Topic I - Introduction to the “History of Azerbaijan”.

The structure of primitive and ancient

states in Azerbaijan
1. The history of the human development is divided into the following periods:
A) Stone, Bronze and Iron ages
B) ages of Copper, Iron and Bronze
C) Copper-Stone age, Bronze and Iron ages
D) Periods of Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic
E) Periods of Paleolithic, Bronze and Iron
2. Choose the conditions that allowed people to settle in the territory of Azerbaijan:
1) existence of drinking water resources
2) wealth of flora and fauna
3) continued existence of the primitive system
4) abundance of flint
5) presence of natural caves
A) 1, 2, 5
B) 3, 4, 5
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 2, 3, 4
E) 2, 1, 5
3. In mesolithic age was invented:
A) bow and arrow
B) instruments of labour made of bronze
C) weapons made of copper
D) sharp spear
E) instruments of labour made of iron
4. The centralized state of Mannai was located:
A) around lake Urmia
B) in the north of the Caspian Sea
C) in the Kura-Araz lowland
D) on the Iranian plateau
E) in the South of the Caspian Sea
5. When the Mannai`s independence was finished:
A) in 590 B.D.
B) in 884 B.D.
C) in 843 B.D.
D) in 593 B.D.
E) in 550 B.D.
6. Atropatena emerged:
A) in the south of Azerbaijan
B) in the Kura-Araz lowland
C) on the Iranian plateau
D) in the north-east of Azerbaijan
E) around lake Urmiya
7. Atropatena became an independent in:
A) 321 B. C
B) 331 B. C
C) 330 B. C
D) 323 B. C
E) 334 B. C
8. Population of Atropatena confessed to:
A) Zoroastrianism
B) Islam
C) Buddism
D) Manichaeism
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E) Christianity
9. When was created sovereign Albania state:
A) in the end IV century B.D – beginning III century B.D.
B) in the middle IV century B.D.
C) in the end III century B.D.
D) in the middle II century B.D.
E) in the end II century B.D. – beginning I century B.D.
10. The first mention across of Mannai :
A) in the mix of inscription of Assyria
B) in epos of En-Merkar
C) in Urartu sources
D) in Shumer inscriptions
E) in “Avesta”
TOPIC II - Azerbaijan in the period of feudalism
11. What was state in the union against Arabian Caliphate with Javanshir:
A) Byzantine Empire
B) the western Hun
C) Khazar khanate
D) the western Roman Empire
E) Sassanids state
12. The reasons of return of Javanshir from fight wifh arabs on Ikichayarasi fight:
A) uselessness of fight against Arabs
B) planning of the plan of a suicide by big lords
C) disconted of Sassanid from a Javanshir
D) loss of military power in fight against Arabs
E) beginning of negotiations with Arabs
13. What did Javanshir do to adjust relations with Arabs in the 7th century at the end of 60 years?
A) went twice to Sham to meet with Caliph
B) declared Islamic religion the state religion in Albania
C) distributed lands to Muslim feudal lords
D) declared Albania as a Caliphate`s province
E) increased number of taxes
14. Whom did Javanshir defeat in 662:
A) Khazars
B) Huns
C) Arabs
D) Irans feuds
E) Byzantine
15. Objectives included in the migration policy of the Sassanids:
1) create their ethnic support
2) to overcome the current population density in the Iran
3) to provide Iranian peasants with land, fertile land
4) to provide Zoroastrianism temples with religious leaders
A) 1,3
B) 1,2
C) 3,4
D) 2,4
E) 1,4
16. Aguen church council agreed:
1) The laws of the Christian religious
2) The laws regarding the liquidation of Zoroastrianism
3) The law to the determination the amount of taxes
4) The decision that allows the persecution of pagans
A) 1,3
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B) 2,3
C) 1,2
D) 2,4
E) 1,5
17. Government of dynasty of Mehranids in Albania started:
A) At the beginning of VII century
B) At the beginning of VIII century
C) In the middle of VI century
D) At the end of V century
E) At the end of IV century
18. Period of reign of Sasanids small and middle feuds was called:
A) azats
B) patriks
C) xostaks
D) dehqans
E) gezits
19. Principal feudal lords in Albania are called as:
A) patriks
B) dehgans
C) azads
D) dastakerts
E) shinakans
20. The feature that distinguishes the feudal relations in Azerbaijan from feudalism in Western
Europe:
A) feudal lords had almost no personal economy
B) feudal lords seized all holdings of the peasants, making the peasants dependent on themselves
C) feudal society emerged later
D) the binding of the peasants to plots of land gained a mass scale
E) peasants were legally independent
TOPIC III - Azerbaijan in the structure of Arabian Caliphate
21. Ways of creation of arabs in Azerbaijan of the entrusted support:
A) many Arab families from Arabistan forced to move here
B) forced to accept Islam to local population
C) sent local guys to military service to other places
D) put life taxes on population
E) increased number of taxes
22. At the beginning without having experience of management whose experience of management
did Arabs use?
