DBM30033

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 3

CASE STUDY

LECTURER: MADAM NOOR AZILLA BINTI

MD RADZI

Bil. NAME MATRIX NO.

1. SYAHIRAH BINTI SAHIDI 16DEM20F1001
2. NURDINI BINTI ZAKINUDIN 16DEM20F1006
3. MUHAMMAD SYARMI SYAZANI BIN ABD 16DEM20F1009
HAMID
4. FARIS IZZUDDIN BIN AMRAN 16DEM20F1033
5. JAZNI AISHAH FATINI BINTI JAZ ARFAN 16DEM20F1034
IRWAN
 INTRODUCTION

Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics that involves the collection, description, analysis,
and interpreting data. The mathematical theories behind statistics rely heavily on differential and
integral calculus, linear algebra, and probability theory.
QUESTION
i. Minimum number of data is 30
YEARS URBAN/SUBURBAN VALUE LUAR BANDAR/RURAL LAND VALUE
2014 KELANTAN 79 KELANTAN 81
2014 KELANTAN 87 KELANTAN 71
2014 TERENGGANU 78 TERENGGANU 86
2014 TERENGGANU 74
2014 SABAH 91
2015 KELANTAN 88 KELANTAN 85
2015 KELANTAN 88 KELANTAN 74
2015 TERENGGANU 80 TERENGGANU 82
2015 TERENGGANU 82
2015 SABAH 85
2016 KELANTAN 95 KELANTAN 88
2016 KELANTAN 90 KELANTAN 82
2016 TERENGGANU 82 TERENGGANU 81
2016 TERENGGANU 82
2016 SABAH 74
2017 KELANTAN 91 KELANTAN 81
2017 KELANTAN 92 KELANTAN 74
2017 TERENGGANU 83 TERENGGANU 80
2017 TERENGGANU 67
2017 SABAH 78
2018 KELANTAN 82 KELANTAN 81
2018 KELANTAN 81 KELANTAN 65
2018 TERENGGANU 84 TERENGGANU 81
 2018 TERENGGANU 85
2018 SABAH 80
= 40

ii. Construct frequency table

Number of data, N = 40
Highest data = 95
Lowest data = 65
Range = 95 – 65 = 30
Number of class, K = 1 + 3.33 log 40
= 6.33 ~ 7
Size of class = 5

CLASS INTERVAL TALLY FREQUENCY

65 - 69 II 2

70 - 74 IIII 5

75 - 79 III 3

80 - 84 IIII IIII IIII II 17

85 - 89 IIII III 8

90 - 94 IIII 4

95 - 99 I 1
 HISTOGRAM
Class Class Cumulative
Interval F Boundaries X FX Frequency
65 - 69 2 64.5 – 69.5 67 134 2
70 - 74 5 69.5 – 74.5 72 360 7
75 - 79 3 74.5 – 79.5 77 231 10
80 - 84 17 79.5 – 84.5 82 1394 27
85 - 89 8 84.5 – 89.5 87 696 35
90 - 94 4 89.5 – 94.5 92 368 39
95 - 99 1 94.5 – 99.5 97 97 40
∑𝑓 = 40 ∑𝑓𝑥 = 3280

∑𝑓𝑥
i. Mean, 𝑥̅ = 𝑓
3280
= 40

= 82

𝑑1
ii. Mode = 𝐿𝑚𝑜 + (𝑑1+𝑑2) 𝑐
14
= 79.5 + (14+9) 5

= 82.54

𝑁
−𝐹
iii. Median = 𝐿𝑚 + ( 2𝑓𝑚 ) 𝑐

20−10
= 79.5 + ( )5
17

= 82.44
 OGIVE

Class Class Cumulative

Interval F Boundaries Frequency
65 - 69 2 64.5 – 69.5 2
70 - 74 5 69.5 – 74.5 7
75 - 79 3 74.5 – 79.5 10
80 - 84 17 79.5 – 84.5 27
85 - 89 8 84.5 – 89.5 35
90 - 94 4 89.5 – 94.5 39
95 - 99 1 94.5 – 99.5 40
∑𝑓 = 40
HISTOGRAM
OGIVE
 COMPARISON BETWEEN FORMULA AND GRAPH METHOD
FORMULA METHOD GRAPH METHOD
HISTOGRAM MODE
𝑑1
= 𝐿𝑚𝑜 + (𝑑1+𝑑2) 𝑐
14
82.5
= 79.5 + (14+9) 5

