U20EC086 WMC lab 2023

Experiment - 9
Aim: Study of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Modulation and Demodulation
Process.

9.1: Study of Spreading and Dispersing based on Spread Spectrum technique

9.2: Study of DSSS Modulation/Demodulation Using Analog Signal as an Input.

9.3: Study of DSSS Modulation/Demodulation Using Digital Signal as an Input

Apparatus:
1. ST 2115 CDMA Trainer Kit
2. CRO
3. CRO Probes, Patch Codes
Theory:
Direct-sequence spread spectrum in Wireless Networks is a technique that transmits a data
signal over a range of frequencies, spreading it uniformly across the allocated spectrum.
When transmitting a DSSS spread spectrum signal, the required data signal is multiplied with
what is known as a spreading or chip code data stream. The resulting data stream has a higher
data rate than the data itself. Often the data is multiplied using the XOR (exclusive OR)
function.
Each bit in the spreading sequence is called a chip, and this is much shorter than each
information bit. The spreading sequence or chip sequence has the same data rate as the final
output from the spreading multiplier. The rate is called the chip rate, and this is often
measured in terms of a number of M chips / sec.
The first part of the process is to generate the DSSS signal. Take as an example that the data
to be transmitted is 1001, and the chip or spreading code is 0010. For each data bit, the
complete spreading code is used to multiple the data, and in this way, for each data bits, the
spread or expanded signal consists of four bits.

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1 0 0 1 Data to be transmitted
001 0010 001 0010 Chip or spreading code
0 0

110 0010 001 1101 Resultant spread data

With the signal obtained and transmitted, it needs to be decoded within the remote receiver:

1101 0010 0010 1101 Incoming CDMA signal

0010 0010 0010 0010 Chip or spreading code

1111 0000 0000 1111 Result of de-spreading

1 0 0 1 Integrated output

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Fig 1. Spreading and Dispersing Set Up

Fig 2. DSSS Set Up - Analog Input

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Fig 3. DSSS Set Up - Digital Input

Output and Waveforms:

[ For 9.1 Case]

 
Fig. Binary Data Fig. PN Sequence

 
             Fig. DSSS Generator Output       Fig. Data Recovery Block Output

Output Waveforms: [ For 9.2 Case]

 
  Fig. Input Analog Signal     Fig. PWM Output

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                 Fig.PN Sequence     Fig. DSSS Generator Output

     
  Fig.Unipolar to Bipolar Output       Fig. BPSK Modulator Output

       
Fig.BPSK Demodulator Out       Fig. Comparator Output

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Fig.Data Recovery Block Output               Fig. LPF Out
Output Waveforms (9.3 Digital Input):
Used C and D taps of PN Sequence and Binary Input (01011101)

 
1 ) Binary Data Sequence 2 ) PN Sequence

   
                3 ) DSSS Generator Output    4 ) Unipolar to Bipolar Output

 
5 ) BPSK Modulator Output 6 ) BPSK Demodulator Output

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7 ) Comparator Output 8 ) Data Recovery Block Output

Conclusion:
Based on the study of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation and
demodulation process, the following conclusions can be drawn:
9.1: The Spread Spectrum technique involves spreading and dispersing the signal over a wide
bandwidth to increase resistance to interference and jamming. DSSS is a specific spread
spectrum technique that uses a spreading code to spread the signal across a wide frequency
band.
9.2: DSSS modulation using an analog signal as an input involves multiplying the input
signal with a spreading code to spread the signal over a wide bandwidth. The modulated
signal is then transmitted and received by multiplying the received signal with the same
spreading code to demodulate the signal.
9.3: DSSS modulation using a digital signal as an input involves representing the digital
signal as a sequence of symbols and then spreading the symbols using a spreading code. The
modulated signal is then transmitted and received by multiplying the received signal with the
same spreading code and decoding the sequence of symbols to demodulate the signal.
In conclusion, the study of DSSS modulation and demodulation provides insights into the
spread spectrum technique, spreading and dispersing of signals, and the use of analog and
digital signals in the modulation and demodulation process. DSSS is an effective technique
for increasing resistance to interference and jamming, making it suitable for various
applications in wireless communication systems

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