REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN

Peace – Work - Fatherland Paix – Travail – Patrie

MINISTRY OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

MINISTERE DES ENSEIGNEMENTS SECONDAIRES
INSPECTORATE GENERAL OF EDUCATION
INSPECTION GENERALE DES ENSEIGNEMENTS

SUBJECT SYLLABUS: ECONOMICS SYLLABUS

SECONDARY GENERAL EDUCATION: LOWER AND UPPER SIXTH FORMS

Observing the environment in order to make informed choices on training options for a successful future
General Presentation of the Syllabus
Economics is the study of the efficient use of scarce resources in the production of goods and services to achieve the maximum satisfaction
of economic wants. It enables the learner to develop a clear understanding of the main principles of economic theory and basic economic
problem of allocating resources. It equally permits the learner to acquire the skills to apply economic principles in seeking solutions to
economic and social problems within his/her locality, Cameroon and the world.

Place of the Syllabus in the Curriculum

This Economics syllabus is designed to help the learners to analyse and explain the basic economic problems in order to allocate resources
more efficiently. It permits them to compare the factors of production in order to establish their interrelationship in the production process
and to design simple projects on how to set up and organise a business unit within their localities. It also enables them to assess the
importance of financial transactions in solving economic and social problems in Cameroon and the World. They will be able to evaluate
the importance of Cameroon’s economic relationship with the rest of the world. In addition, it permits them to synthesize economic growth
and development strategies in order to contribute to Cameroon’s economic development vision.

Contribution of the Teaching Syllabus to the Broad Area (Field) - of – Learning

Economics as a social science contributes to the study of economic and social phenomena in the society. It analyses situations by identifying
the various factors involved in them and the interrelationship between these factors. This permits the learner to reason accurately and
objectively about economic and social matters.

Contribution of the Teaching Syllabus to One or More Areas-of-Living

This syllabus handles issues related mainly to economic life as the broad areas of living. It promotes a lasting learner’s interest in economics
and economic related issues. It also develops in the learner awareness of some major issues of economic policy within his/her locality, the
national economy and the world as a whole.
SUB COMPETENCES OF THE SYLLABUS
This syllabus is aimed at developing in the learner the following sub competences:
 Manage resources sustainably;
 Organise market structures properly;
 Allocate the rewards of factor of production efficiently;
 Appraise the level of Economic activities efficiently;
 Better organise and regulate the monetary system;
 Manage the budget efficiently;
 Enhance the competiveness of Cameroon’s economy and promote economic cooperation with other international institutions
and regional groupings;
 Improve social and economic welfare.

PRESENTATION OF THE FAMILIES OF SITUATIONS COVERED BY THE SYLLABUS

N° FAMILIES OF SITUATIONS AREAS-OF-LIVING
1 MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES
2 THE MARKET
3 MANAGING RETURNS TO FACTOR OF PRODUCTION
4 MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME
5 FINANCING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC LIFE
6 MANAGEMENT OF THE BUDGET
7 GLOBALISATION
8 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELFARE
 SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENT OF THE DIFFERENT MODULES

CYCLE CLASS MODULES (UNITS) STATUS DURATION

No. TITLES (PERIODS)
1 UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF 68
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
2 UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTION OF 78
MARKET FORCES
SECOND LOWER AND UPPER SIXTH 3 UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF 58
CYCLE FORMS COMPETITION WITHIN MARKETS
UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE
COMPULSORY
4 DISTRIBUTION OF REWARDS TO FACTORS OF 37
PRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING THE MEASUREMENT AND
5 CIRCULATION OF NATIONAL INCOME IN AN 83
ECONOMY
6 UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF 36
FINANCIAL OPERATIONS IN AN ECONOMY
7 UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF 32
MANAGING PUBLIC FINANCE
8 UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE 53
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF
9 GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC AND WELFARE 55
POLICIES

NB: Project Based learning activities are previewed at the end of modules
PROGRAMME OF STUDY (SYLLABUS):
ECONOMICS
 Total Number of Periods : 360 +360=720
 Teaching-Learning Periods: 300 +300 =600
 Assessment-Correction- Remediation Periods: 60+60=120
 Project based learning: Projects are collected by teacher at the end of each academic year for
assessment.

 Number of Periods per Week: 10

 Coefficient : 5
 MODULE 1
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 68
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module introduces learners to Economics as a discipline. It equally introduces them to the different ways resources are allocated
in an Economy.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module enables the learner to demonstrate an ability to explain and
analyse the basic economic problem of allocating resources using economic concepts and principles.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: It helps the learner to adopt a rational behaviour in the
allocation of his/her resources to various uses.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-Review the meaning of Economics by different authors except that of Lionel Robbins
-Reasons for studying Economics
-Economics system: Meaning and types Discussion/Brainstorming 02
-Production:Meaning,types,stages and the factors of production
-Business units: Types and characteristics
-Introduction: Meaning, nature and scope of Economics

