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Circle 7 PDF

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52 views

Circle 7 PDF

Uploaded by

Aditya Singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CIRCLE 1. Equation to general curve ax? + by? + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy-+e=0 2. Equation to general circle @) x?+y?4+29x +2fy+ce=0 (Condition: From the equation of general curve, for general and real circle, @ a=b=1 (i) h=0 Gi) g? +f? -c>0] () From the equation of general circle, (i) Centre is at (-9,-f) (i) radius= fg? +f? —¢ ii) (1). g? +f? —c > 0 forreal circle (2) g? + f?-c = Ofor point circle Q) g?+f?—c < Ofor imaginary circle 3. Standard equations of circles (a) Centre-radius form:(x — @)? + (y — B)* = a? represents a circle with centre(a, B) and radius a. () Circle passing through the origin is x? + y? + 2gx + 2fy =0 (©) Circle touching the X-axis is (a)? + —- BY =P =x? +y2 + 29x 4 2Fy 4g? = (d)_ Circle touching the Y-axis is GaP + PY =a? x? ty? + 29x 4 Fy 4 frag = Circle touching the both the axes is (x—p)? + (y—p)? = p? x2 + y? + px t apy tp? =0 (f) Circle passing through the origin and centre lying on the X-axis is x? +y? —2ax =0 (g)_ Circle passing through the origin and centre lying on Y-axis is x? +y?-2ay=0 (h) Circle with centre at the origin is x+y? sat Note: For the circle ax? + ay? + 2gx + 2fy+c=0 Centre = (-2, -!) and Radius a e+ os 4. Diametric form Equation of a circle whose end points of a diameter are given as (xy, ¥1) and (x2, y2) is (x-x))@- 2) + 0-0-2) =0 5. Equation of a circle passing through three given points The equation of a circle passing through three given points (xy, ¥1), (x2. ¥2) and (x3,23) is ity? x Y. =0 tytn xp+yP "2 yz xdtyp Xs Ys 6. Parametric Equations of circles (a) For the circle (x ~ a)? + — B)? = a? the parametric equation is x=atacosb y=fPtasind (a) For the circle x? + y* = a? the parametric equation is 1 1 1 1 x=acos0) y=asind ‘osition of a point with re If the equation to a circle be $ x? + y? + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0, then the point (x1,71) lies outside, on or inside the circle according as $, >,= or < 0 whereS, = x? + y? + 29x, + 2fy, +0 8. Equation to the concentric circles If one circle be x? + y? + 29x + 2fy +c = 0, then the equation of any circle which is concentric with the given circle is x? + y? + 2gx + 2fy +k = O(k #c) 9. Intercepts formed on the axes Equation to the circle is x? + y? + 2gx + 2fxt+c=0 (a) (i) The length of intercept formed by the circle on the X-axis is 2/9? — ¢ (g? > ¢) (ii) The length of intercept formed by the circle on the Y-axis is 2ffF=c (f? >0) Note: (i) ifg? (i) iff? = (iii) if g? = f? =c, then the circle will touch both the axes. g , then the circle will touch the X-axis then the circle will touch the Y-axis 10. Equation of tangent (a) Point form: (i) The equation of the tangent at the point P(x,,)4) to a circle x? + y? + 2gx + afyte=Oisxy tyr tgetatfOotyj)te=0 (ii) The equation of the tangent at the point (x1, ¥;) toa circle x+y? =aisxx, tyy =a. (b) Slope form: (i) The equations to the tangents of slope m to the circle x? + y? + 2gx + 2fg +c = Oarey + f=m(xt+g)+ G+ fF—oyl +m) (ii) The equations of the tangents of slope m to the circle eae = atarey—f =m(x—a)tavi +m? and points of contact are(a + SG eb tp (iii) The equations of the tangents of slope m to the circle x? +y? = a?arey = mx + av1 + m? and the points of contact are (Ss Fz45) viem?? © ¥i+m?, (c) Parametric form: (i) The equation of the tangent to the circle (x — @)* + (y — 8)? = a?at the point P(a+acos6,B + a Sin8)is(x — a)cos8 + (y — B)sind =a (i) The equations of the tangent to the cirlex?+y? = a7at the point P(6) [ie. at (a cos@,a sin8)]isx cosé + y sind =a (@ The line Ly + my + n = 0 touches the circle x? + y? = aif a?