Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to the AN/PC-119 SINCGARS Field

Radio

Chapter 2 Basic Operation

Chapter 3 Single Channel Programming

Chapter 4 COMSEC Loading

Chapter 5 Scan Operations

Chapter 6 SINCGARS Frequency Hopping (FH) Programming

Chapter 7 Retransmit Operations

Chapter 8 Remote Control Unit (RCU)

Chapter 9 Over the Air Rekey (OTAR)

Chapter 10 Vehicular Configuration

Chapter 11 Final Practical Exercise

 TAB

Insert Tab # 1 Here

 Introduction to the
AN/PRC-119 SINCGARS
Field Radio
2
 Learning Objectives

• Prepare the Receiver - Transmitter (RT) for

operations.
• Load Single Channel frequencies into the RT.
• Load Frequency Hop (FH) data and COMSEC.
• Load Time.
• Perform Passive Late Net Entry, Cold Start net entry,
and Hot Start net entry.
• Change the Net ID.
• CUE a FH net.
• Transmit & Receive an Electronic Remote Fill (ERF)

At the conclusion of this course, the student will be able to understand the
terminology and operations of the AN/PRC-119 SINCGARS Ground ICOM
Radio.

3
 Safety

If battery compartment becomes hot to the touch, if it

hisses or makes a burping sound, or if you smell an
irritating gas:

• Turn off equipment

• Move the equipment to a well ventilated area or leave the
area
• Let equipment cool for at least one hour
• After cooling remove batteries and replace with new and
continue operations

BA-5590 Lithium-sulfur dioxide (Li-SO2) batteries contain pressurized sulfur

dioxide gas that is toxic. It has a rotten egg smell.

In the event of a fire near lithium batteries, rapid cooling of the batteries is
important. Use a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Do not use water or Halon
type fire extinguisher.

4
 Overview

• History of SINCGARs Radio

• Components, Capabilities, and Characteristics
• Common Definitions
• Single Channel (SC) operations
• Frequency hop (FH) operations
• ANCD operations in relationship to the AN/PRC-119
• Practical exercises

5
 History of AN/PRC-119 (1)

• NON-ICOM, RT-1439 made in 1987

• Replaced AN/PRC-77 radio
• Increased frequencies
• Frequency hoping
• EMP
• Digital and Analog data
• Manual load and Cold start

NON-ICOM: Non-integrated COMSEC

The radio does not have built in COMSEC capabilities. An external COMSEC
device is required for secure communications, such as a KY-57 or KY-99.

The AN/PRC-77 was capable of 920 channels between 30 & 75.95 MHz with a
channel spacing of 50 KHz. The RT-1439 is capable of 2320 channels.

The purpose of Frequency Hopping is to prevent jamming and direction finding.

EMP: Electro Magnetic Protection

Even though the AN/PRC-77 was capable of digital data, it was not compatible
with a computer. The RT-1439 is compatible with both analog and digital data
sources such as fax machines and PCs.

Timing for the frequency hopping had to be manually entered or received from a
Cold Start ERF.

ERF: Electronic Remote Fill

The FH-Master can send an ERF to net stations to update the RT Time. An ERF
includes FH data for 1 channel.

6
 History of AN/PRC-119 (2)

• ICOM, RT-1523 made in 1989

• Secure
• Improved FH Data Management
• ANCD interface
• RT will accept ERF if time sync is less than +/- one
hour different from net sync time
• Running a self test from PT results in FAIL 5 message

ICOM: Integrated COMSEC

The RT-1523 has KY-57 COMSEC capabilities built into the radio. It uses
VINSON COMSEC standards. Based on the SAVILLE encryption algorithm
using Continuously Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD) at 16 kbps voice
compression.

Sync time is loaded manually or by ERF.

If the radio’s time is more than 1 hour off the NCS (Net Control Station) sending
the ERF, the radio will not receive the ERF or the SYNC time.

FAIL 5 messages

PT = Plain text.

Must have radio in CT (Cipher Text) to clear message.

7
 History of AN/PRC-119 (3)

• ICOM, RT-1523 (A/B) made in 1992, 1993

• ANCD interface with SYNC time
• Hot starts
• Improved battery performance (approx. 24 hours)
• Running a self test in PT results in a display message
of GO CT
• RT will accept ERF if time is less than 100 days
different from net sync time

SYNC time: Radio will accept time from ANCD, PLGR (Precision Lightweight
GPS Receiver), manually and ERF.

Loading time from ANCD allow for a Hot Start. Hot start means: load RT from
ANCD and start using it. No need to load time, sync time, or ERF.

Self-test: “GO CT” message now instead of “Fail 5”.

When loading time, the day is 0 to 99. It starts at 1 through 99 then 0 to 99.

Therefore, 1 Jan you enter 1. 9 April is 99, 10 April is 00, accept leap year.

8
 History of AN/PRC-119 (4)

• ICOM, RT-1523 (C/D) made in 1996, 1997

• Improved digital data capabilities
• RCU capable
• New keypad with SIP features
• GPS connector

SIP: System Improvement Program

SIP added the improved data capabilities and four of the keys have been given
new designations: RCU, GPS, SA, and CID. However, GPS, SA, and CID are
not used and represent possible future capability of the SINCGARS SIP radio.

An N indicates the enhanced data rates; the advantages of these enhanced data
rates are better accuracy, great speed, longer range, and improved forward error
correction

RCU: Remote Control Unit. The RT-1523 can be remotely controlled with
another RT-1523 or the C-11561 RCU.

The GPS connector makes it easier to load time from a PLGR.

9
 History of AN/PRC-119 (5)

• ASIP, RT-1523E made in 1998, 1999

• Smaller
• Lighter (less than 9 lbs. with BA-5590)
• Improved battery performance (approx. 33 hours)
• Spare slots for future enhancements
• Enhanced self bit test
• AUX connector for HRCRD/2 wire adapter

• Only half the width of previous models.

• The RT-1523E uses ASIP (Advanced System Improvement Program)

instead of SIP. The ASIP keypad adds a MENU and Backlight function.

• It has only one front panel switch; the other switch functions such as the
Channel, Volume, Mode, COMSEC, & Power were moved to the software
menu.

• Internal battery compartment.

• Up to 33 hours on a Typical Duty Cycle.

• The AUX connector is for the HRCRD: Handheld Remote Control Radio
Device or a 2-wire adapter used with the RCU.

• The HRCRD has a Y cable that connects to a front audio connector and
the rear Aux connector.

• Previous radio models required a battery box to connect the second

connector of the HRCRD.

10
 Characteristics

• Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI)

• Classified CCI unkeyed
• Classified up to level of highest COMSEC key stored
in radio
• 9:1 Duty Cycle
• Carrier deviation is 6.5 Kilohertz (KHz)
• Channel Spacing: 25 KHz
• Squelch tone signal of 150 Hertz

The RT-1523E is CCI because it is an ICOM radio, built in COMSEC.

Once a key is loaded, the radio is classified the same as the key.

The Typical duty cycle: 9 minutes of monitoring/receiving to 1 minute of

transmitting. 9:1 has a battery life of approximately 33 hours of a BA-5590
battery.

Radios that are compatible with the RT-1523 should have their carrier deviation
set the same for better quality. Radios such as the AN/PRC-117 have 3-carrier
deviation setting.

Channels must be set 25 KHz apart or they will overlap and interfere with each
other.

The Squelch system in a radio disconnects (or mutes) a receiver in order to

eliminate output noise when no signal or an extremely weak signal is received.

Noise Squelch operates off the signal strength of the received signal. Tone
Squelch systems transmit a sub audible 150 Hz tone whenever the hand mike is
keyed. The radio will not un-mute the receiver circuits unless the received signal
contains a 150 Hz tone.

11
 Capabilities (1)

• Single channel (SC) operations

• Frequency Hop (FH) operations (100 channels per
second)
• Preset channels
• Digital tuning
• Visual display

Single channel (SC) frequency modulation (FM) operation in Very High

Frequency (VHF) band of 30.000 to 87.975 MHz.

With 25 KHz channel spacing, it provided 2320 frequencies.

