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The 9th ISUZU WORLD TECHNICAL COMPETITION

（ I-1 Grand Prix）
Category B
Written Competition Exam Sheet

English

【Summary of Written Competition】

 There are 25 questions to be answered within 75 minutes.

 All answers should be written on the answer sheet written in your native language.

 Write down your name and seat number (A or B) on the written competition exam sheet and

the answer sheet.

 Each question has four answer choices. Choose the answer that you think is most correct

and write a ”” or ”” on the answer sheet.

 During the written competition, verbal communication between contestants, and between

contestants and the team coach, is prohibited.

 When a contestant wishes to make communication with the team coach or any question, the

contestant shall raise his/ her right hand.

 Start the competition after the announcement for starting the competition is given by the

judge.

 When the judge announces the end of the exam, put everything down on the table, and turn

the exam sheet over.

Q-1 Choose the appropriate description related to flutter phenomenon in piston rings
(compression rings).
1. Flutter phenomenon can easily occur at low engine speeds.
2. Flutter phenomenon can easily occur when combustion products such as carbon and sludge
accumulate in the groove of the piston ring.
3. Flutter phenomenon can easily occur due to overheating.
4. Flutter phenomenon can easily occur when the expansion strength of the piston ring
(compression ring) gets lower.

Correct answer: 4
Explanation: Fluttering is a phenomenon when the piston ring (compression ring) causes
abnormal vibrations in the ring groove of the piston. It easily occurs when the expansion strength
of the piston ring gets lower.

Q-2 The following chart compares the components of exhaust gas from gasoline
engines and diesel engines. Choose the appropriate combination.
Components of Exhaust Gas
NOX PM CO HC
(nitrogen oxides) (particulate matter) (carbon monoxide) （hydrocarbons）
High Low High Low High Low High Low
Gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline
1
engine engine engine engine engine engine engine engine
Diesel Gasoline Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Gasoline Diesel
2
engine engine engine engine engine engine engine engine
Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Diesel
3
engine engine engine engine engine engine engine engine
Gasoline Diesel Gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline Diesel Gasoline
4
engine engine engine engine engine engine engine engine

Correct answer: 2
Explanation: When the components of exhaust gas are compared for gasoline engines and
diesel engines, diesel engines have higher NOX (nitrogen oxides) and PM (particulate matter)
and lower CO (carbon monoxide) and HC (hydrocarbons) than gasoline engines.

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Q-3 Choose the appropriate description related to the API (American Petroleum Institute)
categories for engine oil.
1. The “CA” grade engine oil in the API service categories meets more rigorous driving
conditions than “CF” grade engine oil.
2. The “D” in the “CD” grade engine oil in the API service categories refers to engine oil for
diesel engines.
3. “CE” grade engine oil can be used in an engine specified to use “CD” grade oil in the API
service categories.
4. “SF” grade engine oil can be used in an engine specified to use “CE” grade oil in the API
service categories.

Correct answer: 3
Explanation:
1. The second alphabet in oil grade indicates that the oil is of better quality and meets more
rigorous driving conditions as the letters become closer to “Z” such as “A” – “B” – “C” – “D”.
2. For the first letter of the engine oil category, “S” indicates oil for gasoline engines and “C”
indicates oil for diesel engines. The second letter indicates the oil grade.
3. “CE” meets more rigorous driving conditions than “CD”, and “CE” engine oil can be used in
an engine that specifies “CD” engine oil.
4. Since “SF” is oil for gasoline engines, it is strictly prohibited to use “SF” in diesel engines.

Q-4 Choose the appropriate crankshaft rotation angle to set cylinder #1 at the
compression top dead center when the intake valve and exhaust valve of each
cylinder of a 4JJ1 engine are in the states indicated below. The timing for
opening/closing of the valves and the ignition order are indicated below.

