Indian Institute of Technology Patna

Embedded Systems(EE512)
PROJECT

Topic:

IoT based Smart Irrigation System using ESP8266

NodeMCU And Arduino Uno

Submitted by: Aditya Shah(2011mt02)

(MTech-Mechatronics)

Under the supervision of:

Dr. Udit Satija
(Assistant Professor)
Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT Patna

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

 OBJECTIVE:

 To implement IoT based Smart Irrigation System using ESP8266 NodeMCU

and Arduino Uno

BACKGROUND:

In this Project, I will work with Smart irrigation System that has wide scope to
automate the complete irrigation system. Here I will be building an IoT based
Irrigation System using ESP8266 NodeMCU Module,Arduino Uno , Soil Moisture
Sensor Module and DHT11 Sensor. It will automatically irrigate based on the
moisture level in the soil, Temperature and Humidity of ambient and also send the
Data to ThingSpeak Server to keep track of the land condition. The System also
consist of a water pump module which will be used to sprinkle water on the land
depending upon the land environmental condition such as Moisture, Temperature
and Humidity.

Apparatus Used:

 ESP8266 NodeMCU Development Board

Description:
NodeMCU ESP8266 is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board specially
targeted for IoT based applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC
from Espressif Systems and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module, and like this, it can
also be programmed using Arduino IDE and can act as both WiFi Hotspot or can connect to one. It
has one Analog Input Pin, 16 Digital I/O pins along with the capability to connect with serial
communication protocols like SPI, UART, and I2C. NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of Flash
memory to store data and programs. Its high processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and
Deep Sleep Operating features make it ideal for IoT projects. Its applications include prototyping
for IoT devices, low powered battery-operated applications, and projects requiring I/O interface
with Bluetooth and WiFi capabilities.

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

SPECIFICATIONS

• Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106

• Operating Voltage: 3.3V
• Input Voltage: 7-12V
• Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
• Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
• UARTs: 1
• SPIs: 1
• I2Cs: 1
• Flash Memory: 4 MB
• SRAM: 64 KB
• Clock Speed: 80 MHz

 3V to 12V Mini DC Submersible Pump

Description:

This DC operated mini submersible water pump is ideal for small vending machines and
other applications, in which a small amount of water has to be pumped. The operating
voltage for this DC pump is between 3 to 12V and can be easily controlled with
development boards like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP, and other microcontrollers, so
also frequently used in DIY electronics projects and hobby projects. The pumping height
for this mini DC water pump is between 40 to 110 cm.

SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MINI DC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

• Operating voltage (Vcc): 3V to 12V

• Pumping Height: between 40 to 110 cm.

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

  Soil Moisture Sensor Module

Description: The soil moisture sensor is commonly used in smart agriculture or other garden
automation projects to measure the moisture content present in the soil. It consists of 4 pins in
which two pins, Vcc and Gnd are connected to supply voltage. The remaining two pins are digital
(D0) and analog (A0) are the output pins. When the moisture content present in the soil goes
beyond the threshold level, the output of the digital pin (D0) will go low (the output of the digital
pin is either logic 0 or 1). The threshold value of the sensor module can be set by varying the
onboard potentiometer. The analog output pin can be used to calculate the approximate level of
moisture content present in the soil.

SPECIFICATIONS OF THE SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

• Operating voltage (Vcc): 3.3V to 5V

• Analog Output voltage: 0 to 4.2V@ Vcc = 5V
• Digital Output Voltage: 0V or 5V @ Vcc=5v
• Current consumption: 32mA

 DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

Description: It’s is a basic and low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. This comes in a
blue perforated plastic enclosure. This has three pin,which are Vcc, Gnd and Data pin.

DHT11 Sensor Specifications:

• Temperature measurement accuracy: ±2.0

• Output Signal Digital
• Temperature Range 0 to 50º C
• Humidity Range: 20 to 90% RH
• Humidity Accuracy: ± 5% RH
• Power Supply: 3.3 to 5V
• Size: 2.3cm x 1.2cm x 0.5cm.

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

  5V 10A Relay Module

Description: This 5V Relay module helps us to switch (control) AC/DC loads from a
microcontroller like Arduino, PIC, ARM etc. We can turn on or turn off loads that consume upto
10A using this Relay module. The module also comes with a power indicator led and signal
indicator led. Input/Trigger voltage: 5V

The specifications of the 5V relay module are:

• Current consumption: 20mA maximum

• AC load voltage: upto 250V
• DC load voltage: upto 30V
• Load current: upto 10A

Since this Relay Module require 5 volt Input for energizing its coil, I used Arduino uno for
actuation because node-mcu can provide a max voltage of 3.3 V only (Since I was not having any
external module to be integrated with node -mcu to give the control command to relay ).