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitude) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
1)The Definition, tools - -Define -Attentiveness
and importance of Microeconomics -Analyse -Awareness
-Charts -Brainstorming
Economics -Select - Curiosity
- Analysis of
- Definition(,Lionel Microeconomics -Classify - Sense of -
-Iconographic
Robbins),tools,importance, (rank) Observation 02
Iconograph documents and
micro and -Organise - Sense of
Extracts
macroeconomics -Differentiate carefulness ic
-Reading and
2) The concept of -Wants/needs -Define - Orderliness
documents analysis of
-Rational use of Production Possibility -Shortage and -Differentiate -Respect
other
-Scarcity of resources Curve(PPC ) scarcity -Explain -Humility - Extracts
documents
resources - Introduce -Definition ,assumptions, -Choice -Illustrate -Tolerance 03
- - Enquiry
construction, changes in -Scale of -Collaboration
-Immobility of rational Pictures
the slopes and importance preference -Team spirit
available methods of Introductory The nature (scarcity, choice and -Opportunity
resources Production Ideas and scope opportunity cost) cost
Management -Disparity of Sustainable -Encourage of
Practical Work 1:The Production Possibility Curve(PPC)
of resources resources management mobility of Economics -Theoretical basis: Recall of the definition of opportunity cost and state the assumptions for the 02
-uneven of resources available illustration.
distribution of resources -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use the Production Possibility schedules to
resources -Increase the construct PPC with increasing, constant and decreasing costs. Illustrate the various shifts in PPC
scale of 3)Methodology of -Positive and -
production Economics normative Distinguish
-Positive and normative economics - Classify
-Make rational
economics -Economic -Examine Same as Same as Same as 02
choices -Economics methods methodology -Illustrate above above above
and techniques -Deductive and -Select
inductive analyses
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub-topics Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions Concepts Techniques
Guided Work 1:Economics as a Science
Enquiry on the following: Economics as a science and a social science. The limitation of social sciences and 02
why economists disagree.
(Restitution in class, discussion, and harmonisation )
4)The Meaning of -Economic -Attentiveness
Economic system system -Awareness -
-Charts
Definition, functions and types -Resource -Define - Curiosity Brainstorming
-The traditional economic allocation - Sense of - - Analysis of 01
-Identify
system:- meaning, -What, how Observation -Iconographic
Iconograph
examples,features,solving the and for -Give - Sense of documents
economic problem whom to carefulness ic and
examples
advantages and disadvantages produce? - Orderliness Extracts
documents
5)Market Economic system -Price -Illustrate -Respect -Reading and
-Inefficient -Government meaning, system -Humility - Extracts analysis of
-Differentiate
allocation of intervention to The examples,features,solving the - Laissez-faire -Tolerance other 02
-
Economic Economic economic problem -Consumer -Discuss -Collaboration documents
resources/finished regulate excesses Pictures
problems systems advantages and disadvantages sovereignty -Team spirit - Enquiry
goods -Follow procedure
Guided Work 2:The role of the price mechanism
-Disparities in for creating Enquiry on the definition, functioning, illustration, advantages and disadvantages of price mechanism. 02
income and Sustainable business units (Restitution in class, discussion, and harmonisation )
Management wealth management -Acquire training 6)Planned Economic system -Regulation -Define
of resources -Unregulated of resources in business meaning, examples, features, -Bureaucracy -Identify
business units management solving the economic -Give 01
-Poorly -Promote the problem advantages and examples
disadvantages -Illustrate
managed creation of small
7)Mixed Economic system -Private and -Differentiate
businesses Creation and firms meaning, examples, features, public -Discuss
- organization -Establish solving the economic problem sectors -Classify 02
Inadequate/insu of business partnerships or ,role of the government in a -Explain Same as above Same as Same as
fficient units joint ventures mixed economy, advantages above above
production -Create mergers and disadvantages
-High cost of -Use local 8) Definition of Production: -Production -Define
-Definition -Consumer -Identify
production resources
-Types of Production goods -Give 02
--Limited -Determine a -Stages of Production -Producer examples
growth of good location - Types of output-Consumer goods -Explain
businesses for the business goods, producer goods, social -Classify
-Close down of -Consume locally Production goods
businesses produced goods
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources Duration
(Functioning) (Periods)
Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods &
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub-topics Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions Concepts
9)Factors of production: -Define -
-Meaning of factors of -Identify Attentiveness -Brainstorming
-Charts
production -Land -Give -Awareness - Analysis of
-Specific and non-specific -labour examples - Curiosity - -Iconographic
factors of production -Capital -Explain - Sense of documents 02
Iconographi
-Classification of factors of -Entrepreneur -Classify Observation and
production(Land , labour, -Differentiate - Sense of c Extracts
capital and Entrepreneur) carefulness -Reading and
documents
-Land as a factor of - Orderliness analysis of
production ( meaning, -Respect - Extracts other
-Follow procedure illustration, Characteristics) -Humility documents
-Pictures
10)Labour -Tolerance - Enquiry
-Unregulated for creating
Labour as a factor of - Efficiency -Define -Collaboration
business units business units production of labour -Explain -Team spirit
-Poorly manage -Acquire training - Meaning and characteristics -Supply of -Illustrate 02
businesses Sustainable in business -The Supply of labour( labour -Describe
Management - management management meaning and determinants) -Discuss
of resources Inadequate/insu of resources -Promote the -Efficiency of labour(
fficient creation of small meaning and determinants)
Production Factors of 11)Mobility of labour
production firms
production Meaning and - Occupational -Define
-High cost of -Establish types(Occupational and mobility -Identify
production Creation and partnerships or Geographical) - -Discuss
--Limited organization joint ventures -Occupational mobility of Geographical -Examine 03
growth of of business -Create mergers labour(meaning and barriers ) mobility
businesses units -Use local -Geographical mobility of
-Close down of resources labour (meaning and barriers )
-Effects of immobility of labour
businesses -Determine a
Guided Work 3: Mobility of labour in a given locality
good location -Identify the different types of mobility of labour in your locality 02
for the business -Inquiry on the different barriers to mobility of labour in your locality
- Identify the measures which could be taken to promote mobility of labour in your locality
12)Division of labour -Division of -Define
-Meaning and illustration labour -Illustrate
-Advantages and disadvantages - -Discuss
of division of labour Specialisation -Examine 01
-Limitations of division of -Organise
labour
13) Capital as a factor of - Capital -Define
production:- Meaning, formation -Identify
characteristics, types - Capital -Classify
-Capital formation and Consumption -Distinguish Same as Same as Same as
consumption - Capital -Explain above above above 03
-Mobility of capital widening
-Capital widening and capital -Capital
deepening deepening
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