Frequency hopping (FH) mode for Electronic Counter Counter-Measure (ECCM)

operation. An electronic measure would be the radio transmitting a signal. An
electronic counter measure would be to jam the signal. ECCM is the ability to
overcome jamming by changing channels 100 times per second (or frequency
hopping)

Preset channels: eight for SC mode and six for FH mode. SC presets are
channels 1-6, CUE & MAN. The SC channels can be used in Cipher Text
(COMSEC) or Plain Text mode. FH is Cipher Text only.
Quick, silent, precise, digital tuning.

Electronic visual display shows the power setting, mode, channel number,
COMSEC, and frequency or FH net ID.

12
 Capabilities (2)

• Voice-Data
• COMSEC
• Retransmit operations
• Remote operations
• Self test (bit and card)

Voice or digital data communication. Provides data rates of 600, 1200, 2400,
4800, and 16,000 bits per second; also provides enhanced data rates (1200N,
2400N, 4800N, 9600N, PCKT) PCKT supports FBCB2 hardware and software,
and RS-232 computer interface.

Provides Cipher Text (CT) communications with integrated COMSEC (ICOM)

feature. Can hold 6 COMSEC keys.

By using 2 sets of radios connected by a special retransmission cable the radios

range can be extended.

Has the ability to remotely control another RT up to 4 km away by 2 wires (such

as WD-1). Can also be remotely controlled by a C-11561 RCU.
Built-in test provides self-testing it condition.

13
 Power Sources

ƒ BA-5590/U, BB-390B/U, BA-5390 (NEW)

ƒ BA-5372/U or 4 ea. AA (HUB), requires HUB adapter
ƒ Can be vehicular mounted and powered by vehicle
batteries. (24 to 32 VDC)

BB-390B/U
BA-5590/U

BA-5590, BB-590, & BB390 are the RT main power. 24 VDC.

HUB: Hold Up Battery (for Memory Retention). The HUB is used to retain
COMSEC and programming when the RT is in Standby. It is a 6.5 VDC battery
½ the size of an AA battery. A HUB adapter, which uses 4 AA batteries, can be
used in place of the BA-5372.

The RT-1523E does not use a HUB, only the D and previous models do. The
RT-1523E has uses the main battery as a HUB when in Standby mode. Its
internal circuitry can retain COMSEC and fill data for up to 15 minutes when
changing the battery. The function switch must be in the STBY position when
changing the battery.

The main battery has up to 33 hours capability under a typical cycle. In standby
mode however, the main battery can last up to 3 months.

D and previous models the HUB is good for up to 6 months.

14
 Power Output

• LOW 500 microwatts

• MED 160 milliwatts
• HI 4 watts
• PA 50 watts

PA: This setting applies only to vehicular long-range radios using a power
amplifier.

The RT must be set to PA or the power amplifier could be damaged by to much

power from the RT.

50 Watts is the PA’s output not the radio. The radio itself in PA outputs less
power then LOW does. If the radio is set to anything other than PA, the radios
output can overdrive the PA’s input and damage the PA.

The radio does not sense that it is connected to a Vehicular Amplifier Adapter
(VAA) so ensure that the radio is set to PA before you key the mike.

15
 Planning Range

• LOW 200m to 400m

• MED 400m to 5 km
• HI 5 km to 10 km
• PA 10 km to 40 km

Sending data reduces planning range.

Planning ranges based upon line of sight and are average for normal conditions.
Ranges depend upon location, sighting, weather, and surrounding noise level,
among other factors. Use of the OE-254 antenna will increase ranges for both
voice and data transmissions.

• EDM (Enhanced Data Mode) is on the C, D, & E models only.

• DATA (600-4800 BPS) on HIGH, 3 KM to 5 KM
• DATA (16000 BPS) on HIGH, 1 KM to 3 KM
• EDM DATA (1200N) on HIGH, 5 KM to 10 KM
• EDM DATA (9600N) on HIGH, 1 KM to 3 KM

The lower the baud rate, the longer the range.

16
 TAB

Insert Tab # 2 Here

AN/PRC-119F
Components
2
 AN/PRC-119F Components

• RT-1523E
• Antenna, AS-3683 (short whip) or AS-4266 (long whip)
• H-250 handset or Handheld Remote Control Radio
Device (HRCRD) C-12493/U
• Carrying case

HRCRD

The term “manpack” is the common name for the soldier carried AN/PRC-
119A/D/F. (The “A/D/F” indicates this is an ICOM radio. Do not confuse this
designation with the A or D in RT version and other component numbers.)

• AN/PRC-119A is a MANPACK that uses the RT-1523, RT-1523A, & RT-

1523B
• AN/PRC-119D is a MANPACK that uses the RT-1523C & RT-1523D
(these models use SIP)
• AN/PRC-119F is a MANPACK that uses the RT-1523E (this model uses
ASIP)

The AS-3683 & AS-4266 are the 2 manpack Antennas.

• AS-3683 is 41 inches long,
• AS-4266 is 104 inches long, folds up to 18 inches long.

The HRCRD enables the manpack operator to control the following functions of
the radio using the HRCRD: Channel, RF Power, Mode, and COMSEC. The
operator can control the volume level of audio at the HRCRD by use of the thumb
wheel located on the side of the device.

The cable attached to the HRCRD forms a “Y” with one end connected to the RT
AUD/DATA or AUD/FILL port and the other end to AUX connector of the RT-
1523E. A battery box is required for the RT-1523 through RT-1523D models.
3
 Receiver-Transmitter RT 1523D
RF Power
switch COMSEC Audio/Fill
Antenna Channel switch Hold Connector
Connector switch
J1 LCD Display Up J3
Battery

Display Volume
Dim Keypad control
Retransmit Audio/Data
Function control
Connector Connector J4
J2 switch

RT-1523D uses SIP: System Improvement Program.

PLGR can be connected to the J3 Audio/Fill connector for loading time.

System Connector P1 & GPS connector J5 are on the back, for external power
connection and GPS connection to the Vehicular Amplifier Adapter (VAA).

4
 Receiver-Transmitter RT 1523E

LCD Display

Antenna Audio/Fill
Connector Connector
J1 J2

Function Audio/Data
switch Connector J3

Keypad

RT-1523E uses ASIP: Advanced System Improvement Program. Because the

Power, Mode, Channel, Volume & COMSEC switches were removed and are
menu controlled, the display now indicates those settings across the top accept
volume.

Audio/Data connector J3 is also the Retransmit connector. System Connector

P1 & GPS connector J5 are on the back, for external power connection and GPS
connection to the Vehicular Amplifier Adapter (VAA). Auxiliary connector J6 also
on the back, used to connect the HRCRD handset or the two-wire adapter for
RCU operation.

The RCU is connected to the RT by two-wire linkage (typically WD-1 field wire).
The RCU may be located up to 4 kilometers away from the radio being remotely
controlled.

Signal strength is shown as a lighted vertical bar at the left side of the RT display
window; the higher the bar, the stronger the signal. It serves as a visual
indication that traffic is on the net.

5
 Function Switch (1)

• OFF: Turns RT on and off

• Z: Erases all COMSEC to include FH data
• REM: Remote operations and when using HRCRD or set
up as a RCU
• RXMT: Retransmit operations
• SQ ON/OFF: Turns squelch on and off

OFF: All power is shut off; all stored data, (COMSEC, FH. sync time, and
manpack battery life indicator) are deleted after 5 seconds.

Z: You must pause in the Z position and wait for the RT to zeroize (5 seconds).
This deletes the COMSEC & FH data.

REM: The REM position disables front panel controls and is required for use of
the Control-Monitor, Remote Control Unit (RCU), and HRCRD.

RXMT: Use of the RXMT position enables the RT to automatically retransmit

traffic from one radio through another. Both RTs are set to RXMT position and
connected by a RXMT cable.

SQ-ON for normal operations.

SQ-OFF is not used for FH, only SC. In the SC mode, SQ OFF helps to bring in
distant stations, to work through jamming, and to be compatible with radios
lacking squelch capability.

6
 Function Switch (2)

• LD: Used for loading frequencies, COMSEC keys, FH

data, transmit / receive ECCM remote fill (ERF)
• TST: Starts RT self test, circuits and boards are tested
• STBY: Makes radio inop but stores all data; sync time is
lost after 200 hours

The load position is required for loading SC frequencies, FH data, and COMSEC
keys, required also to receive an ERF. While in the LD position, the RT will
transmit & receive as if it were in SQ-ON.