 UNO R3 Development Board ATmega328P ATmega16U2

Description: . It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

Specifications for this item:

Brand Name :Generic
Is Assembly Required: false
Item Weight :299 grams
Material: UNO R3 Development Board ATmega328P ATmega16U2 with USB cable for Arduino
Model Number: ADU-0004
Special Features: Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) , Flash Memory: 32 KB
(ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader. , SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P), Operating Voltage 5V

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

Circuit Diagram:

Flow Diagram:

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

Experimental Setup:

Click on below Image for getting more Visualization of Setup:

Circuit Visualization

Experimental Setup

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

Setting up of Channel :

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

API KEYS: This enable us to write data to a channel or read data from a private channel. API keys are
auto-generated when we create a new channel.

Coding
The code for both Arduino Uno and ESP8266 NodeMCU is given below:

ESP8266 NodeMCU-IOT
IOT
#include <DHT.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
String apiKey = "90LV9J03WOB581W6"; // My API key
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
const char *ssid = "Alexa"; // My WiFi Name
const char *pass = "ES-Project"; // My WiFi Password
#define DHTPIN D3 // GPIO Pin where the dht11 is connected
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11);
WiFiClient client;

const int moisturePin = A0; // moisteure sensor pin

unsigned long interval = 10000;
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
unsigned long interval1 = 1000;
unsigned long previousMillis1 = 0;
int moisturePercentage; //moisture reading
float h; // humidity reading
float t; //temperature reading

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(10);
dht.begin();
Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02
 Serial.println("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
delay(500);
Serial.print("."); // print ... till not connected
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
}

void loop()
{
unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // grab current time

h = dht.readHumidity(); // read humiduty

t = dht.readTemperature(); // read temperature

if (isnan(h) || isnan(t))
{
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}

moisturePercentage = (100.00-((analogRead(moisturePin)/(1023.00))*100.00));

if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillis1) >= interval1) {

Serial.print("Soil Moisture is = ");
Serial.print(moisturePercentage);
Serial.println("%");
previousMillis1 = millis();
}

if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillis) >= interval) {

sendThingspeak(); //send data to thing speak

previousMillis = millis();
client.stop();
}

void sendThingspeak() {
if (client.connect(server, 80))
{
String postStr = apiKey; // add api key in the postStr
string
postStr += "&field1=";
postStr += String(moisturePercentage); // add mositure readin
postStr += "&field2=";
postStr += String(t); // add tempr readin
postStr += "&field3=";
postStr += String(h); // add humidity readin
postStr += "\r\n\r\n";

client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");

client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
client.print("Connection: close\n");
client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: " + apiKey + "\n");

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

 client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
client.print("Content-Length: ");
client.print(postStr.length()); //send lenght of the string
client.print("\n\n");
client.print(postStr); // send complete string
Serial.print("Moisture Percentage: ");
Serial.print(moisturePercentage);
Serial.print("%. Temperature: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" C, Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.println("%. Sent to Thingspeak.");
}}

ARDUINO CODINGS-ACTUATION
const int motorPin = 8;
int moisturePercentage;
const int moisturePin = A0;
unsigned long interval1 = 1000;
unsigned long previousMillis1 = 0;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(10);
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);

void loop() {

unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // grab current time

moisturePercentage = (100.00-((analogRead(moisturePin)/(1023.00))*100.00));

if ((unsigned long)(currentMillis - previousMillis1) >= interval1) {

Serial.print("Soil Moisture is = ");
Serial.print(moisturePercentage);
Serial.println("%");
previousMillis1 = millis();
}
if (moisturePercentage < 35.00) {
digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
} else {
digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
}}

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

Checking of Connection:

It worked correctly and thus, the microcontroller is sending the Data to ThingSpeak Server to keep
track of the land condition i.e, Temperature ,Humidity and moisture information, in a interval of
10 seconds as programmed in Node-MCU.

Working:
Here in this Project,I have used Arduino Uno and NodeMcu , Sensor as discussed above and
Pump Module.So basically ,the sensor will provide the Ambient condition data to NodeMcu
and Arduino Uno .The NodeMcu after getting the data from the sensor, will send the data to
server ,to visualize the ambient condition graphically. The only reason of using Arduino Uno
,is the inability of NodeMCU of providing 5V O/P (NodeMcu at max can give 3.3V) and for
actuating the Relay ,we need 5 V for it’s proper functioning. So I used the Arduino
Uno,which after analyzing the sensor data, will actuate the pump when the ambient
parameter crosses below the predefined threshold value .

Click on below Image to see the Working of Automated Irrigation System:

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02

Observation:
During the experiment, it was observed that the relay was not working with node-mcu,so for
actuation we used Arduino uno and for sending the ambient condition to server ,it was
verified that the data gets to server at every 10 s and the same has been checked in serial
monitor. Also it was found that sometimes the DHT 11 was unable to read the temperature
and humidity condition ,due to its internal problem ,so we are taking the data after some
periodic interval and since the ambient condition doesn’t change drastically in short span, so
it works well with situation.

Conclusions: So through the Project, I learnt about the two microcontroller and also how to
interface various sensor used ,to those microcontroller. I also understood how to setup the
channel in ThingSpeak and how to connect the same with NodeMCU ,to send the data of
ambient parameters to Server at every predefined time periodically. Thus, with this I
successfully implemented the Automated Soil Irrigation System.

Name: Aditya Shah Roll: 2011mt02