Scribd
Upload
3K views6 pages

8 DETERMINING AREA by COORDINATES PDF

This document discusses two methods for calculating the area of land - plane surveying and geodetic surveying. It then describes using the coordinate method to calculate the area of any closed figure bounded by straight lines. The coordinate method involves determining the x and y coordinates of each corner/vertex and plugging those values into a formula. An example problem demonstrates applying the coordinate method to calculate the area of a triangle given its vertices' coordinates. A second example problem uses the coordinate method to calculate the area of a closed traverse with distance and bearing provided between stations.

Uploaded by

BryanHarold Broo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views6 pages

8 DETERMINING AREA by COORDINATES PDF

This document discusses two methods for calculating the area of land - plane surveying and geodetic surveying. It then describes using the coordinate method to calculate the area of any closed figure bounded by straight lines. The coordinate method involves determining the x and y coordinates of each corner/vertex and plugging those values into a formula. An example problem demonstrates applying the coordinate method to calculate the area of a triangle given its vertices' coordinates. A second example problem uses the coordinate method to calculate the area of a closed traverse with distance and bearing provided between stations.

Uploaded by

BryanHarold Broo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

AREA by COORDINATES

The method of determining areas of land in plane surveying differs from that by geodetic
surveying. In plane surveying, the area is not the actual area of the land surface but is taken as its
projection upon a horizontal plane. Areas of large tracts of land such as a country or a continent
are obtained by geodetic surveying. Such areas are taken as the projection of the tract upon the
earth’s spheroidal surface at mean sea level. (La Putt, J. 1987)

The method of coordinates is another useful tool for computing the area of any closed figure
bounded by straight lines. In geometry, coordinates are the x’s (abscissa) and y’s (ordinate) values
of a point. We could deduced those values as total latitudes (y-projection) and total departures
(x-projection) of each corners (vertices) for plane surveying.

Derivation of FORMULA:
Where:

X1, X2, X3, … , Xn = abscissa (x-values)

Y1, Y2, Y3, … , Yn = ordinates (y-values)

Note: The last values on the above matrix must


always be equal to the first coordinate,
for it to calculate an area.

A=
1
2
{+[(Y1)(X2)+(Y2)(X3)+(Y3)(X4)+...+(Yn)(X1)]–[(X1)(Y2)+(X2)(Y3)+(X3)(Y4)+...+(Xn)(Y1)]}

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM:

E1) Given in the figure is a triangle having the coordinates of its vertices. Determine the area of
the triangle using coordinate method.

SOLUTION: AREA by COORDINATES


Using:
For the computation portion, multiply the corresponding values
necessary (both upward and downward) as illustrated

Choose which direction will be positive and negative, in this case,


upward positive and downward negative

Then;

A= {+[(Y1)(X2)+(Y2)(X3)+(Y3)(X4)+...+(Yn)(X1)]–[(X1)(Y2)+(X2)(Y3)+(X3)(Y4)+...+(Xn)(Y1)]}
1
2
Substitute values:

1
A=
2
{+[(4)(5) + (12)(10) + (3)(1)]–[(1)(12) + (5)(3) + (10)(4)]}

1
A= [+ (20 + 120 + 3) – (12 + 15 + 40)]
2
1 1
A= [+ (143) – (67)] = (76)
2 2

A = 38 sq. units

CHECKING: by GEOMETRY (Heron’s Formula – given all sides)


To solve the Area using Heron’s Formula, all sides of the triangle must be known.