14)Entrepreneur -Define
-Meaning and functions - Entrepreneur -Examine
Factors of -Difference between - 01
production entrepreneur and labour Differenti
-Specific and non-specific ate
factors of production
15) Laws of returns -Average and -Relate -Attentiveness -
-Returns to a variable factor marginal -Sketch -Awareness Brainstormin
(assumptions,illustration,the physical product
-Describe - Curiosity g
-Charts
-Unregulated -Follow law of diminishing returns) - Law of --Derive - Sense of - Analysis
business units procedure for -Returns to scale ( assumptions diminishing -Explain Observation - of 04
,illustration, types of returns to returns -Calculate - Sense of -
-Poorly manage creating Iconograph
scale) -Corporate carefulness
- Returns to scale Iconographic
businesses business units - Orderliness ic documents
Management - Sustainable -Acquire training 16)Economies and - Economies -Define -Respect and
documents
of resources Inadequate/insu management in business The scale of diseconomies of scale of scale -Identify -Humility Extracts
fficient of resources management production -Meaning( Economies and -Diseconomies -Differentiate -Tolerance - Extracts -Reading
production -Promote the diseconomies of scale) of scale -Examine -Collaboration and
-
-High cost of creation of -Internal and external -Team spirit analysis of 03
Pictures
economies of scale other
production small firms
Production - Internal and external documents
--Limited Creation and -Establish diseconomies of scale - Enquiry
growth of organization partnerships or 17) The Sole proprietor. -Debates
businesses of business joint ventures -Meaning, formation, sources -Unlimited
-Close down of units -Create mergers of capital, advantages and liability 01
businesses -Use local disadvantages -Define
resources 18)The Partnership -Dormant partner -Identify
Meaning,characteristics,types, -Active partner -Explain 02
-Determine a
formation, sources of capital, -Partnership deed -Examine
good location -Differentiate
advantages and disadvantages
for the 19)The joint-stock companies Unincorporated -Calculate
business -Meaning, features, types, and incorporated
formation, sources of capital, businesses 02
Business advantages and disadvantages -Private company
units -Public company
-Gearing
Practical work 2:Capital structure of companies
-Theoretical basis: Recall definitions of share capital(ordinary and preference shares) ,loan(debenture)
capital, authorised share capital, issued share capital, called-up share CapitaLand capital gearing; formulae 04
of gearing ratio, rate of dividend and yield.
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use concrete data to calculate gearing ratio,
rate of dividend and yield.Interprete the answers
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
20)Nationalised industries -Nationalised -Define
Meaning,features,formation, industries -Identify
sources of capital, advantages -Public -Explain 01
and disadvantages corporation -Examine
-Parastatal -Differentiate
21)Cooperative societies -Simple
Business Meaning, features, types cooperative
units formation, advantages and societies -Define -Attentiveness -Brainstorming 02
disadvantages -Cooperative -Identify -Awareness - Analysis of
-Charts
with Board -Explain - Curiosity -Iconographic
-Follow of directors -Examine - Sense of - documents
22)Public Private -Differentiate Observation Iconographand
-Unregulated procedure for
Partnership(PPP) - Sense of Extracts 01
business units creating carefulness ic -Reading and
-Meaning, functioning,
-Poorly manage business units advantages and disadvantages - Orderliness analysis of
documents
businesses Sustainable -Acquire training 23)Multinational companies -Respect other
Management - management in business Production Meaning, examples, -Multinational -Define -Humility - Extracts documents
of resources Inadequate/insu of resources management advantages and disadvantages companies -Identify -Tolerance - Enquiry 02
-Pictures
fficient -Promote the of multinational companies to -Transfer -Explain -Collaboration -Debates
host and home countries pricing -Examine -Team spirit
production creation of
24)Sources of finance to - Ploughed
-High cost of small firms
businesses back -Identify
production Creation and -Establish -Internal sources, advantages -Hire -Distinguish
--Limited organization partnerships or and disadvantages purchase -Examine 02
growth of of business joint ventures -External sources, advantages -Leasing
businesses units -Create mergers and disadvantages
-Close down of -Use local Financing 25)The stock Exchange -Stocks market -Define
businesses resources production (Bourse) -Jobbers -Identify
-Definition,functioning,causes -Brokers -Differentiate
-Determine a
of changes in security prices, -Market -Describe 02
good location problems of stock, advantages makers -Examine
for the and disadvantages -Bulls
business -Bears
-Stags
Guided work 4: The Douala Stock Exchange
Present the aims, describe its mode of functioning , examine its role and challenges in financing businesses) 02
26) The growth of firms -Integration -Identify
Methods and reasons for - -Classify
The growth Conglomerates -Justify Same as Same as Same as
growth of -Describe above above above 03
firms
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
-Unregulated
GUIDED WORK
business units -Follow
-Poorly manage Sustainable procedure for
PROJECT BASED LEARNING: OBSERVING PROBLEMS OF SETTING
businesses management creating UP BUSINESS UNITS
Management - of resources business units Observe your locality and carry out the following
of resources Inadequate/insu -Acquire training  Identify the different types of business units in your community.
fficient in business  For each type, choose one specific business unit.
production management  Conduct an interview of the owner(s) to find out the documents used in
-High cost of Creation and -Promote the setting up the business unit; ONE
Production YEAR
production organization creation of
 Interview the owner(s) to find out:
--Limited of business small firms
 Their motivations for setting up the business unit;
growth of units -Establish
 Their sources of finance.
businesses partnerships or
-Close down of joint ventures  Find out the benefits of running such a business in your community.
businesses -Create mergers  Find out challenges faced in i) Setting up such a business unit.
-Use local ii) Running the business unit.
resources  Write out an advice telling them of the relevant documents used in setting up
-Determine a the different types of business units in your community and where each of the
good location documents are established. Also indicate where the compiled file can be
for the deposited for authorisation.
business
 MODULE 2
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTION OF MARKET FORCES
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 78
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module elucidates the principle of demand and supply in the determination of market price and the effects of any intervention.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module helps to develop in learner the ability to utilize the principle
of demand and supply in the determination of the prices of goods and services and their reactions to any intervention in the market.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: It enables the learners to adopt rational behaviours in
their transactions in the market.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-Demand:Meaning,law of demand, factors affecting demand and types of demand
-Supply: Meaning, law of supply, factors affecting supply and types of supply Discussion/Brainstorming 02
-Elasticities of demand and supply:Meaning,formulae and types of elasticity of demand
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of the price theory