This position runs the self-test of the RT data and ECCM circuits, test results are
then shown in RT display.

STBY: Makes radio inoperative but all stored data is retained. A BA-5590 is
good for 3 months in STBY; however, Sync time is lost after 200 hours.

7
 RT-1523E Keyboard (1)

• CMSC: Displays COMSEC in

channel
• RCU: Enables use of RT as a
RCU
• SYNC: Used for FH late entry
procedures (with FREQ
button)
• FREQ: Displays current
channel frequency/hopset ID.
Pressing FREQ followed by
CHG changes backlight
brightness (4 levels)

The RT keypad or keyboard provides one of the primary means the operator has
for entering information into the radio. It also allows the operator to obtain
information from the radio. When entering data into the radio through the RT
keypad, keep in mind that the display will go blank 7 seconds after your latest
entry and you will have to start again.

• CMSC: Press this key to determine the COMSEC key position being used;
RT display will show TEK 1 thru 5 or KEK (Channel 6).

• RCU: The RCU key is used to select operating mode options of RT, RCU,
EXT, or LDE. EXT is a capability that allows the radio to be controlled
externally via the system connector. LDE stands for local data entry and
represents a future capability of the RT. This feature is currently not used.

• SYNC: Press this key to activate the passive late net entry feature of the
SINCGARS radio.

• FREQ: This key is used to check, load, clear, and offset SC frequencies;
and to check and change FH net IDs. The function switch must be in SQ-
ON for the backlight change to work.

8
 RT-1523E Keyboard (2)

• DATA: Shows current DATA

rate
• GPS: Not used
• SA: Not used
• ERF / OFST: Used to send
ERF when in FH-M, changes
frequency +/- 5 & 10 kHz

• DATA: Press this key to determine data status which can read, 600, 1200,
2400, 16000 BPS, Enhanced Data Rates of 1200N, 2400N, 4800N, and
9600N BPS, PCKT, RS232, AD1 (Analog Data 1), TF (TACFIRE), or OFF.

• The GPS key is not used; it represents a possible future capability of the
SINCGARS SlP/ASlP radio.

• The SA key is not used; it represents a possible future capability of the

SINCGARS SIP/ASIP radio.

• ERF: Electronic Remote Fill. NCS (Net Control Station) operators press
this key when sending a Cold Start or net update ERF to net operators.
The mode must be set to FH-M for ERF to work.

• OFST: Used in conjunction with the FREQ and CHG buttons, this key
enables the operator to offset SC frequencies by plus or minus 5 or 10
KHz. The offset feature of the SINCGARS radio can be used only in the
SC mode.

9
 RT-1523E Keyboard (3)

• CHG: Used to change

values
• CID: Not used
• LOUT: Not used
• TIME: View Julian date,
hours, minutes, seconds
• MENU/CLR: Scroll
through menu choices and
clear items

• CHG: When used in conjunction with the DATA, OFST, or CMSC keys,
this button causes the display to scroll through available data or options.

• The CID key is not used; it represents a possible future capability of the
SINCGARS SlP/ASlP radio.

• LOUT: This key is used only by NCS personnel and is rarely needed with
current operating procedures. Operators may ignore this key.

• Time: Press TIME once to see the Julian Date; press it a second time to
see sync time hours and minutes; press a third time to see sync time in
running minutes and seconds. With the function switch in LD, used in
conjunction with the CLR and STO keys, the TIME button allows entry of
sync time via the RT keypad.

• Menu: MENU appears on SINCGARS ASIP when key is pressed.

Multiple presses will scroll MENU.

• CLR: Used in conjunction with other keys, the CLR button enables the
operator to delete entries or stored data.

10
 Menu Options

• Menu: Volume (1-9 and whisper 0)

Channel (1-6, 7 for CUE,
0 for MAN)
Power (LO, M, HI, PA)
Mode (FH, FHM, FH2, FH2M, SC)
COMSEC (CT, PT, TD, RV)

• Volume: Press menu until volume is displayed, then press 1 through 9 to

set the volume level and/or 0 to activate whisper. Setting whisper does
not change the volume. It allows the operator can speak softly and will be
heard at a normal audio level.
• Channel: Press menu until channel is displayed, then select channel 0
through 7.
• Power: Press menu until power is displayed, and then press CHG until
the correct power setting is displayed.
• Mode: Press menu until mode is displayed, and then press CHG until the
correct ECCM mode is displayed. FH2 & FH2M are an Enhanced
Operating Mode of Frequency Hopping. FH and FH2 are not compatible
with each other.
• COMSEC: Press menu until COMSEC is displayed, and then press CHG
until the correct COMSEC mode is displayed.
• CT: Cipher Text. COMSEC. Secure mode.
• PT: Plain Text. No COMSEC. Non-secure mode.
• TD: Time Delay. Same as CT. Is used when needed to compensate for
transmission delays.
• RV: This setting may be used in some forms of Over-The-Air-Rekey
(OTAR) transmissions.

11
 RT-1523E Keyboard (4)

• LOAD: Press to load COMSEC

keys and FH data
• STO: Press to store
frequencies, COMSEC keys, FH
data, etc
• BATT/CALL: Shows current
battery level (BA-5590/U only).
CALL is used with RCU
• 1 thru 0: These keys enable the
operator to enter numbers.
Used for loading Freqs, ID #s,
and Sync Time

LOAD: Used to load COMSEC & FH data into radio. When loading single
COMSEC keys or single FH channels, pressing LOAD moves the data to the
holding memory. Also used to retrieve data from permanent memory during ERF
procedures.

STO: Press the STO key to place data into permanent memory from the holding
memory of the RT. For example, press LOAD, STO, 1 load, then stores
COMSEC into TEK 1 slot.

BATT: Used to check and set battery life condition in the manpack radio. When
this key is pressed, the RT display shows battery life indication in 1/8 increments.

CALL: This key is used to communicate between the radio and an attached
RCU. Communication between RT and RCU are in plain text.

12
 Installation (1)

• Ensure radio is off

• Remove battery cover
• Install BA-5590/U or BB-390/U
• Put battery cover back on
• Install handset
• Install antenna

13
 Installation (2)

• Turn FUNCTION switch to

TST
• Turn FUNCTION switch to
SQ ON
RT DEFAULTS:
• VOL (5), CHAN (1), PWR
(LO), MODE (FH), COMSEC
(CT)

Wait for the RT to complete the self-test before moving the function switch to SQ-
ON.

When the RT is powered on from the off position, these are the default settings.

14
 Battery Monitor

• Used to monitor the life cycle of a BA-5590

• Does not work with a BB-390/BB-590
• Hours of Operation: 33

LO FH 1 CT
BATT= 8/8FULL

The RT computes the battery condition by measuring the time spent in the
receive and transmit modes. These are rough estimates only, and they apply to
operators (Typical Duty Cycle), not NCS or other heavy radio users.

RECORDING USAGE: Upon completing a mission, when the main battery is to

be removed, note and record battery life on the side of the battery. The Battery
Life Indicator must be read before the Function Switch is set to Z or OFF, or
battery life data will be lost.

• RT-1523E uses the 8/8 (full) to 1/8 (empty) scale.

• RT-1523D uses the 1 - 12 scale. 1 being full and 12 being empty.

15
 Practical Exercises

• Set function switch to LD

• Press BATT button
• Press CLR button
• Enter 4
• Press STO button
LO FH 1 CT
BATT= 4/8FULL

When BATT is pressed, the display reads FULL 8/8. Pressing the CLR button
only clears the first 8.

After pressing STO, the display reads FULL 4/8.

16
 TAB

Insert Tab # 3 Here

Single Channel (SC)
Programming
2
 Program SC Frequencies

• Mode = SC
• COMSEC = PT
• Function switch to LD
• Select a channel (1-6, 7 CUE, 0 MAN)
• Press button (#####)
• Press button (_ _ _ _ _)
• Enter desired frequency
• Press button (display blinks)
• Repeat for different channels LO SC 1
. 35725

• Ensure the MODE is set to SC. You cannot program SC frequencies with
the MODE in FH.