[States of the intake valve and exhaust valve of each cylinder]

Cylinder #1 Cylinder #2 Cylinder #3 Cylinder #4
Intake valve Closed Closed Closed Open
Exhaust valve Open Open Closed Closed

[Timing for opening/closing 4JJ1 valves]

Open 13°before top dead center (BTDC)
Intake valve
Closed 41° after bottom dead center (ABDC)
Open 52° before bottom dead center (BBDC)
Exhaust valve
Closed 6° after top dead center (ATDC)
Ignition order 1-3-4-2

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1. 508°
2. 573°
3. 630°
4. 688°

Correct answer: 2
Explanation:
From the open and closed state of the cylinder valves and the ignition order, we can tell that the
strokes for each cylinder is as follows; cylinder #1  combustion cycle, cylinder #2  exhaust
cycle, cylinder #3  compression cycle, cylinder #4  intake cycle. Also, since the intake valve
is closed and the exhaust valve is open for both cylinder #1 and #2, these valve states are when
cylinder #1 is within the range of BBDC 52° to 13° of combustion cycle. To set cylinder #1 to the
compression top dead center from this state, it is necessary to rotate the crankshaft between
553° and 592°. Therefore, the answer indicating the correct rotation angle between 553° and
592° is only No.2 above.
52° CA
592°
13° CA
553°
Cylinder IN
#1 EX
Cylinder IN
#2 EX
Cylinder IN
#3 EX
Cylinder IN
#4 EX
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Cylinder #1 0° CA 180° CA 360° CA 540° CA 720°(0°) CA
crank angle (compression (compression
top dead center) top dead center)

Q-5 Choose the appropriate combination of (a) to (c) in the following sentence related to
the fuel temperature sensor of an electronically controlled common rail diesel
engine.
Since the engine performance is affected by the fuel density, it is necessary to (a) the fuel
injection amount to make up for the low density when the fuel temperature is high. A NTC
(negative temperature coefficient) thermistor is used to detect this fuel temperature. When the
temperature is high, the resistance becomes (b), and the voltage input to the control unit
becomes (c).

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 (a) (b) (c)
1. decrease high high
2. increase low high
3. increase low low
4. decrease low low

Correct answer: 3
Explanation: Since the engine performance is affected by the fuel density, it is necessary to
increase the fuel injection amount to make up for the low density when the fuel temperature is
high. A NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor is used to detect this fuel temperature.
When the temperature is high, the resistance becomes low, and the voltage input to the control
unit becomes also low.

Q-6 Rough idling has occurred in a common rail type inline four cylinder diesel engine
and diagnosis was performed on the vehicle using a scan tool. Choose the
inappropriate description for the next task to perform based on the inspection
results indicated below. Assume there is no internal problem in the ECM.

[DTC Inspection Result]

DTC recorded in the ECM None

[Actuator Test Inspection Result]

Actuator test Injector #1 Injector #2 Injector #3 Injector #4
Cylinder balance test Failure OK OK Failure
Injector forced drive OK OK OK OK

1. Inspect the valve clearance of each cylinder.

2. Inspect the injection compensation amount for each injector on the data display.
3. Use a multimeter to inspect the resistance values for each injector.
4. Inspect the compression pressure of each cylinder.

Correct answer: 3
Explanation: Since no DTC was recorded and the inspection result for injector forced drive
showed normal results, we can assume that there is no injector open circuit.

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Q-7 The gauge needles moved to as shown in the right side figure of “Measurement
value” when measuring the gear inner diameter using a cylinder gauge. Choose the
appropriate reading for the measurement. Before performing the measurement, the
0 point was adjusted at 53.00 mm.

Cylinder
gauge
indicator

0 point adjustment Measurement value

1. 51.88 mm
2. 52.88 mm
3. 53.12 mm
4. 54.12 mm

Correct answer: 3
Explanation: One scale mark for the long needle is 0.01 mm, and one scale mark for the short
needle is 1 mm. The movement of the long needle is 0.12 mm on the negative side, and the
movement of the short needle is less than 1 mm. Since this means the needle moved to the
negative side (= larger than the reference value), the correct answer is 53.12 mm, which is the
reference value plus 0.12mm.

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Q-8 Abnormal sound was heard from around the transmission in an N*R vehicle with
MYY6P or MZZ, and then a test drive was performed for inspection. Choose the
appropriate location of the problem that can be assumed from the following
inspection results.