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
27)The meaning of price The paradox -Define
-Definition of price and value of value -Illustrate
-The paradox of value -Value in use -Explain 01
-Value in
exchange
28)The Utility theory -Utility -Define
-Definitions of utility, total and -Total utility -Calculate
marginal utilities -Marginal -Draw
-Calculation of Total utility and utility -Describe
- Determine marginal utility -Utils -Derive -Attentiveness -Brainstorming 03
-Exchange price and -The Law of diminishing marginal -Disutility -Awareness - Analysis of
utility and its limitations -Law of
between sellers quantity
-Illustrations of utility concepts(using diminishing - Curiosity -Charts -Iconographic
and buyers Proper -Price control tables and graphs) marginal
(bargaining) organisation -Denounce - Sense of - documents
utility
The market -Fluctuation in of market speculation The price Demand 29) Consumer equilibrium -Establish Observation Iconographand
prices of good structures -Creation of theory theories -Equilibrium conditions (formula, -Calculate - Sense of ic Extracts
& services consumers illustrations) -Explain
-Artificial and producers *When a single good is consumed -Examine carefulness documents -Reading and 03
*When two or more goods are - Orderliness - Extracts analysis of
scarcity cooperatives
consumed.
-Hoarding -Be informed -Weaknesses of the utility concept -Respect -Pictures other
-Speculation on regulated 30)The indifference curve theory - Indifference -Define -Humility documents
prices -Definition, characteristics curve -Identify
assumptions, the indifference curve - Indifference -Sketch -Tolerance - Enquiry
-Indifference map and illustration map -Describe -Collaboration
-The budget line(Definition and - Budget line -Derive 04
derivation) -Revealed -Establish -Team spirit
preferences
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
31)Consumer equilibrium -Income
-At constant prices and consumption
income line
-
-Income consumption - Price -Define
Attentiveness
line(Definition and consumption -Establish
-Awareness -Brainstorming
derivation) for normal and line -Draw
- Curiosity - Analysis of
inferior goods -Identify 05
- Sense of -Iconographic
-Price consumption -Derive
Observation -Charts
line(Definition and documents
- Sense of
-Exchange - Determine derivation) for normal/inferior - and
carefulness
between sellers price and goods and basic necessities
- Iconographic Extracts
-Derivation of demand curve
and quantity Orderliness -Reading and
using the Price consumption documents
buyers(bargaini Proper -Price control -Respect analysis of
Curve
The market ng) organisation -Denounce -Humility - Extracts other
32)Definition of demand -Demand
-Tolerance
-Fluctuation in of market speculation The price Meaning of demand -Effective -Define -Pictures documents
-
prices of good structures -Creation of theory -Individual and market demand demand -Design - Enquiry 01
Collaboration
& services consumers Demand schedules -Derive
-Team spirit
-Artificial and producers -The law of demand
33)The demand curves -Normal -Plot
scarcity cooperatives
Plotting of demand curve goods -Draw
-Hoarding -Be informed -Shape of a normal demand -Ostentatious -Describe 03
-Speculation on regulated curve and reasons for the shape goods -Justify
prices -Exceptional demand curve -Giffen
various cases and illustrations goods
Practical Work 3:Derivation of a normal demand curve
-Theoretical basis: Recall the law of diminishing marginal utility and the indifference curve theory 04
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Derive a normal demand curve using the law of
diminishing marginal utility and the indifference curve theory
34)The determinants and - -Brainstorming
movements in demand -Define Attentiveness - Analysis of
- Determinants of demand -Examine -Awareness -Iconographic
-Movements in demand -Illustrate - Curiosity -Charts documents
*Change in quantity demanded -Differentiate - Sense of and 03
-
( definition, illustration) Observation Extracts
*Change in demand (definition, - Sense of Iconographic -Reading and
illustration) carefulness analysis of
documents
35)Types of demand: - Joint -Define - other
Joint, competitive, composite demand -Identify Orderliness - Extracts documents
and derived(meaning, -Competitive -Give -Respect - Enquiry
-Pictures
examples and illustration) demand examples -Humility 03
-Composite -Illustrate -Tolerance
demand -Relate -
-Derived Collaboration
demand -Team spirit
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
36)Definition of supply -Supply -Define
-Meaning of supply -Stock -Design
-Individual and market supply -Derive 01
schedules
-The law of supply
37)The supply curve -Supply schedule -Plot
-Plotting of supply curve -Backward -Draw
-Shape of a normal supply curve sloping supply -Describe
and reasons for the shape curve -Justify
- Determine -Backward sloping supply curve -Critical/target -Attentiveness -Brainstorming 03
-Exchange price and (Illustration and explanation) wage -Awareness - Analysis of
-Marginal utility
between sellers quantity
Supply of money - Curiosity -Charts -Iconographic
and Proper -Price control -Marginal utility
buyers(bargaini organisation -Denounce - Sense of - documents
of leisure
The market ng) of market speculation 38) The determinants and -Changes in Observation Iconographic and
-Fluctuation in structures -Creation of The price movements in supply quantity -Define - Sense of documents Extracts
prices of good consumers theory -Factors affecting supply supplied -Examine
& services and producers -Movements in supply -Change in -Illustrate carefulness - Extracts -Reading and
* Change in quantity supplied supply - - Orderliness -Pictures analysis of 02