• A zeroized RT will display 00000 when the FREQ button is first pressed.

• Frequencies can only be entered to the nearest 25 kHz increment. E.g.

32.000, 32.025, 32.050, & 32.075.

3
 Offset SC Frequencies

• Select a channel
• Press FREQ (#####)
• Press OFST (0)
• Press CHG (+5)
• Frequency is offset 5 kHz higher

LO SC 1
. 35730

The Function switch does not have to be in the LD position.

• Press the CHG button once +5 is displayed.

• Keep pressing CHG to scroll though the choices. (0, +5, +10, -10, -5)

You do not need to press the STO button after the correct offset is displayed.

You can press the FREQ button to verify the frequency.

Offset is normally used to help work through jamming or other interferences. The
channel spacing is still 25 KHz and it is possible to interfere with another SC
frequency.

4
 Practical Exercise

• Zero the RT
• Program frequencies

LO SC 1
. 35730

1. Mode = SC
2. COMSEC = PT
3. Function switch to LD
4. Select a channel
5. Press FREQ button
6. Press MENU/CLR button
7. Enter desired frequency
8. Press STO button
9. Select the next channel

5
 TAB

Insert Tab # 4 Here

COMSEC Loading
2
 COMSEC Fill Positions

• Total of six
• Positions 1 – 5 are for TEKs
• Position 6 is for a KEK
• You can also load a TEK in position 6 but you will
not be able to receive an OTAR
• The MAN & CUE channels use TEK 5
• A different key can be loaded in each slot

LO FH 1 CT
. TEK 1

• TEK: Traffic Encryption Key. Used to encrypt voice and data

transmissions.

• KEK: Key Encryption Key. Used to encrypt other COMSEC keys for
OTAR & OTAT (Over the Air Rekey & Over the Air Transfer)

It is possible to have 5 different TEKs loaded into the RT.

Normally though, all 5 TEK slots are filled with the same TEK.

3
 COMSEC Fill Procedures

• Mode = SC
• COMSEC = CT
• Function switch to LD
• Connect Fill device to FILL connector
• Press load button (HTEK)
• Press store button (STO_)
• Press button (1-6) where you want to store the fill
(beep in HS)
• Repeat to load all 6 slots

Set the radio to SC, CT.

The RT must be in SC & CT to load single keys. If the RT is in FH, single key
load will fail.

If the RT is in PT, single key load will also fail.

Do not press the load button on the RT until the Fill device tells you to.

HTEK stands for Hold TEK, indicating the radio has received the COMSEC key
and is holding it, waiting for you to store it into a permanent memory slot.

4
 COMSEC Fill Procedures

• AN/CYZ-10
• RDS SOFTWARE
Send Receive Database
sEtup Comsec Time

vG Ld Rv
Ak MK vU

Select:
Tek Kek

Select key qUit

USKAT1234 XMT

Press [Load] on RT

If using RDS (Radio) software from an AN/CYZ-10 use the following steps.

1. Select COMSEC
2. Select LD
3. Select the key type (TEK or KEK)
4. If necessary press the P DN (page down) to locate the correct key
5. Press the ENTR button to ‘tag’ the key. XMT will be in the lower right. Be
sure to tag only one key. Pressing the ENTR button again will un-tag the
key.
6. Select QUIT
7. Connect ANCD to RT is displayed on the AN/CYZ-10, press ENTR or the
down arrow button
8. Sending TEK USKAT1234 (for example) is displayed.
9. Press [LOAD] on RT is displayed. NOW press the LOAD button on the
RT. If the transfer was good, the RT will display HTEK and the AN/CYZ-
10 will display 1 keys Transferred then return to the LD screen.
10. On the RT, press STO, then one of the 6 COMSEC positions (1-6).

5
 COMSEC Fill Procedures
AN/PYQ-10 (SKL)

If using an AN/PYQ-10 SKL (Simple Key Loader) use the following steps.

1. After you have logged into the SKL select the Keys Tab.
2. Select the correct key then press the LOAD icon in the top right of the
screen.
3. Select DS-102 for the Protocol and KYK-13 for the Activation Mode.
Press OK.
4. Press OK at the Ready to Send Key screen.
5. When the Status screen displays ‘Press INITIATE Button…, press the
LOAD button on the RT. If the transfer was good, the RT will display
HTEK and the AN/PYQ-10 will display Operation Successful.
6. Ensure you store the key into a permanent memory slot.

6
 Scrolling COMSEC

• Press CMSC button

• Press CHG button
• Simply changing your channel puts the TEK back into
it’s original channel
• Cannot scroll fill position 6

LO FH 1 CT
. TEK 1

Example: The RT is on channel 1; press the CMSC button and TEK 1 is

displayed.

• Press the CHG button, the display changes to TEK 2.

• Keep pressing the CHG key it scrolls to TEK 5 then back to TEK 1.

It cannot scroll to position 6 because it is the KEK slot.

7
 Practical Exercise

Load COMSEC into all 6 slots of the RT

8
 TAB

Insert Tab # 5 Here

Scan Operations
2
 Scan Operations (1)

• Select CUE channel

• Mode FH
• Press STO button (SCAN_)
• Press number 0 – 8 to set priority channel

LO FH Q CT
. SCAN8

The SINCGARS radio has the ability to scan up to eight single channel
frequencies. When a signal is found, the RT will lock on that channel, and the
RT display will show the number of that channel. The RT cannot scan
Frequency Hopping nets.

After pressing the STO button, press the number of the channel you want to be
the Priority Channel. Press 8 if you do not want a Priority Channel.

To transmit on a locked channel, press PTT within 2.5 seconds after net clears.

To select a channel to transmit on, use keypad to enter the channel number, and
channel will appear in the RT display. Press PTT within 2.5 seconds of channel
number appearing in display.

To resume scanning while a channel is locked in, press FREQ.

3
 Scan Operations (2)

• Priority channel
• Delete channel from scan
• Add channel back to scan
• Exit scan mode

LO FH Q CT
. 50000

To transmit on the priority channel, you merely press the PTT, and RT display
will show “CH X”, and you are ready to transmit.

To delete a channel from the scan sequence, enter the channel number, and
press CLR.

To add a deleted channel, enter channel number and the display will show the
channel #. The channel is added.

To exit scan mode on the RT-1523E, move the function switch to LD then back
to SQ-ON.

Previous models you could just move the channel switch off CUE, but on the “E”
model, the menu button is disabled while in scan. CLR works, but MENU does
not.

To exit scan on the E model, move the function switch to LD then back to SQ-
ON.

4
 TAB

Insert Tab # 6 Here

SINCGARS Frequency
Hopping (FH)
Programming
2
 Frequency Hopping Definitions

• FH DATA: Hopset, lockouts (if used), TSK, and net ID.

• LOADSET: All COMSEC keys, FH data, and SYNC
time required to load all six RT channels for frequency
hopping, cipher text mode of communications

• HOPSET: Frequencies made available for a SINCGARS radio to hop on

are called a “Hopset”. The average Hopset contains about 1200 of the
2320 possible frequencies.

• “Lockouts” are protected frequencies, such as commercial television, that

are removed from the Hopset.

• A “Loadset” is defined as all of the COMSEC keys (TEK and KEK) and
FH data (Hopset, TSK, and net ID) required loading all six channels of the
SINCGARS radio.

• ESET: An ESET is the FH data for one channel.

3
 Definitions

• NET ID: Three digit number from 000 – 999

designating specific nets within a given TSK

• Transmission Security Key (TSK): Scrambles the

frequency hop pattern and is contained within a
LOADSET. TSK’s are randomly generated by the
RBECS or ACES application.

The Net IDs are 000 to 999 and it controls where in the pseudo-random
sequence the radio begins to hop on the frequency set. Radios must be on the
same Net ID to communicate.

The TSK (transmission security key) determines the random pattern in which the
radio selects frequencies to hop on.

There can be one TSK or up to six TSKs in a FH LOADSET. A single TSK

means that all 6 channels (or ESETs) are identical.

If the FH LOADSET has 6 TSKs, then each channel (or ESET) will not be
compatible with the other 5 channels. This essentially means that the FH
LOADSET has 6000 net IDs.

RBECS has been replaced with ACES.