A) Sassanids`
B) Romans`
C) Greeks`
D) Arshakids`
E) Albanians`
23. During the ruling of the Caliphate, the Azerbaijani Muslims were released of a tax of :
A) jizya
B) kharaj
C) zakat
D) khums
E) kharaq
24. Private lands were:
A) for martyrs and who fight for religion, sacred place, and holy cities in muslim world
B) for owners who can use own lands the way they want to use
C) for arabs who came from Arab countries
D) for the privileged layer of the Sassanid Empire
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E) for arab leaders
25. In summer of 837 Afshin:
A) came to Bazz castle and joined last battle with Babek
B) occupied Bazz castle without battle
C) surrounded Hamadan
D) asked for help from khazar for the purpose of completing siege of Bazz castle
E) came to Tabriz
26. One of the main slogans of the Khurramits was:
A) uniform distribution of wealth among people and build a just society
B) nationalization of the land
C) tax reform
D) restriction of the immigration policy
E) emancipation of all slaves
27. Purpose of Babek after Bazz defeat:
A) to go to Byzantine Emperor and to gather new power to continue the war
B) to stop war instead of releasing family members
C) to continue war by to concluding an agreement with the khanate
D) to make peace with Afshin for to save Khurramits forces
E) surrender to Arabs
28. Which city is named “Mother of Arran”:
A) Barda
B) Ganja
C) Shamakhi
D) Ardabil
E) Tabriz
29. Who wore red for the first time in the history of struggle against foreign invaders:
A) Khurramits
B) Kharijits
C) Arabs
D) Mazdakids
E) Sassanids
30. Define the sequence of the popular religion in Azerbaijan
1) Islam
2) Christianity
3) Idolatry
4) fire worship
A) 3, 4, 2, 1
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 1, 3, 2, 4
E) 4, 2, 3, 1
TOPIC IV - Feodal states of Azerbaijan in IX-XII centuries
31. When happened “Ganja earthguake”
A) 1139
B) 1052
C) 1225
D) 1131
E) 1100
32. Which Azerbaijan city attacked a slavs in 944:
A) Barda
B) Derbend
C) Baku
D) Shamakha
E) Beylagan
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33. Historical service of Yusuf Shah – the ruler of Sajids:
A) united all Azerbaijan lands under one power
B) founded Sajids
C) founded Dabil emirate
D) prevented Slavs`attack
E) moved Turkish kin`s from Central Asia to Azerbaijan
34. The foundation of the Shirvanshah state, established in the north-east of Azerbaijan at a time
of the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate, was laid by:
A) Mazyadi dynasty
B) Hashemite dynasty
C) Sajid dynasty
D) dynasty Abu Tahir
E) Mikhranid dynasty
35. Who is considered as the founder of the Sajid dynasty:
A) Abu Saj Divdad
B) Afshin
C) Muhammad ibn Abu Divdad
D) Yusuf Ibn Abu Saj
E) Sahi Sumbat
36. The foundation of the Azerbaijani state Atabek (Eldiguzids) was founded as a result of:
A) the appointment of Shamseddin Eldeniz as the governor of Aran
B) the appointment of Arslanshah, the son of Sultan Togrul II, as the ruler of Azerbaijan
C) collapse of the Sheddadids state
D) Seljuk campaigns into Azerbaijan under the leadership of Garatekin
E) Mongolian campaign
37. Which was not established in Azerbaijan at a time of the weakening of the Abbasid
Caliphate?