-Artificial cooperatives
( definition, illustration) Differentiate
scarcity -Be informed *Change in demand (definition, -Respect other
-Hoarding on regulated illustrations) -Humility documents
-Speculation prices
39)Types of supply -Joint supply -Define -Tolerance - Enquiry
Joint, competitive and -Competitive -Identify -
composite (meaning supply -Give 02
examples and illustration) -Composite examples Collaboration
supply -Illustrate -Team spirit
-Relate
40)The Market price Equilibrium
- Interaction of demand and price -Define
The supply -Establish
market -Equilibrium price and -Illustrate
price quantity(define and illustrate) -Situate 03
-The effects of changes in -Examine
demand and supply on the
equilibrium price(explain and
illustrate)
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
41)Determination of -Consumer -Define
The consumer and producer surplus -Illustrate
market surpluses -Producer -Calculate 01
price -Consumer surplus surplus
-Producer surplus -
-Community surplus Community
-Charts
surplus -Attentiveness
Market 42) Market failure -Market -Define -
-Awareness -Brainstorming
failure -Definition failure -Identify Iconograph 06
-Causes and remedies of -Price -Illustrate - Curiosity - Analysis of
- Determine market failure control -Examine ic
- Sense of -Iconographic
-Exchange price and 43)Elasticity of demand documents
-Meaning and types Elasticity of -Define Observation documents
between sellers quantity - Extracts
+ Price elasticity of demand: demand -Identify - Sense of and
and Proper -Price control (Meaning, formulae, various -Normal -Compute -Pictures
buyers(bargaini organisation -Denounce aspects, determinants and goods -Interpret- carefulness Extracts
The market ng) of market speculation importance) -Inferior Illustrate - Orderliness -Reading and
-Fluctuation in structures -Creation of The price + Income elasticity of goods -Explain 06
prices of good consumers theory demand(definition, formulae -Giffen -Examine -Respect analysis of
various aspects of income goods -Justify -Humility other
& services and producers
elasticity of demand)
-Artificial cooperatives + Cross elasticity of demand -Tolerance documents
scarcity -Be informed (meaning, formulae, nature) -Collaboration - Enquiry
-Hoarding on regulated
Elasticities -Team spirit
-Speculation prices
of demand 44) Elasticity of supply Elasticity of -Define
-Meaning, formula, calculation, supply -Compute
and supply
graphical illustration -Interpret-
-Factors affecting the Illustrate 04
elasticity of supply -Explain
-Examine
-Justify
Practical work 4 :Elasticity of demand for some selected goods
-Theoretical basis: Recall of definition and formula of price elasticity of demand
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Calculations of price elasticity of demand 05
for some selected goods in a region and interpretation of calculated values.
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
45)The effects of indirect
taxes and subsidies on -Tax burden -Illustrate
market price -Subsidy -Sketch
- Effects of indirect taxes on -Describe
market price -Identify Same as Same as Same as
*Elasticity and tax -Explain above above above 03
burden(graphical illustrations) -Calculate
- Determine - Effects of subsidies on
-Exchange price and market price
between sellers quantity *Elasticity and
and -Price control subsidy(graphical
illustrations)
buyers(bargaini -Denounce
Practical Work 5:Determination of share of burden of an indirect tax and the benefits of a subsidy
ng) Proper speculation Elasticities
The price -Theoretical basis: Recall of definition of indirect tax ,tax burden and subsidy, and formula for the
-Fluctuation in organisation -Creation of of demand
theory calculation of consumers’ and producers’ share of tax burden and subsidy 04
and
prices of good of market consumers -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Determination of share of tax burden and
supply
The market & services structures and producers benefits of a subsidy for some selected goods in a region.
-Artificial cooperatives 46) Price fluctuations in -Farm -Justify
scarcity -Be informed Agricultural industry problem -Identify
-Reasons for fluctuations -Cobweb -Illustrate -Attentiveness
-Hoarding on regulated -Brainstorming
-Cobweb theory(assumptions, theory -Explain -Awareness
-Speculation prices - Analysis of
graphical illustrations and -Exploding or -Examine - Curiosity 03
-Iconographic
weaknesses) divergent - Sense of -Charts documents
-Reasons for government cobweb Observation -
and
intervention -Convergent - Sense of
IconographExtracts
cobweb carefulness
-Reading and
-Perfect or - Orderliness ic
documents analysis of
persistent -Respect
cobweb -Humility - Extracts other
documents
47)Stabilisation policies -Tolerance -Pictures - Enquiry
-Buffer stocks scheme(for -Buffer -Collaboration
-Debates
price and income stock -Define -Team spirit
stabilisation):illustrations, - Stabilisation -Explain 03
advantages and problems programme -Illustrate
-Stabilisation fund(definition, -Discuss
advantages and
disadvantages)
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
GUIDED WORK
PROJECT BASED LEARNING: OBSERVING CHANGES IN THE SUPPLY
AND DEMAND FOR A FOOD CROP
-Exchange Observe your local market for a period of one year and carry out the
between sellers - Determine following
and price and  Identify the different types of food crops in your locality;
buyers(bargaini quantity  Select the most common type found in the local market;
ng) -Price control  Identify the number of sellers(suppliers) of the food crop; ONE
State the periods(months) where the supply is abundant and when it is YEAR
-Fluctuation in Proper -Denounce