(I? + m?) = n?, (e) The point of intersection of the tangents at the point P(@,) and Q(@2) on the circle asn(t) cos(=53) A (6) The length of the tangent from (x,,y)to the circle Sax? ty? +2gx 4 2fy +c = Disy5; where SpExtty? + 29x t+2fyite. (g) The angle between two tangents from (x,,y;) to the circle x? + y? = a? is 2tan™* (q)utere S, = yx ty7—@?. (h) The area of the triangle formed by the tangent at (x,y) on the circle 252 = eel is iso xttyaa with the coordinate ares i 11. Equation of Normal gM A line which is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact on the curve is said to be a normal. (@) Point form: The equation of normal at the point (x,,y1) to the circle x? +y? +2g9x+ 2fy +c =0is (1 + f\x—- G+ gy + Gy — fai) = 0. (ii) The equation of normal at the point (x1, 1) to the circle x? + y? = ais xy, - yx, =0. (b) Slope form: irclex? + y? The equation of normal of slope m to the circlex’+y my = -x tavi+m?, (c) Parametric form: z ; The equation of normal to the circlex*+y?=aat the point P(a cos, a sin8)is x sin@ — y cos0 = 0. Note : Normal always passes through the centre of the circle. 12. Pair of tangents (@) The equation to the pair of tangents drawn from a point to a given circle is SS;=T?, Where S denotes the equation to the circle, S; denotes the expression replacing the point in the equation of circle and T denotes equation of the tangent to the circle at that point. (i) -For the circle x? + y? t2gx+2fy+c=0, the equation to the pair of tangents drawn from the point (x, y,) is GP ty? + 29x 4 By t a +y.2+ 29x, +2fy, +0) =bx ty toeta)+ (Oty) +o? (ii) For the circle x? + y? = a2, the equation to the pair of tangents drawn from the Point (Xa, 94) is(x? + y? — a?) (xy? + y,?— a) = (xx, + yy, — a2)? (&) The pair of tangents from the point (0,0) ie. origin to the circle x? +y? + 2gx+2fytec = 0, are at right angle if g? + f2 = 2c, 13. Chord of contract ~ (a) Chord of contact of two tangents, drawn from P(x, y,) to the circle x+y? + gx + 2fy + c= iste +yy, + (e+ 2) + fly ty) +c =0 (b) The equation to the chord of contact of two tangents drawn from the poi PCy, ¥1) to the circle x? + y? = ais xx, + yy, = a2, ieee 14. Equation of chor ted at a given point The equation of chord of any circle bisected at any given Point is T = 5. (@) For the circle x? + y? = a, if the mid-point of the ch equation is xx, + yyy = xy? +y,2. (b) For the circlex? + y? + 29x + 2fy+c=0, G1, y,)then its equation is xx, + yy, + gx + ord be (xy,y4) then its , if the mid-point of the chord be Y= 22 +92 gx, + fy 15. le te tion of ircles The angle of intersection of nwo circles is defined circles at their point of intersection. Va ng aN as the angle between the tangents to the s : : 247,2—a? If the angle of intersection of two circles be @,thencos@ = wae = : aT ~16. Orthogonal circles Two circles are said fo be orthogonal if those intersect orthogonally i.e. their angle of intersection is a right angle. If the two circles S, = x? +y? +29,.x+4 2fy +c, =0 and S, xr ty? +2gox+ 2fay + cz = 0 be orthogonal, then 29192 + 2fifo = 1 + C2. 17. Diameter Two locus of the middle points of a system of parallel chords of a circle is said to be a diameter of the circle. The equation of the diameter bisecting parallel chords y=mx-+c of the circle xty? =a? is x+my=0. 18. Common chord : For the circle st ety? t2gixt Uy ter =Oand S.= x? +y? + 2gox+ 2hy +e =0, (2) The equation to the common chord is Ste oice 0 = 2G, — 9) x4 hi ~ fly +4 Ca] @) AN If Cyand C, be the two centres of the two circles, then the length of the common chord is PQ = 2 |C,P? (©) Ifryandry be the radii of the two circles, then the length of the common chord is Bh 2ryry PQs Tae 19. Common tangents If C,and C, denote the two centres and 1 and 72 denote the two radii of the two circles S,S x? +y? + 2guxt 2fiy +c; = Oand S25 x? +y? + 2gox + fy +c = 0, then No. of Case Condition common tangents GG>n+n 4 QQ > +r 3 In-nl

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