4
 Frequency Hopping (1)

• What is frequency hopping

• Time is very important in FH
• There are 7 clocks in the RT
• The CUE and MAN channel will display the base clock
time
• Loading time can be done by: DTD or PLGR, manually
via the keypad, or by receipt of a cold start net
opening ERF

In the frequency hopping (FH) mode of operation, the SINCGARS radio transmits
and receives on many of the 2320 possible frequencies in a pseudo-random
pattern determined by the TSK. Frequency hopping (FH) mode is for electronic
counter counter-measure (ECCM) operation. The radio hops on over 100
frequencies per second to prevent interception of the radios transmission. It also
prevents direction finding equipment to locate your position.

SYNC Time is very important in FH because of the fast nature of the hopping,
radios must have the same sync time, within plus or minus 4 seconds, or they will
not be able to communicate.

7 clocks: a base clock plus one for each of the six FH channels.

When in the CUE and MAN channels, the base clock time can be displayed.
However, the CUE and MAN are single channel and do not use a clock.

DTD or Data Transfer Device can be an AN/CYZ-10, AN/PYQ-10, or any other

COMSEC transfer device.

5
 Frequency Hopping (2)

• All three procedures set all seven clocks to the same

SYNC time
• Once your RT is operational in the FH mode, SYNC
time can be changed in a single channel, leaving other
channels unchanged.
• During FH operations usually only the NCS RT is
loaded with the CUE and MANUAL frequency

The three procedures were loading from a DTD or PLGR, manually loading time,
and a cold start net opening ERF.

NOTE: Once time is loaded into the radio, the radio cannot be cold started.
However, it can still receive an ERF.

Normally a net operator would not load the CUE and MAN channels until they
need to use them.

6
 Frequency Hopping (3)

• The RT must be +/- 4 seconds in order to be in a FH

net
• The RT must be +/- one minute for passive late net
entry
• The RT must be at less than 100 days from net sync
time in order to receive an ERF

The Passive Late Net Entry process enables an operator to re-enter the net
without requiring action on the part of the NCS or other net operators.

An ERF is performed when the NCS needs to update time in a single RT, or to
update a single channel of a FH data by transmitting the information.

7
 Loading FH Loadset (1)

• Set RT controls to: CT

FH
LD
DATA OFF
• Turn on the DTD and select default LOADSET (follow
instructions on the DTD)

The RT-1523E can be on any channel when being filled. It is not necessary to
be in the MAN channel.

DATA OFF is a default setting when the RT has been Zeroized.

8
 Loading FH Loadset (2)
ƒ AN/CYZ-10
ƒ RDS SOFTWARE

Send Receive Database

sEtup Comsec Time

Send to:
Radio Ancd Stu Pc

Select: iCom Nonicom

Abn Rcu Haveq

Do you want to include

tine? (Y/N)

Press [Load] on RT
LO FH 1 CT
. F100

If using RDS (Radio) software from a AN/CYZ-10 use the following steps.

1. Select Send
2. Select Radio
3. Select iCom
4. Follow instructions to (Connect to RT AUD/Fill Connector), press ENTR.
5. (Set FCTN switch to LD on RT), press ENTR
6. (Do you want to include time?) If the correct date and time are in the
DTD, select Y, otherwise select N.
7. The DTD will state (Press [LOAD] on RT), so press LOAD. If the RT is
setup correctly and the DTD has a good connection to the RT, the DTD
will display each of the six COMSEC keys as they are loaded and the
handset will beep after each one. Then the DTD will load each of the six
channels (or ESETs) then the time. The RT will display LOAD throughout
the loading procedure.
8. If there were any errors, the DTD will display (ICOM transfer successful)
and the RT will display for example (FILL1) if in CH1.
9. At this time, you can disconnect the DTD and place the RT function switch
to SQ-ON then press the FREQ button. The RT will display the default FH
net ID for that channel. (e.g. F100)

9
 Loading FH Loadset (3)
AN/PYQ-10 (SKL)

If using an AN/PYQ-10 SKL (Simple Key Loader) use the following steps.

1. After you have logged into the SKL select the Eqs Tab.
2. Select RT-1523 or SINCGARS then press the LOAD icon in the top right
of the screen.
3. At the SINCGARS Mode screen, select ICOM Transfer and Include Time
(if needed). Press OK.
4. At the Connect to screen, connect the SKL to the RT then press Next>>
5. At the Profiles screen, ensure the RT is set as listed then press Send.
6. When the Status screen displays ‘Press LOAD Button…’ press the LOAD
button on the RT.
7. If the connect is good and there are not errors, the SKL will display
‘Sending TEK #1’ through #6, Sending Cold Start TSK, Sending Hopset
#1 through #6.
8. When complete the SKL will display ‘Re-load equipment’. At this time, you
can disconnect the SKL and place the RT function switch to SQ-ON.

10
 Hot Start Net Opening

The Hot Start method of opening a FH net in which net operators load the FH
LOADSET including SYNC time from their DTD or manually loading time from a
GPS source.

A Hot Start is the preferred method because it is simple and easy to execute and
the coordination requirements are reduced.

Use the following steps to perform a Hot Start Net Opening:

1. Zero the RT.

2. Set RT to: CT, FH, function switch to LD.
3. Load default LOADSET from DTD
4. Set function switch to SQ-ON
5. Select operational channel and Net ID.
6. Call NCS and ask permission to enter the net

11
 Practical Exercise

Hot Start Net Opening

Perform a Hot Start Net Opening according to the instructions in the previous
pages.

12
 Load Time Manually

ƒ Julian Calendars
ƒ GPS time

The first thing you need to properly load time manually you will need the Julian
Date. The Julian date is only 2 digits. 01 to 99, 00. 00 is used for the 100 digit.
There are two different Julian calendars, one for a regular year and one for leap
year. The next leap years are 2012, 2016, & 2020.

The second thing you need is the correct GPS time. The hour and minute,
seconds are not need because you cannot enter seconds into the RT. You will
enter the minute ahead of GPS time and store it when the RT and GPS match
time.

Check the time on the RT by pressing the Time button. Press once for the Julian
date, a second time for the hour & minute, and a third time for the minute &
seconds.

13
 Load Time Manually

Follow these steps to manually load time:

1. Obtain the running GPS time from a DTD or GPS device.

2. Place the function switch to LD.
3. Press the TIME button on RT
4. Press the CLR button.
5. Enter the correct Julian date.
6. Press the STO button.
7. Press the TIME button again.
8. Press the CLR button.
9. Enter the hour and enter the minute ahead of GPS time.
10. When the RT and GPS clocks match, press the STO button.
11. Press the TIME button again, the RT displays the minute and the seconds.
12. If the seconds are more then 1 second off GPS, reenter the time.

14
 Passive Late Net Entry (1)

• Note lack of traffic on net

• The RT is out of the +/- 4 sec window
• The RT is still in the +/- window of 1 minute of net
SYNC time

The term Late Net Entry means that the operator missed the announced net
opening time and wishes to enter the net now, the operator left the net for some
reason and now wants to re-enter, or sync time in the operator’s radio now differs
by more than +/- 4 seconds from that of the net.

There are fours ways in which an operator can perform a late net entry.

1. Passive late net entry

2. Hot start net entry
3. Reload sync time from GPS
4. CUE & ERF

The typical situation where the Passive method is most useful is when the radio
remains fully loaded with data but sync time has drifted out of the +/-4 second
window.

15
 Passive Late Net Entry (2)

Procedure:
• Press FREQ button (F# # #)
• Press SYNC button (LF # # #)
• Wait for radio traffic to be heard (do not press PTT)
• Display shows F # # #, the L was dropped
• Make commo check with NCS

LO FHLE 1 CT
. LF100

After pressing the SYNC button, the MODE changes from FH to FHLE and the
Net ID changes from F### to LF###. The operator then waits for traffic to be
heard on the net, at which time the display drops the “L” and reads a normal “F
XXX” and the “LE” is dropped from the MODE. At this point, time has been
electronically brought back into sync, and the operator is back in the net.

If traffic is not heard for three minutes or so you must perform a Hot Start,
procedure or you must perform the CUE and ERF procedure.