[Inspection Results]
1. The abnormal sound cannot be confirmed during vehicle stopped under idling condition with
the clutch pedal depressed (when the power is cut off), but the abnormal sound can be
confirmed when the clutch pedal is not depressed (when power is transferred).
2. As a result of performing a shift change with the vehicle running, the abnormal sound can be
constantly heard when the vehicle is running in a gear position other than 5th gear, but the
abnormal sound is not heard when the vehicle is running in 5th gear (direct drive).

1. Rotation problem of the counter shaft taper roller bearing

2. Rotation problem of the needle roller bearing for R, 1st to 4th gears, and 6th gear
3. Rotation problem of the input shaft (top shaft) needle roller bearing
4. Rotation problem of the pilot bearing

Correct answer: 3
Explanation: The input shaft needle roller bearing does not rotate only when power is cut off with
the vehicle stopped and when the vehicle is running in 5th gear (direct drive).
1. If there is a rotation problem with the counter shaft taper roller bearing, the abnormal sound
can always be heard regardless of the gear position, except when power is cut off with the
vehicle stopped.
2. If there is a rotation problem with the needle roller bearing for R, 1st to 4th gears, and 6th
gear, the abnormal sound can always be heard regardless of the gear position, except when
power is cut off with the vehicle stopped.
4. If there is a rotation problem with the pilot bearing, the abnormal sound can be heard when
the power is cut off.

Q-9 Choose the inappropriate description of a way to use measuring tools.

1. A straight edge is used to measure the protrusion amount of the cylinder liner.
2. A cylinder gauge is used to measure the inner diameter of a timing gear.
3. A dial gauge is used to measure the backlash of a gear.
4. A plastigauge is used to measure the oil clearance between the crankpin and the connecting
rod bearing.

Correct answer: 1
Explanation: A dial gauge is used to measure the protrusion amount of the cylinder liner.
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Q-10 An engine starting problem occurs in a vehicle with the following starter circuit.
Choose the appropriate cause of the problem that can be assumed from the
measured voltage of each terminal, shown below.

[Circuit Diagram]

Starter
switch Starter
relay
(24V) Magnetic switch

[Measured Voltage]
Between Between Between Between
Starter switch
terminal B and terminal C terminal B and terminal M
state
GND and GND terminal M and GND

OFF 24V 0V 24V 0V

ON 24V 24V 0V 24V

1. Open circuit in the armature coil

2. Defective connection with the contact plate
3. Defective starter relay
4. Open circuit in the pull-in coil

Correct answer: 1
Explanation: As a result of measuring the voltage, it can be assumed that answers other than an
open circuit in the armature coil are inappropriate.

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Q-11 Choose the inappropriate description related to a vehicle with the following wiper
operation circuit. Assume there are no resistance in the wires, and no contact resistance
in the connectors and switches.

[Circuit Diagram]
Battery

Chassis Relay Box Wiper & Washer Switch

(Combination Switch)
STARTER SW 1
40A

WIPER & H/AC

60A

Starter switch
Front Washer Motor

Intermittent Relay

Cab Junction Block

METER
10A

IGNITION 1
15A

Key On Relay WIPER

15A

Wiper Main Relay Wiper High/Low Relay

Front Wiper Motor

Cab Cab
(Front-RH) (Front-LH)

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1. Even if the intermittent relay fails, wiper HI and LO will operate.
2. When the wiper switch is at INT, the wiper motor operates at LO.
3. When the wiper operates at LO, the terminal voltage of wiper switch B188 pin 12 is 24V.
4. If there is an open circuit in the wiper High/Low relay coil, the wiper motor will not operate
when the wiper switch is changed to HI.

Correct answer: 4
Explanation: Even if there is an open coil circuit in the wiper High/Low relay, the wiper motor will
operate at LO when the wiper switch is changed to HI.