A) the Sassanid state
B) the Ravvadid state
C) the Salarid state
D) the Sajid state
E) the Albania state
38. Indicate the sequence of state foundation
1) Atabeks
2) Shirvanshahs
3) Atropatena
4) Sajids
A) 3, 2, 4, 1
B) 3, 1, 4, 2
C) 2, 1, 3, 4
D) 2, 4, 1, 3
E) 1, 2, 3, 4
39. State Eldeniz collapsed as a result of:
A) conquest Azerbaijan by Jalaladdin
B) formation of State Khulagid
C) the first campaign of the Mongols to Azerbaijan
D) the second campaign of the Mongols to Azerbaijan
E) campaign of Golden Horde
40. In 1225 Azerbaijan:
A) underwent to the attack of Khorezmshah Jalaladdin
B) underwent to the second crusade of Mongols
C) joined to Elkhanies state
D) underwent to the first crusade of Mongols
E) underwent to the attack of kipchaks forces
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 TOPIC V: Azerbaijan in XIII-XIV centuries
41. Define the sequence of:
1) reforms of shah Abbas the First
2) the peasant`s reforms in the North Azerbaijan
3) Uzun Hasan`s “Qanunname”
4) reforms of Gazan Khan
A) 4, 3, 1, 2
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 1, 3, 2, 4
E) 4, 2, 3, 1
42. Which states existed in Azerbaijan on the eve of the Mongol campaigns?
A) Atabeks (Eldiguzids) and Shirvanshahs
B) Ravvadids and Sheddadids
C) Sajids and Salarids
D) Shirvanshahs and Elkhanies
E) Atabeks (Eldiguzids) and Elkhanies
43. Culmination of the popular movement against Jalaladdin in Azerbaijan was:
A) Ganja revolt
B) Tebriz revolt
C) Nakhchivan revolt
D) Revolt in Marand
E) Revolt in Khoy
44. In 1231 Azerbaijan:
A) was subjected to the second campaign of the Mongols
B) was occupied by Jalaladdin
C) resigned from the state Eldeniz
D) became a part of the state Elkhanies
E) became a part of the state Sheddadids
45. Azerbaijan acceded to the State Khulagid as a result of:
A) the third campaign of the Mongols to Azerbaijan
B) the second campaign of the Mongols to Azerbaijan
C) Jalaladdin’s campaign
D) the first campaign of the Mongols to Azerbaijan
E) disintegration of the state Eldeniz
46. In 1220-1222 Azerbaijan was subjected to:
A) the devastating campaign of Mongols
B) the attack of kipchaks
C) Khorezmshah’s son Jalaladdin`s campaign
D) the first attack by Golden Horde
E) the campaign of Khulaku khan
47. Which population resisted to mongols by saying “It`s time to take up the sword and to be
patient and it`s better to die with honor than everything”
A) Shamakha
B) Tabriz
C) Ganja
D) Ardabil
E) Maragha
48. The conquest of Azerbaijan by Mongols completed:
A) by capture of Derbend in 1239
B) by capture of Ganja
C) by capture of Tovuz and Baku
D) by capture of Tebriz
E) the acceptance of vassalage by Shirvan
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49. How many years passed between the start of the second march of Mongols and Hulakids
captured Azerbaijan?