16
 Practical Exercise

Passive Late Net Entry

One radio will set their time off from the rest. All other radios will then re-sync
their time to the first.

17
 Definitions

• CUE FREQUENCY: SC frequency designated to

contact the NCS when the caller has a non-FH radio
or has lost contact with the FH net

• MANUAL FREQUENCY: SC frequency designated for

transmission and receipt of ERFs

NCS

FH Data + Sync time

A non-FH radio is a radio that does not have a FH LOADSET in it. It only has
Single Channel frequencies programmed.

An ERF (Electronic Remote Fill) is used for two purposes:

1. Late Net Entry where an operator will CUE the NCS and request an ERF
to Re-sync their radio.

2. Net Update where the NCS sends new FH data to all net radios. The
procedure for both is the same; the CUEing is the only difference.

Normally only the NCS and alternate NCS have the CUE frequency loaded in
their radios. An operator only loads the CUE frequency when they need to use it.
Any station with the CUE frequency loaded will receive the CUE.

18
 CUE and ERF Procedure

The operator:
1. Loads the CUE and MAN frequencies into the RT
2. Sets the RT to CUE channel
3. Sets the MODE to SC
4. Sets the COMSEC to PT
5. Presses the PTT button and holds it for 4 – 5 seconds
6. Sets the COMSEC back to CT & waits for the NCS to
answer
7. Repeat as necessary
8. When the NCS responds, request the NCS send you an
ERF
9. Follow NCS instructions

Since the rest of the procedure is identical to a Cold Start Net Opening, we will
skip to that procedure.

19
 Definitions

Cold Start Net Opening: Method of opening a FH net

in which each member loads the FH LOADSET
without time and stands by for receipt of SYNC time
sent electronically by the NCS

NCS

FH Data + Sync time

20
 Cold Start Net Opening (Members)

No Time

LO FH M CT
. COLD

Member Operators:

1. Load RT with default LOADSET (do not load time)

2. Load MAN channel into RT
3. Set RT to LD, CT, FH, MAN (display shows COLD)
4. Standby until NCS sends ERF (follow NCS instructions)

The MANUAL channel is a secure channel and the NCS can give instructions
over this channel.

21
 Cold Start Net Opening (NCS) 1

No Time

LO FHM M CT
. COLD

NCS:

1. Load RT with default LOADSET with GPS time

2. Load MAN & CUE channels into the RT
3. Set RT to LD, CT, FHM, MAN (display shows COLD)
4. Alert members that the net is to be opened
5. Instruct net where to store ERF & then to go to that channel after the ERF
is stored. e.g. Net this is NCS, STO 1, Go 1

22
 Cold Start Net Opening (NCS) 2

LO FHM M CT
. COLD LO FHM M CT
. HF100

LO FHM M CT
. SEND

LO FHM M CT
. STO 1

LO FHM 1 CT
. F100

NCS:

1. Press LOAD button

2. Press the CH # you are sending, the display shows (HF # # #)
3. Press ERF button, the display shows (SEND)
4. Press STO button, the display shows (STO _)
5. Press the CH # to store ERF (RT handset will beep)
6. Set the function switch to SQ-ON.
7. Go to the operational channel you just ERFed, wait a few seconds then
perform a radio check

23
 Cold Start Net Opening (Operator)

LO FH M CT
. HF100
LO FHM M CT
. STO 1

LO FH 1 CT
. F100

Member Operators:

1. While waiting, note signal display activity, the display shows (HF # # #)
2. Press STO # (1 – 6 based on NCS instructions)
3. Set the Function switch to SQ-ON
4. Go to the channel NCS instructed you to
5. Perform a radio check with the NCS or wait for the NCS to perform the
radio check.

Any station that did not receive the Cold Start Net Opening will have to CUE the
NCS and request it again.

HF### indicates the radio has received an ERF. Store the ERF in one of the six
channels as per NCS instructions.

The ERF includes the net ID not just the SYNC Time.

If the NCS is sending only one ERF, then after storing it go to the channel and do
a radio check with the NCS.

24
 Practical Exercise

Cold Start Net Opening

LO FHM M CT LO FH M CT
. COLD . COLD

Radios will have to be Zeroed and reloaded before the PE.

25
 Change NET ID #

Changing a Net ID is similar to

programming single channel frequencies

LO FH 1 CT
. F327

Use the following steps:

1. Place the Function switch to LD

2. Choose the channel you wish to change (1 – 6)
3. Press the FREQ button, the display shows (F # # #)
4. Press the CLR button, the display shows (F ___)
5. Enter the new 3 digit Net ID
6. Press the STO button, the display will blink indicating the Net ID has been
saved
7. Repeat for all channels.
8. Place the Function switch to SQ-ON and perform a commo check

26
 TAB

Insert Tab # 7 Here

Retransmit Operations
2
 RXMT Operations
• Retransmission operations are utilized when a unit, command, or
activity is too far away for solid two-way communications; or when
there is an immovable object blocking your communications attempts.

The SINCGARS radio has a built-in retransmission capability, which requires

only two radios and the addition of an RXMT cable (CX-13298) for operations.

Any configuration of the ground ICOM radio can be used for retransmission.

Meaning single channel to single channel, single channel to frequency hopping,

and frequency hopping to frequency hopping. They can also change between
CT and PT.

3
 Single Channel to Single Channel
ƒ Both RTs at the RXMT site will be set up the same, with
the exception of the frequency
ƒ The frequencies will be at least 10 MHz apart

LO SC 1 CT LO SC 1 CT
. 32525 . 42525

1. Attach RXMT cable to RXMT connector

2. Set RT controls: (both RTs)
3. CHAN: as directed
4. PWR: as directed
5. FCTN: RXMT
6. MODE: SC
7. COMSEC: PT or CT
8. Frequency: as directed

4
 Single Channel to Frequency
Hopping

LO SC 1 CT LO FH 1 CT
. 32525 . F100

The primary radio RT or RT one at the RXMT site will always be the FH radio

FH NET
1. Set RT controls: (RT 1)
2. CHAN: as directed
3. PWR: as directed
4. FCTN: RXMT
5. MODE: FH
6. COMSEC: CT

SC NET
1. Set RT controls: (RT 2)
2. CHAN: as directed
3. PWR: as directed
4. FCTN: RXMT
5. MODE: SC
6. COMSEC: CT (RT-1523 must be in CT, A-E models can do CT)

5
 Frequency Hopping to
Frequency Hopping

Both RTs at the RXMT site will be set up the same,

with the exception of the Net ID

LO FH 1 CT LO FH 1 CT
. F200 . F100

1. Set RT controls: (both RTs)

2. CHAN: as directed
3. PWR: as directed
4. FCTN: RXMT
5. MODE: FH
6. COMSEC: CT
7. FH ID: as directed

6
 TAB

Insert Tab # 8 Here

Remote Control Unit
(RCU)
2
 Use RT as a Remote Control Unit
(RCU)

The RT-1523 with SIP/ASIP software can be used

as a remote control unit by selecting RCU from the
keypad.

RCU RT

up to 4 kilometers

A Two Wire Adapter for both radios as well as wire is needed to perform this
function

1. Perform an ICOM fill on both RCU and RT.

2. Install two-wire link between the two RTs
3. Set the remote RT function switch to REM.
4. Set the RCU function switch to SQ-ON
5. Press the RCU button on RCU and press CHG until RCU is displayed
6. Wait 7 seconds and RCU (RT) display will blink. Remote operation is
setup.

The RCU display will show “OPEN” whenever the connecting field wire is
disconnected or cut, or when the RT’s function switch is set to other than REM.

3
 RCU (RT)

The RCU operator can talk with the remote RT

operator over the non-secure two-wire
connection also known as an orderwire.

RCU RT

Intercom or orderwire

At the RCU:

1. Set it to PT
2. Set the function switch to REM
3. Press the RCU CALL key and PTT at the same time for 4 – 7 seconds.
This produces a ringing tone and a CALL message at the Remote RT.
4. Operators can now talk over the 2-wire connection.
5. When done, set the RCU function switch to SQ-ON.

4
 Handheld Remote Control Radio
Device (HRCRD)
Handheld Remote Control Radio Device, C-2493/U

The HRCRD is used with manpack radio AN/PRC-119A/D/F and the dismount
kits of vehicular radio configurations.