= 82.54

OGIVE MEDIAN
𝑁
−𝐹
2
= 𝐿𝑚 + ( )𝑐
𝑓𝑚
82.5
20−10
= 79.5 + ( )5
17

= 82.44
 THE VALUES OF INTERQUARTILE RANGE, DECILE QUARTILE AND
PERCENTILE BASED ON THE OGIVE GRAPH

1
First Quartile, Q1 = 4 × ∑𝑓
1
= 4 × 40=10

=74.5
3
Third Quartile, Q3 = 4 × ∑𝑓
3
= 4 × 40 = 30

=80.5
Values of interquartile, Q3-Q1
=80.5-74.5 = 10

Example of finding:
1)Decile
5
D5 = 10 × ∑𝑓
5
= 10 × 40 = 20

=79

2)Percentiles
90
P90 = 100 × ∑𝑓
90
= 100 × 40 = 36

=85.5
 INTERPRET DISPERSION BY USING GRAPH

P90= 85.5

Q3= 80.5

D5= 79

Q1= 74.5
 THE VALUES OF INTERQUARTILE RANGE, DECILE QUARTILE AND
PERCENTILE
1
First Quartile, Q1 = 4 × ∑𝑓
1
= 4 × 40=10
3
Third Quartile, Q3 = 4 × ∑𝑓
3
= 4 × 40 = 30

Interquartile range, Q3-Q1

= 30−10 = 20

Example of finding:
1)Decile
5
D5 = 10 × ∑𝑓
5
= 10 × 40 = 20

2)Percentiles
90
P90 = 100 × ∑𝑓
90
= 100 × 40 = 36
 MEASURES OF DIPERSION, MEAN DEVIATION, VARIANCE AND STANDARD
DEVIATION

Class Frequency, Class Midpoint, 𝒇x Cumulative ̅|

|𝒙 − 𝒙 ̅) 𝟐
(𝐱 − 𝒙 (𝒙 − 𝒙
̅)𝒇 ̅) 𝟐 𝒇
(𝐱 − 𝒙
Interval 𝒇 Boundaries x Frequency

65-69 2 64.5-69.5 67 134 2 15 225 30 450

70-74 5 69.5-74.5 72 360 7 10 100 50 500
75-79 3 74.5-79.5 77 231 10 5 25 15 75
80-84 17 79.5-84.5 82 1394 27 0 0 0 0
85-89 8 84.5-89.5 87 696 35 5 25 40 200
90-94 4 89.5-94.5 92 368 39 10 100 40 400
95-99 1 94.5-99.5 97 97 40 15 225 15 225
∑𝑓 = 40 ∑3280 =60 =700 =190 =1850

Mean,
∑fx 3280
x̅ = = = 82
∑f 40

Mean Deviation,
∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )𝑓
E= 𝛴𝑓
190
= = 4.75
40

Variance,
∑(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2 𝑓
S2 = ∑𝑓
1850
= = 46.25
40

Standard deviation,
S = √𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡
= √46.25
= 6.80
 DISCUSSION
Based on the analysis we did from data collected, we can conclude that the Status of
Groundwater Quality Index for Urban, Suburban and Rural Land Use in in Kelantan,
Terengganu, and Sabah from year 2014 to 2018 are inconsistent. We have some conclusion and
draw two graphs, ogive and histogram to analyze the data provided. From analysis of Five years
of data, we found the mean average 𝑥̃ . 8, the median, m is 83.44, the mode is 82.54, the mean
deviation E, is 4.75, the variance 𝑆 2 is 46.5 and the standard deviation S, 6.80.

