CALCULATING VOLUME
1 Period 3 contains the elements sodium to argon. This question asks about the chemistry of each of
the Period 3 elements or their compounds.
(a) Sodium nitrate is a white crystalline solid. When heated it melts and the following reaction
occurs.
2NaNO3(l) → 2NaNO2(l) + O2(g)
A 3.40 g sample of sodium nitrate is heated.
m
Calculate the
• number of moles of NaNO3 used,
co
s.
.................................. mol
e
• number of moles of O2 formed,
u rc
so .................................. mol
• volume of O2 formed, in dm3 (measured at r.t.p.).
re
m
.................................. dm3
[3]
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w
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2 Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate solution.
2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(a) Explain why effervescence is seen during the reaction.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
m
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.
co
•
10.0 cm 3
of 0.100 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid were placed in a conical flask.
• A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the dilute hydrochloric acid.
• The mixture was titrated with sodium carbonate solution.
s.
• 16.2 cm3 of sodium carbonate solution were required to react completely with the acid.
e
(i) What colour would the methyl orange indicator be in the hydrochloric acid?
rc
. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]
u
(ii) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid were used.
so
re
............................ mol [1]
m
(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the equation for the reaction to calculate the number of
moles of sodium carbonate that reacted.
xa
te
............................ mol [1]
ar
(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to calculate the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution
in mol / dm3.
m
.s
............................ mol / dm3 [2]
w
(c) In another experiment, 0.020 mol of sodium carbonate were reacted with excess hydrochloric
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acid.
w
Calculate the maximum volume (at r.t.p.) of carbon dioxide gas that could be made in this
reaction.
............................ dm3 [3]
[Total: 9]
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3
Calcium chloride can be made by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl 2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
excess of calcium carbonate was added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. The
An
solution was filtered to remove the excess calcium carbonate.
(a) How many moles of HCl were used in this reaction?
m
co
..................................... mol [2]
s.
(b) D
educe the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas made in this reaction.
e
rc
..................................... mol [1]
u
so
(c) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide made in this reaction.
re
m
........................................ g [2]
xa
(d) Calculate the volume, in dm3, of carbon dioxide made in this reaction at room temperature and
pressure (r.t.p.).
te
ar
.................................... dm3 [1]
m
[Total: 6]
.s
w
w
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4 Ammonia reacts with oxygen as shown.
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
(i) Calculate the volume of oxygen at room temperature and pressure, in dm3, that reacts with
4.80 dm3 of ammonia.
m
co
volume = .............................. dm3 [3]
e s.
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5 When lead(II) nitrate is heated, two gases are given off and solid lead(II) oxide remains.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
(a) Calculate the Mr of lead(II) nitrate.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
m
(b) 6.62 g of lead(II) nitrate are heated until there is no further change in mass.
co
(i) Calculate the mass of lead(II) oxide produced.
e s.
........................... g [2]
rc
(ii) Calculate the volume of oxygen, O2, produced at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
u
so
........................... dm3 [2]
re
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.s
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