UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
J.P Rizal Extension, West Rembo, City of Makati
COLLEGE OF GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY
Government And Politics Of East Asia
NAME: _Villa, Jefferson T.______________________________________________________
YEAR AND SECTION: _IV-PCY______ DATE: _May 3, 2023__________________________
1. How different types of state have emerged out of the traditional East Asian
political order?
- The traditional East Asian political order has witnessed the emergence of
different types of states, each influenced by unique historical, cultural, and
socio-economic factors. The region’s political landscape has been shaped by
diverse models, ranging from centralized empires to feudal systems, and
modern nation-states. Ancient China’s centralized imperial system,
characterized by a powerful bureaucracy and Confucian ideology, set the
precedent for governance in neighboring states like Korea, Vietnam, and
Japan. However, as these states evolved, they incorporated elements of their
own cultures and traditions, leading to distinct variations. Feudal systems
emerged in Japan, where power was decentralized among regional lords
known as daimyos. Conversely, Korea maintained a more centralized
bureaucracy under the influence of China. With the advent of Western
colonialism, the East Asian states faced new challenges and began
transitioning into modern nation-states. These transformations highlight the
adaptability of the East Asian political order, as different states adopted
various systems that suited their unique circumstances while preserving
elements of their traditional heritage.
2. Explain the fundamental reasons for the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.
- The collapse of the Qing Dynasty in China can be attributed to several
fundamental reasons. Firstly, the dynasty faced internal challenges, including
political corruption, economic instability, and social unrest. The ruling class
was plagued by corruption, leading to a loss of trust and legitimacy among
the people. Secondly, the dynasty failed to address the changing socio-
economic landscape, resulting in a widening wealth gap and widespread
poverty. The outdated agricultural system and the inability to adapt to
industrialization further exacerbated these issues. Additionally, the Qing
Dynasty faced external pressures, such as foreign imperialism and the rise of
nationalist movements. European powers and Japan encroached on Chinese
territories, weakening the dynasty’s authority and causing national
humiliation. Ultimately, these combined factors eroded the Qing Dynasty’s
authority, leading to its collapse and the subsequent establishment of the
Republic of China in 1912.
3. Discuss the derivation And Effects Of Imperialism In Japan
- Imperialism is a complex phenomenon that has shaped the course of history
in various nations, including Japan. This essay will discuss the derivation and
effects of imperialism in Japan, highlighting its impact on political, economic,
and social aspects. Japan’s encounter with Western powers during the 19 th
century marked a turning point in its history. The nation witnessed the arrival
of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853, which led to the realization of Japan’s
vulnerability and the need for modernization. Japan’s imperialistic ambitions
resulted in the acquisition of territories such as Taiwan, Korea, and parts of
China. This expansionism led to the establishment of a colonial
administration and the imposition of Japanese rule in these regions.
Imperialism allowed Japan to access valuable resources and establish trade
networks. The acquisition of new territories provided opportunities for
resource extraction and export-oriented industrialization, fueling economic
growth. Imperialism influenced Japanese society by introducing Western
ideas and cultural exchanges. Modernization efforts included adopting
Western legal systems, education reforms, and military restructuring.
Furthermore, imperialism contributed to nationalism and the emergence of an
imperialistic ideology, which glorified the expansionist policies and reinforced
Japanese identity. Imperialism played a crucial role in shaping Japan’s
trajectory in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The derivation of
imperialism in Japan stemmed from the nation’s recognition of its
vulnerability and the need for modernization. The effects of imperialism were
seen in political dominance, economic growth, and societal transformation.
Although imperialism brought benefits to Japan, it also had negative
consequences, such as strained relations with neighboring countries and
eventual involvement in World War II. Understanding Japan’s imperialistic
past is essential for comprehending its present-day dynamics and
relationships with other nations.
4. How this outcome has been shaped by the dynamics of political liberalization,
modern state building, economic and social development, and international
geopolitics?
- The outcome we witness today is a result of a complex interplay between
political liberalization, modern state building, economic and social development,
and international geopolitics. Political liberalization, marked by increased citizen
participation and expanded rights, has allowed for a more inclusive decision-
making process, shaping the outcome. Modern state building efforts have
established strong institutions, enabling effective governance and policy
implementation. Economic and social development, driven by market-oriented
reforms, has transformed societies, creating new opportunities and challenges.
These factors have shaped the outcome by influencing public opinion, political
dynamics, and policy choices. Furthermore, international geopolitics have played
a significant role, as global powers exert influence through alliances,
interventions, and economic ties, shaping the trajectory of nations. Geopolitical
competition has fueled conflicts, while cooperation has fostered stability and
integration. In sum, the outcome we see today is a product of the intricate
interplay between these dynamics, highlighting the interconnectedness of
political, economic, social, and international factors in shaping our world.