The HRCRD enables the manpack operator to control the following:

1. Channel selection
2. Change COMSEC (CT, PT)
3. Change the Mode (FH, FHM, SC)
4. Change the RF Power
5. Adjust the Volume using the thumb wheel on the side of the device. (The
HRCRD does not change the volume setting on the RT; it just adjusts it at
the speaker.)

It can be used as a normal handset.

5
 HRCRD (2)

Operation

1. Connect the HRCRD “Y” cable ends to the RT AUD/FILL or AUD/DATA

port and to the AUX connector on the back of the RT-1523E. For previous
models, connect it to the 6-pin connector on Battery Box CY-8523C.
2. Program all channels first, set the volume & whisper mode.
3. Place the RT function switch to REM; the HRCRD can now control the RT.

It has three front panel controls and a side volume control.

1. Press the SEL button until the required function is highlighted (CHAN,
COMSEC, RF PWR, or MODE).
2. Then press the DOWN ARROW until the specific item you need appears
in the display.
3. Press the Light button to turn the backlight on.
4. Press it a second time to turn the light off or wait 8 seconds for it to go off
on its own.
5. Rotate the volume control knob on the side to adjust the volume.
6. Press both the SEL and Down Arrow at the same time to reset the RT
back to the default settings

The HRCRD can be used with vehicular configurations by connecting one end of
the “Y” cable to the J9 port of the VAA. This will control the “A” radio only.
AN/PRC-119A/D/F. “A” radios are the first models without SIP or ASIP. “D”
radios are SIP RTs. “F” radios are ASIP RTs.
6
 TAB

Insert Tab # 9 Here

Over the Air Rekey
(OTAR)
2
 Over the Air Rekey (OTAR)

MK OTAR using an AN/CYZ-10

OTAR: Over the Air Rekey is used to transmit a TEK through the RT to one or
more target radios or target DTDs.

• To re-key a target RT use the AK or Automatic Keying procedure.

• To send the re-key to a target DTD use the MK or Manual Keying
procedure.

MK is also known as an OTAT, Over the Air Transfer. Whether it is an OTAR or

OTAT, the TEK must be transmitted on a channel using a KEK.

NCS actions to send MK OTAT from an operational net:

Notify the Net to make preparations and standby for MK OTAR.

1. Load KEK into Channel 6

2. Set the function switch to SQ-ON
3. Set the MODE to FH-M
4. Set the COMSEC to CT
5. Set the DATA to OFF

3
 MK OTAR (1)

NCS Actions

Send Receive Database

sEtup Comsec Time

vG Ld Rv
Ak Mk vU

Select key qUit

USKAT1234

Connect to RT and
press [SEND ] WAIT! Do not press SEND yet

NCS Actions:

6. Turn AN/CYZ-10 on and load RADIO application.

7. Select COMSEC
8. Select MK
9. At Select key screen, use the P DN button to page down and find the
correct TEK, press the ENTR button.
10. DTD reads: Connect to RT and press SEND (wait)
11. Notify the net again to make special preparations and acknowledge when
ready to receive MK OTAR.

4
 MK OTAR (2)

Outstations Actions: Set up radio

Send Receive Database

sEtup Comsec Time

vG Ld Rv
Ak Mk vU

Connect to RT and
press [ RCV ]

WAIT! Do not press RCV yet

All stations receiving the OTAR will do the following:

1. Load KEK into Channel 6

2. Set the function switch to SQ-ON
3. Set COMSEC to CT
4. Set DATA to OFF
5. Turn AN/CYZ-10 on and load RADIO application.
6. Select Comsec
7. Select Rv
8. RT displays “Connect to RT press [RCV ]”
9. Acknowledge to the NCS that your station is ready.

5
 MK OTAR (3)

NCS Actions: Notify net

Connect to RT and
press [SEND ]

Transfer in progress.

Sending TEK
USKAT1234

1 key transferred.

NCS Actions:

10. When all stations have acknowledged they are prepared to receive MK
OTAR, inform them that the OTAR will now be sent, & after receipt of
OTAR return to channel 1.
11. Notify the net to go to channel six and press RCV now.
12. Wait 20 seconds then go to channel 6 and press SEND. Display will
show:
• [Transfer in progress],
• [Sending TEK xxxxxx], then
• [1 key transferred]

6
 MK OTAR (4)

Outstations Actions: Press RCV

Connect to RT and
press [ RCV ]

Load in Progress

Enter text ID = >?????????

All stations:

13. Go to channel 6 and press RCV. Display will show:

• [Load in progress], then

14. [Enter text ID =>?????????]

15. Go to Channel 1 and wait for further instructions from the NCS.

7
 MK OTAR (5)

NCS Actions: Return to Ch 1

1 key transferred.

NCS Actions:

16. Return to Channel 1

17. Wait 30 seconds, announce that OTAR is complete, and give the TEK ID
and effective times.

8
 MK OTAR (6)

Outstations Actions: Enter TEK ID

Enter text ID = >?????????

Enter text ID = >USKAT1234

Do you want to skip Tag

sequence? (Y/N)

1 key received

All stations:

18. Enter Text ID provided by NCS.

19. Display will show [Do you want to skip Tag sequence? (Y/N)], select Y.

If you select N, the ANCD will ask you about 10 more questions about the key
that you do not have the answers to.

9
 MK OTAD (1)

MK OTAD using an AN/PYQ-10 SKL

The SKL calls it an OTAD (Over the Air Distribution) not an OTAR or OTAT.

When the NCS is performing an MK OTAR with an SKL, they do not need to load
the KEK before starting. Loading the KEK is part of the SKLs MK OTAR
process.

The NCS will need to tell the Outstations the TEK’s key attributes (short title,
edition, segment, and text ID) prior to sending the OTAD. The SKL requires this
information to create a Key Tag before the key is received not after like the
AN/CYZ-10.

10
 MK OTAD (2)

NCS Actions

NCS actions to perform an MK OTAR using an AN/PYQ-10 SKL.

Of course, notify the outstations the same as before with and AN/CYZ-10.

1. After logging into the SKL program, select File.

2. Select OTAD - Manual Rekey (MK)
3. At the Select and equipment screen, select RT-1523 or RT1523B

11
 MK OTAD (3)

NCS Actions

NCS actions:

4. Perform MK-RV? Select Yes

5. Generate new replacement TEK? Select No
6. At the Select an outstation KEK screen, select the KEK that the receiving
stations are supposed to use, press Next>>.

12
 MK OTAD (4)

NCS Actions

NCS actions:

7. At the Select a replacement TEK: screen, select the new TEK that needs
to be transmitted to the receiving stations, press Next>>
8. Load outstation KEK to NCS, press Next>>
9. Load outstation KEK to NCS, follow the instructions, then press Finish.

13
 MK OTAD (5)

NCS Actions

NCS actions:

10. Ready to Send Key, press OK.

11. Status: Follow the instructions; press the LOAD button on the RT then
STO & 6 buttons.
12. Press OK on the Operation Successful window, then the Done button at
the bottom of the Status screen.

14
 MK OTAD (6)

NCS Actions

NCS actions:

13. Follow the steps on the Pre-steps MK-RV Operation screen. Ensure that
you tell the outstations to initiate the RV and give them a few seconds to
do so.
14. After you press Finish, a status screen will show “MK in progress…” then
“Operation Successful”. Press the OK button.
15. Follow the instructions on the Post-steps MK-RV Operation screen. Press
Finish.
16. Poll net. Re-try MK operation for failed outstations. If any station did not
receive the MK OTAD, select Yes, otherwise select No.
17. If you need to load the original KEK back into you RT, press Finish. If not,
press Cancel.

15
 MK OTAD (7)

Outstations Actions

Outstation actions:

1. After logging into your SKL, select File - OTAD - Receive Variable (RV).
2. Enter the Key Tag Information given by the NCS, press Next>>.
3. Finish entering the Key Tag Information, press Next>>.

16
 MK OTAD (8)

Outstations Actions

Outstation actions:

4. At the Profile screen, follow the instructions. Ensure that you do not press
finish until the NCS instructs you to!
5. The Status screen will show RV in progress. If the key was successfully
received, the “Load Key Received” screen will be displayed.
6. At this point, follow the NCS instructions for Post-steps MK-RV Operation.
7. Now you can select to store the key in the SKL and load the key into your
RT.