A) 25
B) 20
C) 24
D) 11
E) 9
50. In 1259 in Maragha:
A) Observatory was built under the guidance of Nasreddin Tusi
B) Higher madrasah Rebi Rashidi was opened
C) Sham-Gazan observatory was built
D) The first madrasah was built
E) The first Darush shafa started to operate
TOPIC VI: Feodal states of Azerbaijan in XV century
51. Indicate the sequence of state foundation:
1) Safavids
2) Akh - Koyunlu
3) Khulakids
4) Kara - Koyunlu
A) 3, 4, 2, 1
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 1, 3, 2, 4
E) 4, 2, 3, 1
52. Which of the followings defend itself heroically against attacks of Amir Teymur during 14
years:
A) Alinja castle
B) Derbend castle
C) Ganja city
D) Tabriz city
E) Maiden Tower
53. In 1382 in Shirvan:
A) dynasty Derbendi came to power
B) amir Timur’s period of dominance began
C) the Chobanids seized the power
D) Jalarid Uveys’s power was restored
E) Golden Horde domination began
54. State of Kara-koyunlu structure was comprised:
A) all Azerbaijan lands with the exception of Shirvanshahs
B) only north lands of Azerbaijan
C) all Azerbaijan lands including Shirvan
D) from Derbend till Hamadan on the shore of the Caspian Sea
E) Western Iran, North Azerbaijan, and all Georgia area
55. The most important event that occurred in the political life of Azerbaijan in 1410 was:
A) establishment of the state Karakoyunlu
B) the capture of Tebriz by sultan Jalairid Akhmed
C) the defeat of Timurids in the Shanbi-Gazan area
D) Timurids’s exile from Azerbaijan
E) establishment of the state Akh-koyunlu
56. The population of Tabriz which rebelled against Timurid in 1406 called for help:
A) from Shirvanshah I Ibrahim
B) from Jalairi Sultan Akhmed
C) from Karakoyunlu Kara Yusif
D) from khan of Qizil Horda-Toxtamish
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E) from judge of Sheki-Seyidi Akhmed
57. Which states existed in 1410-1468 at the Azerbaijan:
A) Kara-koyunlu state
B) Chobanids state
C) Timurids reign
D) Khulakids state
E) Jalairi reign
58. The ruler of Akh-koyunlu who accepted “Ganunname” for regulation of tax system was:
A) Uzun Hasan
B) Murad Mirza
C) Alvand Mirza
D) Sultan Yagub
E) Godek Akhmad
59. Which state was in Azerbaijan in 1468-1501?
A) Akh-koyunlu
B) Kara koyunlu
C) Chobanids
D) Elkhans
E) Safavids
60. In 1382-1538 the state of Shirvanshahs:
A) was governed by Derbendi dynasty
B) was vassal of Khulagids states
C) was governed by Chobanids
D) was vassal of Timurids
E) was governed by Mazyadids dynasty
TOPIC VII: Sefevids' states
61. There was a battle in 1488 in Shahdagh mountain, Tabasaran:
A) between the combined forces of akkoyunlu-shirvanshahs and gizilbashs
B) between akkoyunlu and karakoyunlu
C) between akkoyunlu and shirvanshahs
D) between kizilbashs and karakoyunlu
E) between the combined forces of akhkoyunlu-shirvanshahs and timurids
62. What made the shah Abbas after coming to power for strong thening of the power?
A) military administrative reforms
B) demanded to pay taxes of last years
C) created strict discipline in finance and made tax reform
D) built new defense mechanism for strengthen borders between Ottomans and Uzbek Empires
E) ended the struggle for power between Turkish and Persian ethnic groups
63. What happened in 1514?
A) Chaldyran battle
B) Assumption of power of Sultan Salim
C) Visit of Safavids diplomat Ali bey to Italy
D) Holding of extraordinary divan in Adrianople
E) Capture of Malatya and Garahisar cities in Asia Minor by Shah Ismayil
64. Why did gizilbashs decide to attack to Shirvanshahs not to Tabriz in Erzincan meeting in
1500?
A) if they attack to Tabriz they meet with Alvand Mirza and Murad, also with Pharrukh Yassar, who
help them to defence
B) couse of standing empty of the Shirvanshah`s throne
C) if they attack to Tabriz they will be fight against Ottoman`s
D) if they strengthen in Shirvan they can end influence of Ottoman`s
E) according to Sheikh Juneid and Sheikh Haydar killed in Shirvan
65. Became Sharur sway in 1501:
A) between Ismayil and Akh-koyunlu Alvand Mirza
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B) between Ismayil and Akh-koyunlu Murad Mirza