A TRIANGLE = √s (s − a) (s − b) (s − c)
where:
a , b , c = sides of the triangle
a+b+c semi-perimeter
s=
2

Determining each sides of the triangle (d1, d2, d3) using the given coordinates of points.
Solving distance between two points:

Distance, d = √(Y2 − Y1 )2 + (X2 − X1 )2


Then,
d1 = √(YB − YA )2 + (X B − X A )2
= √(12 − 4)2 + (5 − 1)2
= √(8)2 + (4)2
d1 = 4√5 units

d2 = √(YC − YB )2 + (X C − X B )2
= √(3 − 12)2 + (10 − 5)2
= √(−9)2 + (5)2
d2 = √106 units

d3 = √(YA − YC )2 + (X A − X C )2
= √(4 − 3)2 + (1 − 10)2
= √(−1)2 + (−9)2
d3 = √82 units
And;
a+b+c d1 +d2 +d3
semi-perimeter, s = =
2 2

4√5 + √106 + √82


s= = 14.14764359 units
2
Thus:
A TRIANGLE = √s (s − d1 ) (s − d2 ) (s − d3 )
= √14.1476 (14.1476 − 4√5) (14.1476 − √106) (14.1476 − √82)

A = 38 sq. units
E2) The following is a closed traverse note taken by a survey party. Assume that the land property
was measured carefully and thoroughly with minimal and negligible errors produced (as to no
need to apply corrections). Determine the area of the land in hectares (ha.) not considering the
effect of earth’ s curvature using coordinate method.

LINE DISTANCE BEARING


1-2 650 m N 53007’48.37” E
2-3 480 m N 67022’48.49” W
3-4 200 m S 22037’11.51” W
4-1 390 m Due SOUTH

SOLUTION: AREA by COORDINATES

(1) Illustration of the closed traverse given the following data.

(2) To determine the coordinates of the corners (1-2-3-4-1) of the land property, use
the equivalent total departures and total latitudes of each points respectively.
Also, for simplicity of solution, always assume first corner to have a coordinate
equal to x = 0 , y = 0 or ( 0 , 0).

LINE DISTANCE BEARING DEPARTURE LATITUDE


1-2 650 m N 53007’48.37” E + 520.00 + 390.00
2-3 480 m N 67022’48.49” W – 443.08 + 184.62
3-4 200 m S 22037’11.51” W – 76.92 – 184.62
4-1 390 m Due SOUTH 0 – 390.00
Note: Use the sign convention: N (+) , S (–) and E (+) , W (–).

STATION COORDINATES
(Corners) TOTAL DEPARTURE ( X ) TOTAL LATITUDE ( Y )
1 0 0
0 + 520.00 0 + 390
2
= 520.00 = 390.00
0 + 520 + (– 443.08) 0 + 390 + 184.62
3
= 76.92 = 574.62
0 + 520 + (– 443.08) + (– 76.92) 0 + 390 + 184.62 + (– 184.62)
4
=0 = 390.00
0 + 390 + 184.62 + (– 184.62) + (– 390.00)
1 0
=0
COORDINATE
STATION (Corner)
(x,y)

1 (0,0)
2 ( 520 , 390 )
3 ( 76.92 , 574.62 )
4 ( 0 , 390 )
1 (0,0)

(3) Rewrite the coordinates into matrix form and equate to area.

(4) Proceed in solving the required area by substituting values into the
formula.

A=
1
2
{+[(Y1)(X2)+(Y2)(X3)+(Y3)(X4)+(Y4)(X5)]–[(X1)(Y2)+(X2)(Y3)+(X3)(Y4)+(X4)(Y5)]}
1
A= {+[(0x520)+(390x76.92)+(574.62x0)+(360x0)]–[(0x390)+(520x574.62)+(76.92x390)+(0x0)]}
2
1
A= [+ (0 + 30000 + 0 + 0) – (0 + 298800 + 30000 + 0)]
2

1 1
A= [+ (30000) – (328800)] = (–298800) → consider absolute value
2 2
1
A= (298800) = 149400 sq. meters
2

(5) Converting result from m2 to ha. ( 1 ha. = 10,000 m2 )

1 ha.
A = 149400 m2 x
10,000 m2
A = 14.94 ha.
PRACTICE PROBLEM:
Try to resolve example problem on Area by DPD/DMD and check whether equal
result could be obtain.

You might also like