The market prices of good organisation speculation
& services of market -Creation of
The price least(information could be collected from an Agripost);
-Artificial structures consumers
theory  State the periods(months) when price is highest and when it is lowest;
scarcity and producers  Describe the distribution channel for the food crop;
-Hoarding cooperatives  Give reasons for changes in price and quantity supplied within these periods;
-Speculation -Be informed  Interview the buyers and sellers(suppliers) to find out the challenges faced in
on regulated buying and selling the food crop;
prices  Suggest measures that could be put in place to help buyers and sellers
overcome these challenges.
 MODULE 3
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF COMPETITION WITHIN MARKETS
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 58
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module introduces the learner to the various forms of competition in the market.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module permits the learner to examine how the different markets
function in order to better exploit them.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: It enables the learner to better adapt in a given market
situation.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-Costs of production: Meaning and the different costs and formulae
-Revenue: Meaning and the different types of revenue and formulae Discussion/Brainstorming 02
-Markets: Types, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each type.
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of the theory of the firm

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
48)The firm -Define -Brainstorming
-Definition, objectives and -Explain -Attentiveness 01
-Charts - Analysis of
role of a firm in an industry -Examine
-Awareness
49)The cost concept Internal -Distinguish - Iconographic
-Definitions(internal costs, costs, -Calculate - Curiosity
-Exchange - Determine Iconographdocuments
external costs, social costs, External -Analyse - Sense of
between sellers price and economic cost ,accounting costs, Social -Illustrate ic and 02
costs, explicit costs and costs Observation
and quantity documents Extracts
implicit costs) Implicit/exp - Sense of
buyers(bargaini Proper -Price control Theory of licit costs - Extracts -Reading and
the firm carefulness
ng) organisation -Denounce 50)Short run costs of -Define - analysis of
production -Fixed and -Calculate - Orderliness Pictures
The market -Fluctuation in of market speculation other
-Definitions and formulae of variable -Plot
short run total costs(Total costs -Illustrate -Respect
prices of good structures -Creation of documents
fixed costs, Total variable -Average -Describe -Humility
& services consumer and costs and total costs) cost - Enquiry 03
- Definitions and formulae of -Marginal -Tolerance
-Artificial producer
short run average cost -Collaboration
scarcity cooperatives
costs(Average fixed cost, -Total costs
-Team spirit
-Hoarding -Be informed average variable cost and -Spreading
average costs) of the
-Speculation on regulated
-Definition and formula of overheads
-Imperfections prices marginal cost
-Graphical representations of
in the market
total, average, and marginal
costs
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
51)Long run costs of -Long run -Calculate -Brainstorming
production average cost -Illustrate -Attentiveness -Charts - Analysis of
-Definition of long run -Minimum -Describe -Awareness - Iconographic 02
average cost efficient - Curiosity
Iconographic documents
- Long run average cost scale(MES) - Sense of
curve Observation documents and
-Optimum firm, illustration - Sense of - Extracts Extracts
52)The least cost -Marginal -Define carefulness -Pictures -Reading and
- Determine combination of factors physical - Calculate - Orderliness analysis of
-Exchange
-Determination of least cost productivity -Illustrate -Respect other
price and
between sellers factor combination using (MPP) -Humility documents 03
quantity *Total cost of factors -Least cost -Tolerance
and - Enquiry
*Marginal physical product combination -Collaboration
-Price control
buyers(bargaini Theory of of factors -Team spirit
The market Proper -Denounce the firm Practical Work 6:Calculation of costs and graphical representations
ng)
organisation speculation -Theoretical basis: Recall of definitions and formulae for total, average and marginal costs. 05
-Fluctuation in -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use cost schedule to calculate, draw and describe
of market -Creation of the total, average and marginal costs.
prices of good
structures consumer and 53)Revenue Concept -Total revenue -Define
& services -Definitions and formulae of -Average -Calculate
producer total, average and marginal revenue -Illustrate Same as Same as Same as
-Artificial
cooperatives Revenue. -Marginal -Describe in other in other in other 03
scarcity -Revenue schedule and revenue Lessons Lessons Lessons
-Be informed curves in perfect and
-Hoarding
on regulated imperfect markets
-Speculation -Relationship with elasticity
prices Practical Work 7:Calculation of economic and accounting profits
-Imperfections
-Theoretical basis: Recall of definitions and formulae for economic and accounting profits. 02
in the market -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use costs and revenue schedules to calculate
economic and accounting profits.
54)Profit maximisation in Profit -Calculate -Brainstorming
market structures maximisation -Illustrate -Attentiveness -Charts - Analysis of
-Different market structures Normal profit -Awareness - Iconographic
-Price and output Abnormal - Curiosity 02
Iconographic documents
determination (using profit - Sense of
MR=MC approach and-TC Observation documents and
approach) - Sense of - Extracts Extracts
55)Perfect competition Price maker -Define carefulness -Pictures -Reading and
-Definition Price taker -Explain - Orderliness analysis of
-Assumptions/characteristics -Illustrate -Respect other 02
-Costs and revenue curves -Describe -Humility documents
56)Equilibrium of the firm -Marginal firm -Calculate -Tolerance
- Enquiry
-Short run -Low cost firm -Illustrate -Collaboration
-Long run -High cost firm -Identify -Team spirit 03
-Windfall -Justify
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
Practical Work 8:Determination of profit maximising output and profit in short and long run
-Theoretical basis: Recall the profit maximisation condition using TR/TC and MR/MC 04
Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use concrete data to determine the profit
maximising output and price. Determine the profit maximising output and price diagrammatically.
57) Supply curve, economic Economic -Derive
and technical efficiencies optimum -Differentiate
-Short run supply curve of a Technical -Discuss
firm optimum
- Determine -Long run supply curve of an
-Exchange
industry(At constant,
price and
between sellers increasing and decreasing 03
quantity costs) - Curiosity -Brainstorming
and
- Economic and Productive
-Price control - Sense of - Analysis of
buyers(bargaini Theory of efficiencies -Charts
The market Proper -Denounce the firm - Advantages and disadvantages Observation Iconographic
ng) -
organisation speculation 58)Monopoly -Monopoly -Define -Attentiveness documents
-Fluctuation in -Definition power -Examine Iconographic
of market -Creation of -Sources of monopoly power -Patent rights -Discuss -Awareness and
prices of good documents
structures consumer and -limits to monopoly power -Copy rights - Sense of Extracts
& services -Advantages and -Price - Extracts 02
producer disadvantages of monopoly discrimination carefulness -Reading and
-Artificial -Pictures
cooperatives -Control of monopoly Public interest - Orderliness analysis of
scarcity Monopolistic
-Be informed practices -Respect other
-Hoarding
on regulated 59) Equilibrium of the firm -Calculate -Humility documents
-Speculation Marginal and total approaches -Illustrate
prices with -Tolerance - Enquiry 01
-Imperfections
diagrams -Collaboration -Debates
in the market -Identify
-Justify -Team spirit
60)Price discrimination -Perfect price -Define
-Definition, conditions for discrimination -Identify
possibility and profitability, -2nd degree -Illustrate
types,illustration,advantages price -Differentiate 03
and disadvantages discrimination -Interpret
-Perfect price discrimination 3rd price
and loss-making monopoly discrimination
61)Monopolistic competition Product -Define
-Definition differentiation -Describe
-Characteristics -Illustrate
-Advantages and with 02
disadvantages of product diagrams
differentiation -Describe
(to firms and consumers)
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
62) Equilibrium of the firm -Calculate - Curiosity Charts
-Short run -Illustrate - Sense of Same as
-
-Long run with diagrams Observation in other 01
-Identify -Attentiveness Iconographic Lessons
-Justify
documents
-Exchange
- Determine
between sellers
price and Practical Work 9: Determination of profit maximising output and price in short and long run
and Theoretical basis: Recall the profit maximisation condition using TR/TC and MR/MC 06
quantity
Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use data to determine the profit maximising
buyers(bargaini
-Price control output and price. Determine the profit maximising output and price diagrammatically.
ng) 63)Oligopoly Oligopoly -Define - Curiosity
-Denounce
-Fluctuation in -Definition, types and Imperfect -Identify - Sense of
speculation -Brainstorming
Theory of characteristics, advantages Oligopoly -Explain Observation
The market prices of good Proper the firm and disadvantages of -Price -Discuss -Attentiveness - Analysis of 02
-Creation of
& services organisation oligopoly leadership -Awareness
consumer and -Charts Iconographic
-Price war - Sense of
-Artificial of market -Cartel carefulness - documents
producer
scarcity structures -Collusion - Orderliness
cooperatives Iconographic and
64)The kinked demand -Kinked -Define -Respect
-Hoarding curves demand -Illustrate -Humility documents Extracts
-Be informed
-Speculation -Definition and illustration curve -Examine -Tolerance
on regulated - Extracts -Reading and
-Non price competition -Collaboration 02
-Imperfections -Non price -Team spirit -Pictures analysis of
prices
in the market competition
other
65)Public sector enterprises -MC pricing -Identify documents
pricing policy -AC pricing -Explain - Enquiry
-Types,objectives,price and -Illustrate 02
output policy, advantages and -Debates
disadvantages
-Graphical illustration
 MODULE 4
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF REWARDS TO FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 37
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module permits the learner to explain and relate the factor incomes to the different economic resources.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module helps to develop in the learner the ability to justify how
and why different factors of production earn different factor incomes.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: This module enables the learner to adopt a rational
behaviour when carrying out the exchange of the different factor services with their incomes within their environment.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-Rewards to factors of production: Meaning and the different rewards
- Rents(meaning, types)
-Wages(meaning, methods of wage payments, wage differentials) Discussion/Brainstorming 02
-Interest(meaning, functions)
-Profits(meaning, types)
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of rewards to factors of production