Q-12 Choose the appropriate description related to load sensing proportioning valve
(LSPV).
1. If the input fluid pressure from the front brake side of the master cylinder is lower than a
specified level, the brake fluid pressure supplying to the rear wheel cylinders are not
decreased, regardless of the vehicle load.
2. The brake fluid pressure supplying to the rear wheel cylinders are decreased depending on
the vehicle load, regardless of the input fluid pressure from the front brake side of the master
cylinder.
3. If the input fluid pressure from the rear brake side of the master cylinder is high, the brake
fluid pressure supplying to the rear wheel cylinders are not decreased, regardless of the
vehicle load.
4. The brake fluid pressure supplying to the rear wheel cylinders are decreased depending on
the input fluid pressure from the front brake side of the master cylinder, regardless of the
vehicle load.

Correct answer: 1
Explanation: The load sensing proportioning valve (LSPV) decreases the brake fluid pressure
supplying to the rear wheel cylinders depending on the vehicle load, when the input fluid
pressure from the front brake side of the master cylinder becomes higher than a specified level.
And, if the input fluid pressure from the front brake side of the master cylinder is lower than a
specified level, the brake fluid pressure supplying to the rear wheel cylinders are not decreased,
regardless of the vehicle load.

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Q-13 Choose the inappropriate description related to the symptoms when the tire air
pressure is lower than the specified value.
1. The tire temperature increases, which can cause uneven wear and bursting.
2. The vehicle behavior will become unstable when the vehicle is running.
3. The standing wave phenomenon will occur more easily when the vehicle is running at low
speeds rather than at high speeds.
4. Tire rotation resistance will increase, causing low fuel economy.
Correct answer: 3
Explanation: The standing wave phenomenon that is caused when the tire air pressure is lower
than a specified value occurs more easily when running at high speeds rather than low speeds.

Q-14 In the leading-trailing shoe type drum brake indicated below, choose the area where
the contact pressure of the brake drum and brake shoe will be highest when the
brake is operated.

Brake cam
ﾌﾞﾚｰｷｶﾑ
1. A
2. B
Drum rotation direction

3. C
4. D

Correct answer: 4

Anchor pin
ｱﾝｶ・ﾋﾟﾝ

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Q-15 Choose the appropriate description related to the following heating & ventilator
circuit.

[Circuit Diagram]

Battery
Chassis Relay Box
Starter switch
Starter SW 2
30A

Starter SW 1
40A

Wiper & H/AC

60A

Cab Junction Block

IGNITION 2
15A

Blower Motor Relay

Blower Motor
20A

Fuse (10A)

Heater A/C
Control Panel

Fan Control Switch

Blower Resistor

Blower Motor

Frame
(Front-LH)

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1. If the blower resistor B13 pin 1 has a defective connection, the blower motor will not rotate
when the fan control switch is set to HI.
2. If the blower resistor B13 pin 2 has a defective connection, the blower motor will not rotate
when the fan control switch is set to M1.
3. If the blower resistor B13 pin 3 has a defective connection, the blower motor will not rotate
when the fan control switch is set to M2.
4. If the blower resistor B13 pin 4 has a defective connection, the blower motor will not rotate
when the fan control switch is set to LO.

Correct answer: 4
Explanation:
Fan Control Switch Operation
OFF LO M1 M2 HI
Defective connection in No No No No Rotates at
B13 pin 1 rotation rotation rotation rotation HI
Defective connection in No Rotates Rotates at Rotates at Rotates at
B13 pin 2 rotation at LO LO M2 HI
Defective connection in No Rotates Rotates at Rotates at Rotates at
B13 pin 3 rotation at LO M1 LO HI
Defective connection in No No Rotates at Rotates at Rotates at
B13 pin 4 rotation rotation M1 M2 HI

Q-16 When the starter motor is rotated with two 12V batteries connected in series, the
current was 250A and the voltage was 19.2V. Choose the appropriate total internal
resistance of these batteries.
1. 0.0096Ω
2. 0.0192Ω
3. 0.0768Ω
4. 0.0960Ω

Correct answer: 2
Explanation: （24 - 19.2）/ 250 = 0.0192Ω

Q-17 Diagnosis was performed on a vehicle with the following circuit using a
multimeter, because the left stop light did not turn on. Choose the appropriate cause of
problem that can be assumed from these inspection results. The watts for the tail/stop
light bulb are indicated below. Assume that there is no wire resistance and connector
connection resistance.

