Abstract—Currently, brushless direct current (BLDC)
motors are becoming popular in electric vehicles, automation
systems and industrial applications. Basically, the BLDC motors
are a special type of electronically controlled electric motor
systems. In fact, the successful advancement of electronic
technology has made these motors a reality. Without an
electronic controller, it is impracticable to run this motor. Thus,
it is easily conceivable that the motor controller plays an
important role in the overall performance of BLDC motors.
Many types of controllers have already been developed for these
motors. However, poor efficiency, complexity, bulky size, slow
response time, etc. are still challenging tasks to solve these
problems. Various algorithms are proposed for designing the
controller. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is
the most common control system for the BLDC motor. If the
PID controller is modified with a new algorithm, better results
can be obtained from the BLDC motor. In this study, a Flower
Pollination Algorithm (FPA) has been proposed for the
controller to control the speed of BLDC motor. The best
outcome of this research is stable is speed and reduce rising time.
This study was done by using MATLAB/ Simulink software.
The results show a new direction in the improvement of the
controller design.
Index terms—BLDC, motor, FPA, speed control, PID
controller.
I. INTRODUCTION
The modern era is the era of the industrial revolution
which started with the invention of motors and electric engine.
With time, several types of motors were invented and can be
classified into two main categories: AC motors and DC
motors. However, generally, two types of DC motors are used
in industrial applications. In the first type, magnetic flux is
generated by the electrical energy through the field coil of
static pole structure, and in the second type which is different
to the wire-wound field poles, permanent magnet supplies the
required flux [1]. A Brushless BLDC motor does not apply
any brush for to commute rather an electronic process
commute those. The recent trend shows that high-performance
of the BLDC motor technologies is hugely used for variable
speed drive in the worldwide industrial applications and
electric vehicles. Different current control arrangements are
proposed for the speed control plan of BLDC motor that needs
control drive [2]. It might be that adaptive PID controller
calculation is straightforward, steady with simple alteration
and high unwavering quality, conventional speed control
framework is utilized in customary adaptive PID control [3].
The most modern procedures come with various degrees
of nonlinear, parameter fluctuation and vulnerability of the
numerical model of the framework. Figure 1 shown basic
motor control system.
Fig. 1. Basic bloskdiagram of a BLDC motor control system.
The tuning PID control parameters are not that simple.
Therefore, getting the optimal position under the examined
fields would be challenging [4]. This study proposed an
adaptive PID controller through modification of some
changes, which, if appreciated accordingly, may increase the
control speed of BLDC motors. Better implementation of an
adaptive PID controller system requires to function and
mathematical development. At the same time, a set of
principles are applied for KP, Ki and Kd for the PID controller
[5-6]. By utilizing the present principles, the proposed
modified controller would be restructured to any adjusting
dimension. The present work aims to show the dynamic
feedback of speedy tuning that comes out from the proposed
modified FPA speed controller. It may facilitate the BLDC
motor torque, speed controlling and help the motors to be in
constant motion while the load changes. The simulation and
the finding have shown the function of FPA speed controller
that would offer more advanced control performance than the
basic PID controllers.
II. BLDC MOTOR BASICS
The brushless DC motor (BLDC) is a synchronous electric
motor, which, from a displaying viewpoint, resembles a DC
motor. It displays a straight relationship from one perspective
among current and torque, and then again between back-e.m.f.
and turn speed. It is an electronically controlled compensation
framework, while brushed motors have a mechanical