C) between gizilbashs and Kara-koyunlu
D) between Ismayil and Shirvanshahs
E) between Safavids and Ottomans
66. Shah Safavids free city from Ottoman Empire in 1606:
A) Ganja
B) Baku
C) Irevan
D) Ordubad
E) Nakhchivan
67. This city is the first religious and political center of Safavids?
A) Ardabil
B) Tabriz
C) Shamakhi
D) Maragha
E) Gazvin
68. The terms of I Shah Abbas`s military – administrative reforms:
1) to cancel “only gizilbashes can bear arms” right
2) to attract people of other nations to army
3) to create special “Abbasabad” street in Gazvin
4) to create different types of troops
5) to expand the lands of property by forcing out large landowners and taking over lands of
feudals
A) 1, 2, 4
B) 2, 3, 5
C) 2, 4, 5
D) 1, 3, 4
E) 1, 4, 5
69. Which Azerbaijan city gave back from Ottomans Abbas the First in october 21, 1603:
A) Tabriz
B) Ardabil
C) Nakhchivan
D) Irevan
E) Ganja
70. Which fortress gave back Ottomans Abbas the First in 1604:
A) Irevan
B) Tabriz
C) Baku
D) Nakhchivan
E) Derbend
TOPIC VIII : Azerbaijan in XVIII century
71. Define the chronological sequence:
1) Sheki khan Palace
2) Maiden Tower
3) Shirvanshah Palace
4) Maragha observatory
A) 2, 4, 3, 1
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 1, 3, 2, 4
E) 4, 2, 3, 1
72. Which khanate didn’t belong to the southern khanates of Azerbaijan?
1) Guba khanate
2) Khoy khanate
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3) Shamakhi khanate
4) Maragha khanate
5) Irevan khanate
A) 1, 3, 5
B) 2, 4, 5
C) 3, 4, 5
D) 1, 2, 5
E) 2, 3, 5
73. Which fortress was built by Panakhali khan to strengthen the defense of the Karabagh
khanate?
1) Shusha
2) Gulistan
3) Bayat
4) Shahbulaque
5) Djermukh
6) Khudat
A) 1, 3, 4
B) 1, 4, 5
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 6
E) 4, 5, 6
74. Which first independence khanate was created:
A) Sheki khanate
B) Baku khanate
C) Tabriz khanate
D) Guba khanate
E) Karabagh khanate
75. After “Gizil Gaya” betrayal which lands of Azerbaijan had been released by Haji Chelebi
khan from Kakhetiya tsar?
A) Gazakh, Borchali
B) Ganja, Karabagh
C) Jar-Balakan, Gabala
D) Ilisu, Gabala
E) Baku, Shirvan
76. In the second half of 18th century Azerbaijan was known as....:
A) khanates period;
B) establishment of state;
C) distribution of Azerbaijan between Russia and Iran;
D) “occurrence of capitalist relations” period;
E) “partly disappearance of political mess” period.
77. It is not concerned to khanates established in north of Azerbaijan:
1) Urmia
2) Tabriz
3) Ganja
4) Baku
5) Maku
A) 1, 2, 5
B) 1, 3, 5
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 2, 4, 5
E) 1, 3, 4
78. Azerbaijan was divided into semi-autonomous and independent khanates, sultanates and
meliknates:
A) After Nadir Shah’s death
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B) As a result of “infidelity in Kizilqaya”
C) After the battle Govdushan
D) As a result of the overthrow of Safavids’s dynasty
E) After the overthrow of Qajar’s dynasty
79. “Panahali khan was silver without coin, then we came and hit coin him and then returned” –
By whom this term was said?
A) by Haji Chelebi khan, after Bayat battle
B) by Urmiyan Fatali khan, after march to Shusha in 1759
C) by Nadir shah, after march to “Galasan-gorasan” fortress
D) by Mohammadhasan khan Gajar, after Xatin arkhi battle
E) after battle with maliks of Karabakh
80. Who was founded Irevan khanate:
A) Mir Mekhdi khan
B) Mir Hasan khan
C) Mirza Mohammed khan
D) Kelbeli khan
E) Mohammed khan Kenkerli
TOPIC IX: The conquest of the Northern Azerbaijan by Russia
81. In June 16, 1804:
A) began Russian – Iran war
B) began Russian – Ottoman war
C) began Russian – Azerbaijan war
D) Kurakchay Peace treaty was signed
E) Gazakh, Shamshaddil and Borchali with eastern Georgia joined to Russia.
