grouping.
1 , 3 Trinomial:
2. Sum of Squares:
1.
2. Continue factoring—by
1 , 2 2. looking for Special Cases,
3. Difference of Cubes: Grouping, etc.—until the
3 equation is in simplest form
FYI: A Sum of Squares can
1 , 2 (or all factors are Prime).
4. Sum of Cubes: be factored using imaginary
numbers if you rewrite it as
a Difference of Squares:
—
2
Use S.O.A.P to
No Special √ 1 √ 1
remember the signs Cases
for the factors of the 4
Sum and Difference Completing the Square and the Quadratic Formula
Choose: are primarily methods for solving equations rather
of Cubes:
1. Factor by Grouping than simply factoring expressions.
Same, 4
2. Complete the Square Also, if the GCF doesn’t contain a variable, it may not
Opposite, 4
Always Positive 3. Use the Quadratic be necessary to factor it out prior to using either of
Formula these methods. However, doing so will provide
smaller coefficients to work with.
Factoring steps are adapted from Professor Elias Juridini, Lamar State College‐Orange.