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[Circuit Diagram]

Battery
Chassis Relay Box

STARTER SW 1
40A

HEAD LAMP
50A

Cab Junction Block

LAMPS (BATT)
10A

Stoplight Relay Stoplight (LH)

STOP LAMP
10A

Taillight (LH)
(Rear Combination Light)
Taillight Relay
TAIL LAMPS
10A

Stoplight (RH)

Stoplight
Switch
Combination Lighting
Switch Switch
Taillight (RH)
(Rear Combination Light)

Cab Cab
Frame
(Front-LH) (Front-RH)
(Front-Center)

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[Bulb Watts]
Light Watts
Tail/stop 5/21W

[Inspection Results]
Continuity
Measurement condition Voltage inspection
inspection
Between J73 Between J73 Between J73 Between J73
Taillight Stoplight
pin 1 pin 2 pin 6 pin 6
switch switch
and GND and GND and GND and GND
ON OFF Approx. 24V Approx. 3.9V Approx. 0V Approx. 0Ω
ON ON Approx. 24V Approx. 24V Approx. 0V Approx. 0Ω

1. Poor GND connection with the left taillight/stoplight bulb socket

2. Defective contact point of the stoplight switch
3. Defective contact point of the stoplight relay (between X1 pin 1 and X1 pin 2)
4. Open circuit in the left stoplight bulb filament

Correct answer: 1
Explanation: 0V should be indicated because the stoplight switch is OFF, but since there is no
GND connection with the left taillight and stoplight bulb socket, a series circuit is established (J73
pin 1  J73 pin 2  J74 pin 2  GND), which is causing J73 pin 2 to indicate approx. 3.9V.
[Calculation Formula]
Taillight bulb resistance value； 24V / (5W / 24V) = 115.2Ω
Stoplight bulb resistance value； 24V / (21W / 24V) = 27.4285... Ω≈ 27.429Ω
Current flowing in the established circuit； 24V / (115.2Ω+ 27.428Ω+ 27.428Ω) = 0.141...A
J73 pin 2 terminal voltage when the stoplight switch is OFF； 24V - {0.1411A * (115.2Ω+
27.428Ω)} = 3.889452… ≈ 3.9V
2. When there is a defective contact point of the stoplight switch, the voltage of J73 pin 2 will be
0V when the stoplight switch is ON.
3. When there is a defective contact point of the stoplight relay (between X1 pin 1 and X1 pin 2),
the voltage of J73 pin 2 will be 0V when the stoplight switch is ON.
4. If there is an open circuit in the left stoplight bulb filament, the voltage of J73 pin 2 will be 0V
when the stoplight switch is OFF.

15
Q-18 Choose the inappropriate description related to the handling of the vehicle
mentioned in the N*R Owner's Manual.

1. When loading cargo on the rear body, it is necessary to secure

it with a rope and tarpaulins to prevent it from falling, but
securing it with excessive force may cause the gates and guard
frame to be damaged.

2. When parking the vehicle on a slope, never forget to apply the

parking brake, place chock blocks for the wheels, and keep a
direction of steering wheel to stop by some obstacles such as
curbstones or edge stones, in case of unexpected vehicle
movement.

3. When loading a heavy object that is longer than the length of

the rear body of a vehicle with a flat body, support it at only two
points, the front guard frame and the rear edge of the cargo
bed.

4. If you cannot avoid waterway driving, first check the depth of

the water and then drive through the flooded area at a slow,
constant speed.

Correct answer: 3
Explanation
3. When loading a heavy object that is longer than the length of
the rear body of a vehicle with a flat body, use trestles
(supports) and avoid only two-point support using the front
guard frame and the rear edge of the cargo bed.

16
Q-19 Choose the appropriate description related to the exhaust gas of diesel engines.
1. If a complete combustion is achieved, the amount of NOX (nitrogen oxides) emission is
small.
2. The main harmful chemical included in blow-by gas is CO (carbon monoxide).
3. The lower the combustion temperature, the more NOX (nitrogen oxides) is emitted.
4. An EGR system reduces NOX (nitrogen oxides).