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
66)Wages -Wage rate -Define
-Definition -Wage drift -Examine
-Brainstorming
-Methods of rewarding -Wage -Discuss
labour: Advantages and - Curiosity - Analysis of
freeze
disadvantages - Sense of 02
-Time rate -Charts Iconographic
Observation
-Piece rate -Attentiveness - documents
-Bonus -Awareness
Iconographand
scheme - Sense of
Managing - Fluctuation in - Determine -Profit carefulness ic Extracts
sharing - Orderliness
returns to factor incomes Efficient price and documents -Reading and
Income Wages -Respect
67) Demand and supply of -Marginal -Define
factor of -Wage allocation of quantity distribution -Humility - Extracts analysis of
labour revenue -Derive
-Tolerance
production differentials rewards -Increase -Demand(definition, curve and product -Draw - other
-Collaboration
determinants of elasticity of -Examine Pictures
-Scarcity of production -Team spirit documents
demand for labour) -Identify
factors -Form trade -Supply(definition, curve and - Enquiry 05
unions determinants of elasticity of
-Debates
supply of labour)
-Wage determination in a
particular occupation
68) Wage differentials -Intra-industry -Define
-Intra-industry wage -Justify
wage differentials differentials Explain
-Inter-industry wage -Inter- -Discuss 02
differentials industry wage
differentials
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
69)Trade union and -Trade -Define
collective bargaining union -Distinguish
-Definition of trade union and -Collective -Discuss
collective bargaining bargaining -Identify
-Types of trade unions -Justify
-Factors affecting the -Close -Explain
bargaining strength of trade shops
unions -Open shop 06
-Bases of wage claims by -Union shop
trade unions -Shop steward -Brainstorming
-Ways by which trade unions -Strike - Analysis of
increase wages -Luck out - Curiosity
- Advantages and disadvantages -Picketting - Sense of Iconographic
of trade unions/collective -Demarcation Observation
-Charts documents
bargaining rules -Attentiveness
70)Imperfection in the - -Define -Awareness - and
Managing - Fluctuation in labour market Monopsony -Illustrates - Sense of Iconographic Extracts
- Monopoly in the labour -Bilateral -Explain carefulness
returns to factor incomes - Determine Income Wages monopoly -Compare - Orderliness documents -Reading and
market(definition and
distribution -Respect
factor of -Wage Efficient price and determination of wage rate) - Extracts analysis of
-Humility 05
production differentials allocation of quantity - Monopsony in the labour -Tolerance -Pictures other
market(definition and -Collaboration
-Scarcity of rewards -Increase documents
determination of wage rate) -Team spirit
factors production - Bilateral monopoly - Enquiry
-Form trade (Meaning and determination -Debates
of wage rate)
unions
71)Interest -Interest -Define
-Meaning of interest (Real/nominal) -Explain
-Reasons for interest payment -Justify 01
-Reasons for the existence of
many rates of interest
72) Determination of rate of -loanable -Explain
interest funds theory -Illustrate
-Classical or loanable funds -Marginal -Derive
revenue -Interpret
theory
product of
-Keynesian or liquidity investment 04
preference theory -Liquidity
preference
-Idle balances
-Active
balances
-Liquidity trap
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
73)Rents -Contractual
-Meaning, types of rent and rent -Define
theories of rent(classical -Economic -Examine
theory and modern theory of rent -Explain 02
-Rent of -Illustrate
rent)
ability Same as Same as Same as
-Quasi rent in other in other in other
Rents -Transfer Lessons Lessons Lessons
earnings
74)Economic rent and other -Rent of -Compare
factors of production ability -Explain
- Fluctuation in - Determine
- Economic rent and Land, -Quasi rent -Justify 01
Managing factor incomes price and
Labour ,Capital,
returns to -Wage Efficient quantity Entrepreneur)
Income
factor of differentials allocation of -Increase distribution Practical Work 10: Economic rent and elasticity of supply
-Theoretical basis: Recall the definition of transfer earnings and economic rents 03
production -Scarcity of rewards production -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: With the use of diagrams show how transfer
factors -Form trade earnings and economic rents are related to elasticity of supply. Illustrate this relationship using the
different aspects of elasticity of supply.
unions 75) Profits -Risk -Define
-Meaning and types -Supernormal -Explain
-Measurement of profit. profit -Calculate
-Role of profits -Normal profit -Examine
-Compare 02
Profits -Profit and other factor -Losses
incomes -Subnormal
profit
-Turnover
-Capital
employed
Practical Work 11:Calculation of profits
-Theoretical basis: Recall the definition of profit and formulae of profits 02
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use concrete data to calculate the profit
margin, profit as a percentage of turnover and profit as a return on capital employed. Interpret the results.
 MODULE 5
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE MEASUREMENT AND CIRCULATION OF NATIONAL INCOME IN AN ECONOMY
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 83
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module introduces the learner to the different methods of national income measurement, its importance and to the circular flow
of income.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module enables the learner to have an understanding of the various
ways of measuring the value of goods and services produced and the flow of expenditures on output and factor services between economic agents.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: To adopt positive attitudes towards assisting in the
accurate measurement of national income as a basis for welfare improvement.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-National income:Meaning,components of national income(GDP,GNP and NNP),the different approaches of measuring national income and factors determining national income Discussion/Brainstorming 02
-Circular flow of income: Definition of consumption, saving ,investment and simplified form of the economic circuit
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of the measurement and circular flow of national income

