MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
SHIVAJIRAO S. JONDHALE POLYTECHNIC
MICRO PROJECT
Academic Year: 2022-23
TITLE OF PROJET
WORKING & CONSTRUCTIONAL
DETAILS OF RECIPROCATING &
ROTARY COMPRESSORS
Program: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Program code: ME5I
Course: POWER ENGINEERING &
REFRIGERATION (PER)
Course code: 22562
MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that
SHASHANK SAI NALLA
Roll No. 1127 of 5th Semester of Diploma in Mechanical engineering of Institute,
Shivajirao S. Jondhale POLYTECHNIC (Code: 0147) has completed the Micro
Project satisfactorily in Subject –PER (22562) for the academic year 2022 -
2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place: AMBERNATH Enrollment No: 2001470091
Date: ……………………… Exam Seat No: …………………………………….
Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal
INDEX
Sr No. CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Reciprocating compressors
2 Construction & working of reciprocating compressors
3 Applications of reciprocating compressors
4 Introduction to Rotary compressors
5 Construction & working of rotary compressors
6 Applications of rotary compressors
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
Reciprocating compressor
Reciprocating compressor also known as a piston compressor is a
positive displacement device. It is one of the most widely used types of
compressor in which gas is compressed by reciprocating motion of a
piston. It handles low mass of gas but high pressure ratio. During the
operation of reciprocating compression, it takes a large amount of gas
from the suction line, it is then get compressed by the reciprocation
motion of piston driven by the crankshaft, and then it discharges the
compressed gas to the discharge line.
There are two types of reciprocating compressors are for a general
purpose. Single acting reciprocating compressor and double acting
reciprocating compressor. In single-acting type, the compressor cylinder
usually arranged in the vertical position while in double acting the
compression cylinders are normally arranged in horizontal.
🔗Single Stage and Multi Stage Compressor Advantages and Limitation
Construction and working of reciprocating compressor
Figure shows the line drawing of the simplest form of a reciprocating
compressor. It consists of a piston, inlet-outlet valves, cylinder with an
adequate cooling arrangement, connecting rod and crank. The pistons are
fitted with piston rings to avoid gas leakage. Both valves are designed to
quick and leak-free operation. The piston is connected to crack through
the connecting rod. A prime mover (engine, or motor) runs the
crankshaft and it is connected to connecting road. This arrangement
transfer the rotation of the engine to reciprocating motion of piston.
The working of this compressor is same as the compression stroke of
two-stroke engine. The working cycle of the reciprocating simple
reciprocating compressor is described below.
Let us assume the compressor starts when the piston is at top of the
cylinder, TDC (Top dead center). In this position, both the suction
valve and discharge valve is in a closed position. When piston starts to
move downward from TDC to the bottom side of the cylinder BDC
(Bottom dead center) the residual gas (refrigerant) from the previous
cycle in the cylinder gets expanded which reduce the pressure inside the
cylinder. At the same time, the suction valve is opened and the large
amount of fresh gas is flowed into the cylinder. The flow will continue
until the piston reaches the Bottom.
At BDC of stroke, the suction valve again gets closed. Now the piston
moves from BDC to TDC (compression stroke), the cylinder volume
decreases, pressure increases and the gas get compressed. When the
pressure inside the cylinder exceeds the pressure on the top of the
discharge valve, the discharge valve gets opened and the compressed gas
is flow to the discharge line. For a single acting reciprocating
compressor both suction and compression stroke of completed in one
revolution of the crankshaft.
🔗Work done by reciprocating compressor without clearance volume
with PV and TS diagram
🔗Difference between reciprocating compressor rotary compressor
Applications of reciprocating compressor
Reciprocating compressor used to produce high-pressure gas output.
Reciprocating compressor is mainly used in the refrigeration cycle. It is
widely used in oil refineries, gas pipelines, natural gas processing plants,
chemical plants, etc. it is also used in blowing of the plastic bottle.
ROTARY COMPRESSORS
Construction and working of rotary compressor
Rotary compressor is the type of positive displacement
compressor. As the name suggests, rotary compressor
produces compressed fluid/ refrigerant by the rotary
movements of blades or the movement of eccentric roller
connected to the motor shaft. Since the clearance volume
for a rotary compressor is negligible, its volumetric
efficiency is high compared to the reciprocating
compressor. Normally the prime mover (motor) and the
compressor is pressed into a single cylinder with no vapor
space between compressor and shell. So they are also small
and light. One of the most important features of the rotary
compressor is that it lacks the suction and discharge valves
as used on the reciprocating compressor.
👉The dynamic action compressor like a centrifugal
compressor and axial compressor are also categorized as a
rotary compressor in some instance.
🔗Difference between reciprocating compressor rotary
compressor
The general construction of the rotary compressor has a
cylinder with an intake and discharge port, and it has a
roller inside the cylinder. The roller rub against the inside
wall of the cylinder while it rotates. The fluid (refrigerant)
is get trapped between the space between rotor and cylinder.
The trapped fluid is then progressively get compressed by
decreasing the annular space between the rotor and
cylinder. The process can be described in four intermediate
steps.
1. Introduction of fluid into the compartment between roller
and cylinder.
2. Sealing the suction port and trapping the fluid inside the
chamber.
3. Compression of fluid by decreasing the volume of the
chamber.
4. Discharging of high-pressure fluid through the discharge
port.
There are mainly two types of rotary compressor
1. Stationary blade type rotary compressor
2. Rotating blade type rotary compressor
The rotary compressor is usually arranged as a single unit,
sometimes it arranged as series of the compressor with or
without an intercooler.
🔗Single stage and multi stage compressor advantages and
limitation
Applications of rotary compressor
The rotary compressor is generally used where a large volume of high-pressure
fluid is required. For large industrial applications, high power air tools like
jackhammers and impact wrenches, pneumatic pumps, sandblasting operations. It
is used where continuous fluid flow is required, such as automated
manufacturing, food packaging plants.
Advantages and disadvantages of rotary compressor
Advantages
Rotary compressor is compact and light.
It does not exhibit vibration and shaking forces as that of the reciprocating
compressor. So it does not require a rigorous foundation.
High volumetric efficiency since the clearance volume for a rotary compressor
is negligible.
It operates at high speed, so it can handle a large quantity of fluid.
Machine parts are well balanced. Less noisy.
Maintenance of low.
Lubrication is simple, and the output fluid is free from dirt/ oil.
Unlike the reciprocating compressor which discharges intermittent, the rotary
compressor supply compressed air continuously
Low initial cost.
Disadvantages
Discharge pressure per stage is low compared to the reciprocating compressor.
No flexibility in capacity and compression ratio.