17
 MK OTAR and OTAD

Practical Exercise

18
 AK OTAR (1)

AK OTAR using an AN/CYZ-10

Automatic Keying:

The AK OTAR transmits the new TEK from the NCS radio directly into the
operators’ radios. The receiving operator is not required to take any action at all.

A disadvantage is that the TEK and KEK in the receiving radios are changed
immediately while the sending NCS must reload that radio with the new TEK and
an updated KEK. This procedure involves the risk of losing communications in
CT mode.

NCS actions to send AK OTAR from an operational net.

Notify the Net that you are going to perform an AK OTAR.

1. Load the KEK into Channel 6
2. Set the function switch to SQ-ON
3. Set the MODE to FH-M
4. Set the COMSEC to CT
5. Set the DATA to OFF

19
 AK OTAR (2)

NCS actions: Send TEK & KEK

Send Receive Database

sEtup Comsec Time

vG Ld Rv
Ak Mk vU

Select key qUit

USKAT4321 KEK

Select key qUit

USKAT1234

NCS Actions:

1. Turn AN/CYZ-10 on and load RADIO application.

2. Select Comsec
3. Select AK
4. Press P DN to the correct KEK; then press ENTR. KEK will be displayed
in the lower right.
5. Select qUit. The display will momentarily display “1 KEKs selected” then
change to Select key.
6. Press P DN to the correct TEK; then press ENTR. The display will
momentarily display “1 TEK selected” then change to [Connect to RT and
press [SEND ].

20
 AK OTAR (3)

NCS actions: Send TEK & KEK

Connect to RT and
press [SEND ]

Transfer in progress.

Sending TEK to:

USKAT4321

1 key transferred.

NCS Actions:

1. Notify the net to standby for AK OTAR, and wait for their
acknowledgement.
2. After SEND is pressed, the DTD will display Transfer in progress; Sending
TEK to: USKATxxxx, the 1 key transferred; then returns to the Ak screen.

21
 AK OTAR (4)

NCS actions: Load NCS RT

vG Ld Rv
Ak Mk vU

Select:
Tek Kek

Select key qUit

USKAT1234 XMT

Press [Load] on RT

NCS Actions:

The NCS will then need to do two things after sending the new TEK & KEK to net
members.

1. First, load the new TEK into their RT.

2. Second, the KEK needs to be updated.

The original KEK has been altered in both the NCS RT and all outstation RTs
that received the OTAR. In order to OTAR, another TEK the KEK must be
updated in the DTD then loaded back into the NCS RT.

1. Select Ld.
2. Select TEK.
3. P DN to the new TEK you just AK OTA Red, press ENTR.
4. Select qUit.
5. Press LOAD on the RT & store it.
6. On the operational channel, perform a radio check. The AK OTAR will
need to be repeated for any station that did not receive it. Do this
before updating the KEK. Once all outstations have received the AK
OTAR, then update the KEK.

22
 AK OTAR (5)

NCS actions: Update KEK

vG Ld Rv
Ak Mk vU

Select key qUit

USKAT4321

Connect to RT and
press [RCV ]

Enter Key Text ID

=>?????????????????

Key updated successfully

. [ ]

NCS Actions:

1. Select vU.
2. P DN to find the correct KEK to update, press ENTR.
3. “Connect to RT and press [RCV]”, press the RCV button on the DTD.
4. The DTD will display “Transfer in progress.”, then “Enter Ket Text ID ???”.
Type in a new Text ID and press ENTR.
5. Load the updated KEK into the RT into COMSEC position 6.

Now you are ready to AK OTAR again.

Only the TEK for the operational channel was changed. All other channels in the
outstation RTs will have to be OTARed separately.

23
 AK OTAD (1)

AK OTAD using an AN/PYQ-10 SKL

24
 AK OTAD (2)

NCS Actions: Select AK OTAD

NCS actions to perform an AK OTAD using an AN/PYQ-10 SKL:

Of course, notify the outstations the same as before with and AN/CYZ-10.
Load the new TEK into an unused TEK slot.

1. After logging into the SKL program, select File.

2. Select OTAD - Automatic Rekey (AK)
3. At the Select and equipment screen, select RT-1523 or RT1523B

25
 AK OTAD (3)

NCS Actions: Select the KEK & TEK

NCS actions:

1. Generate new replacement TEK? Select No

2. At the Select one or more outstation KEK(s) screen, select the KEK that
the receiving stations are supposed to use, press Next>>.
3. At the Select a replacement TEK: screen, select the new TEK that needs
to be transmitted to the receiving stations, press Finish.

26
 AK OTAD (4)

NCS Actions: Transmit AK

NCS Actions:

1. Follow on screen instructions. Once net is notified, press Finish.

2. A status screen will show the AK in progress then an Operation
Successful window. Press OK.
3. A Post-steps AK Non-cooperative screen will display “AK complete”, press
Finish.
4. Switch your RT to the new TEK and perform a radio check to determine if
any outstations did not receive the new TEK.
5. Press Yes if all outstations have been successfully rekeyed.

27
 AK OTAD (5)

NCS Actions: Update KEK

NCS Actions:

1. Select File - OTAD - Variable Update (VU).

2. Select the KEK you used during the OTAD, press Next>>.

28
 AK OTAD (6)

NCS Actions

NCS Actions:

1. Press Finish on the “Generated KEK(s):” screen. A status screen will

show VU in progress, and then return to the main operational screen.

2. Load the new KEK segment into the NCS RT.

Unlike the AN/CYZ-10, the SKL does not overwrite the old KEK. It creates
another segment to the same key.

29
 TAB

Insert Tab # 10 Here

Vehicular Configurations
2
 Vehicular Configurations (1)

There are six configurations of vehicular radios.

They are:
1. Short Range Vehicular Radio AN/VRC-87A/D/F
2. Short Range Radio with Dismount
AN/VRC-88/A/D/F
3. Long Range (LR) Radio (AN/VRC-90A/D/F)

The “A/D/F” in SINCGARS radio nomenclature means that these are ICOM
radios.

The AN/VRC-88A/D/F is the same as the AN/VRC-87 plus a Manpack Radio.

3
 Vehicular Configurations (2)

4. Short Range/Long Range Radio

AN/VRC-89A/D/F
5. Short Range/Long Range Radio with Dismount
AN/VRC-91A/D/F
6. Long Range/Long Range Radio
AN/VRC-92A/D/F

The vehicle radio in the picture is the AN/VRC-89A/D/F; there is only one PA
(power amp).

The AN/VRC-91 is the same as the AN/VRC-89 plus a Manpack Radio.

The Installation Kit has only one amplifier adapter. Therefore, the AN/VRC-92
requires a Power Amplifier Mount (MT-6353) for the second Power Amplifier.

All six configurations use the same (VAA) Vehicular Amplifier Adapter and
Mounting Base. Just add a PA to the AN/VRC-87 and it is now an AN/VRC-90.

4
 TAB

Insert Tab # 11 Here

 Final
Practical Exercise
2
 End of Course Quiz (1)

• What is the battery life of a BA-5590/U?

• What is the frequency range?

• How many single channels presets are there?

• How many COMSEC fills?

3
 End of Course Quiz (2)

• How many preset FH channels?

• What is the minimum separation in MHz between

retransmit frequencies?

• What number do you press to change your channel to

CUE?

4
 End of Course Quiz (3)

• What number do you press to change your channel to

MANUAL?

• What is the HI power setting?

• What is the PA setting?

5
 End of Course Quiz (4)

• What mode are you in to enter a MAN frequency?

• How far can your RT be off in time and still talk on a

FH net?

• How far can your RT be off in time and still perform a

passive late net entry?

6
 End of Course Quiz (5)

• How far can your RT be off in time and still receive an

ERF?

• What position is the function switch in if you want to

use the HRCRD?

• How many clocks are in the RT?

7
 End of Course Quiz (6)

• Can you do CT RXMT operations through RXMT

radios set in PT?

• Are the CUE and MAN channels part of a LOADSET?

• What are the four methods of late net entry?

8
Questions?