Correct answer: 4
Explanation:
1. If a complete combustion is achieved, the amount of NOX (nitrogen oxides) emission is
large.
2. The main harmful chemical included in blow-by gas is HC (hydrocarbons).
3. The lower the combustion temperature, the less NOX (nitrogen oxides) is emitted.

Q-20 Choose the appropriate combination of caliper and micrometer measurement

values indicated below. Assume that the measurement lines of the caliper main
scale and vernier are in exact alignment as indicated by the arrow mark below.

Measurement value
Caliper Micrometer

0.05mm

Caliper Micrometer
1. 13.35 mm 12.70 mm
2. 27.35 mm 12.70 mm
3. 13.35 mm 12.20 mm
4. 27.35 mm 12.20 mm

Correct answer: 1

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Q-21 Choose the inappropriate description for the cause of gearshift difficulty (hard
shifting) while driving a manual transmission vehicle.
1. Excessive play of the clutch pedal
2. Wear on the synchronizer ring (shift block)
3. Wear on the clutch facing
4. Misadjusted gear control cable

Correct answer: 3
Explanation: Wear on the clutch facing is the cause of slipping, but is not a cause of gearshift
difficulty (hard shifting).

Q-22 Choose the appropriate description related to generators.

1. The B terminal voltage of the generator is about the same voltage as the battery when the
engine is operating and will become 0V when the engine stops.
2. The generator controls the current flowing into the rotor coil and adjusts the output voltage.
3. The generator converts the three-phase alternating current generated at the stator coil into
direct current by performing full-wave rectification using three diodes.
4. The transistors used in the IC type voltage regulator convert the alternating current
generated at the stator coil of the generator into direct current.

Correct answer: 2
Explanation:
1. The B terminal of the generator is the same voltage as the battery when the engine is
stopped but is higher than the battery voltage because it is rectified after the engine starts.
3. The generator converts the three-phase alternating current generated at the stator coil into
direct current by performing full-wave rectification using six diodes.
4. The transistors used in the IC type voltage regulator control the current flowing in the rotor
coil by repeatedly switching the current ON and OFF according to the voltage generated by
the stator coil.

Q-23 Choose the appropriate description related to wheel alignment.

1. When the caster angle is increased, the vehicle turning radius decreases.
2. The kingpin incline angle is the angle between the center of the kingpin and the center of the
tire when viewing the vehicle from the front.
3. As the camber angle approaches to zero, the camber thrust increases.
4. With a rigid type front axle, the camber angle does not change much even if the vehicle body
rolls when turning and the suspension of the outer side of the turn sinks.

Correct answer: 4

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Explanation:
1. The turning radius does not change even if the caster angle increases.
2. The kingpin incline angle is the angle between the center of the kingpin and the vertical line
relative to the ground when viewing the vehicle from the front.
3. As the camber angle is decreased, the camber thrust decreases.

Q-24 Choose the inappropriate description related to scan tools and control unit that
conform to ISO and SAE standards.
1. Actuators do not normally operate or stop without meeting certain conditions. With an
actuator test, actuators are forced to operate or stop using a scan tool.
2. When freeze frame data is cleared with a scan tool, the DTC (diagnostic trouble codes)
stored in the ECM and the learned values stored in the ECM are cleared.
3. For DTC, a location of failure is indicated by an alphabet letter which shows the portion of
failure, and subsequent four alphanumeric characters.
4. The scan tool displays the location with a problem and the state of the vehicle by
communicating with the control unit in the vehicle.

Correct answer: 2
Explanation: Even if the freeze frame data is cleared, the learned values recorded in the ECM
are not cleared.

Q-25 When an adapter was attached and tightened with a torque wrench as indicated by
the illustration, the value of the torque wrench was 48Nm. Choose the appropriate
tightening torque for the nut.

1. 31.2Nm
2. 62.4Nm
3. 73.8Nm
4. 84.5Nm

Correct answer: 2
Explanation: 0.5 : 48 = 0.65 : X X = 62.4Nm

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