By using formula, we found that 1st Quartile, Q1 is 10, the 3rd Quartile, Q3 is 30, the
Interquartile Range is 20, 50th decile is 20 and the 90th percentile is 36.

From ogive, the median is 82.5, the 1st quartile is Q1, 74.5, The 3rd Quartile Q3, is 80.5, the
Interquartile Range is 10, the 5th Decile is 79 and the 90th Percentile is 85.5. From the histogram,
we obtain that the mode is 82.54. All in all, the calculation’s result with the graph’s result, there
is a m

CONCLUSION
Statistics hold the key for enabling students to better understanding, process and interpret
the vast amounts of quantitative data that exist all around them, and to have a probabilistic sense
in situations of uncertainty. To be able to judge the validity of a data-supported argument
presented to them, to discern the believability of a persuasive advertisement that talks about the
results of a survey of all of the users of a particular product, or to be knowledgeable consumers
of the data-intensive government and electoral statistics that are ever-present, students need the
skills that they can learn in a well-conceived probability and statistics curriculum strand.
 RECOMMENDATION

1. Theoretical development of the statistical concepts required to address the question are
introduced as the students begin their investigation.
2. Statistical studies approach students to solve a real problem and it also generates an
interest in learning the material skills because the problem have depth and merit.
3. Theoretical statistic as unnecessary and unnatural and think the integration of the two
using case studies makes for more compelling and complete mathematical statistic
studies.

REFERENCES
1. Madam Nor Azilla Binti Md Radzi.
2. Engineering Mathematics 3, 2nd Edition. Polytechnic Series Book.
3. https://www.coursehero.com/u/file/71106151/CASE-STUDYdocx/
4. http://iase-web.org/documents/papers/icots6/3e1_dnol.pdf?1402524960
5. https://anyflip.com/umjk/auks/basic
6. https://www.studocu.com/my/document/politeknik-sultan-haji-ahmad-shah/mechanical-
engineering/case-study-math-reportdraft/14204570
 APPENDIX

Checklist of task progress

TASK CHECK
a) Introduction ✓
b) Minimum number of data is 30 ✓
c) Construct frequency table ✓
d) Measures of central tendency ✓
(Mean, Median and Mode)
e) Histogram to find mode ✓
(Compare with calculation using formula)
f) Ogive to find median ✓
(Compare with calculation using formula)
g) The values of interquartile range and 1 example ✓
of finding (decile, quartile and percentile)

h) Measures of dispersion ✓
(Mean Deviation, Variance and Standard Deviation)

i) Conclusion, discussion, and recommendation ✓

 Task distribution Schedule
TASK START DURATION END RESPONSIBLE
DATE (DAYS) DATE
a) Introduction 14 Oct 2 15 Oct Jazni
b) Minimum number of data is 30 14 Oct 2 15 Oct Jazni
c) Construct frequency table 14 Oct 3 16 Oct Dini
d) Measures of central tendency 16 Oct 4 19 Oct Fareez
(Mean, Median and Mode)
e) Histogram to find mode 18 Oct 4 19 Oct Dini
(Compare with calculation using
formula)
f) Ogive to find median 18 Oct 2 19 Oct Fareez
(Compare with calculation using
formula)
g) The values of interquartile 23 Oct 4 24 Oct Syarmi
range and 1 example of finding
(decile, quartile and percentile)
h) Measures of dispersion 25 Oct 1 25 Oct Syahirah
(Mean Deviation, Variance and
Standard Deviation)
i) Conclusion, discussion, and 25 Oct 2 26 Oct Syahirah
recommendation
j) References 26 Oct 1 26 Oct Syahirah
 Group discussion

Discussion of task distribution

Discussion on how to transfer raw data to frequency table

Discussion of the last session of the case study report