82. Who signed treaty about under Russia sway in December 27, 1805:
A) Shamakhi khanate
B) Karabagh khanate
C) Ganja khanate
D) Baku khanate
E) Sheki khanate
83. Which states between closed in 1813 Gulistan Peace treaty:
A) between Iran and Russia
B) between Iran and Azerbaijan
C) between Russia and Karabagh khanate
D) between Iran and Baku khanate
E) between Iran and Lenkaran khanate
84. What happened in May 14, 1805 ?
A) Kurakchay treaty was signed between Russia and Karabagh khanate
B) an agreement concluded between Russia and Shamakhi khanate
C) Georgievsk agreement signed between Russia and several northern Azerbaijan
D) Gazakh, Shamshaddil and Borchali territories were joined to Russia
E) Jar-Balakan jamaat signed “Sworn obligation” in Tbilisi
85. The Azerbaijan population`s bitter enemy Sisianov became punishing:
A) Huseyngulu khan`s side Baku
B) Selim khan`s side Sheki
C) Mustafa khan`s side Shamakhi
D) Ibrahimkhelil khan side Shusha
E) Qajar khan`s side Irevan
86. At the last occupy a khanate on Russia side:
A) Irevan
B) Shamakhi
C) Nakhchivan
D) Ardabil
E) Lenkaran
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87. How many years have passed from the Gulistan Peace Treaty to the Turkmanchay Peace
Treaty:
A) 15
B) 8
C) 45
D) 32
E) 27
88. Under which agreement were Armenians moved to lands of Northern Azerbaijan?
A) Turkmanchay
B) Resht
C) Ganja
D) Istanbul
E) Gulistan
89. In which regions of North Azerbaijan were placed the largest number of Armenians?
A) Nakhchivan, Irevan, Karabagh
B) Karabagh, Jar-Balakan, Baku
C) Shirvan, Nakhchivan, Yelizavetpol
D) Karabagh, Lenkaran, Irevan
E) Nakhchivan, Yelizavetpol, Baku
90. The content of the XV article of “Turkmanchay” contract:
A) to creat an opportunity to move armenians from Iran to Southern Caucasus
B) to give Irevan and Nakhchivan khanates to Russia
C) Russian merchants got duty free trade right in Iran
D) Russia got right to maintain navy in Caspian Sea
E) to determine borders between Russia and Iran
TOPIC X: Azerbaijan in XIX century. The period of capitalism.
91. Indicate the chronological sequence of the revolts took place in the 30-s of the XIX century:
1) Guba revolt
2) Jar-Balaken revolt
3) Sheki revolt
A) 2, 1, 3
B) 1, 3, 2
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 2, 3, 1
E) 3, 1, 2
92. In the first half of the XIX century from Russia to Azerbaijan were first relocated:
A) Sectarians and heretics
B) Military and seamen
C) Aristocrats and merchants
D) Sectarians and aristocrats
E) Aristocrats and seamen
93. Among revolts occurred in the 30’s of the XIX century the most powerful was:
A) Guba revolt
B) Lenkaran revolt
C) Jar-Belakan revolt
D) Sheki revolt
E) Zakatala revolt
94. Writing of the history of Azerbaijan on a scientific basis associated with:
A) A.Bakikhanof
B) A. Javanshir
C) M.Adigezalbek
D) M. J. Javanshir
E) K.Shekikhanof

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95. Who was the first industrialist who struck on the colonial nature of the Azerbaijani economy
and significantly shook her?
A) H. Z. Taghiyev
B) M. Naghiyev
C) M. Mukhtarof
D) Sh. Asadullayev
E) J.Malikov
96. After which event Azerbaijan associated to Russian market:
A) giving the utilization of railway Balajari-Petrovsk
B) shooting oil pipeline Baku-Batum
C) shooting highway Baku-Rostov
D) shooting railway Baku-Tbilisi
E) establishing oil Producer`s Union
97. The first theater building in Baku was built by:
A) H. Z. Taghiyev
B) M. Naghiyev
C) M. Mukhtarof
D) Sh. Asadullayev
E) B.Ashurbayli
98. Which Azerbaijan state was called the “Caucasus Lion”:
A) Nikha (Sheki)
B) Ordubad
C) Shamakhi
D) Yelizavetpol
E) Zakatala
99. According to may 14, 1870 “Asasnama”:
A) Owner peasants got freed from feudal dependence in Northern Azerbaijan
B) Borders of state lands were determined
C) Obligations of owner peasants, title tax of church were cancelled
D) Peasants got right for compulsory buying their own proper lands
E) Resentment against tsarism was ended

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