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
76)National income - Curiosity -Brainstorming
-Definition -National -Define - Sense of - Analysis of
-Measurement(expenditure income -Identify Observation -Charts Iconographic
income and output approaches) -GDP -Distinguish -Attentiveness - documents and
-GNP -Calculate -Awareness IconographExtracts 06
-NNP -Derive - Sense of ic -Reading and
-Market carefulness documents analysis of
-Denounce price - Orderliness - Extracts other
-Low national underground -Factor cost -Tolerance - documents
income activities -Collaboration Pictures - Enquiry
-Large black - Promote -Team spirit -Debates
National Practical Work 12:Calculation of national income using the expenditure approach
economy investments
income -Theoretical basis: Recall the formula for calculating national income using the expenditure approach 06
-Disparities in Efficient -Measure accounting -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use data to determine national income for a given
Management National appraisal of national year.
of National income the level of income Practical Work 13:Calculation of national income using income and output approaches
income -Uneven economic -Reduce Theoretical basis: Recall the formula for calculating national income using the income and output approaches 07
distribution of activities leakages -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use data to determine national income for a given
income -Control year.
-Self provided Injections 77)Problems of measuring Double -Identify
National income and solutions counting -Examine 01
goods and -Redistribute -Problems, solutions
services income 78)Importance of national GDP -Identify
-Large non- income statistics deflator -Explain
monetized - Comparing standard of living -Discuss Same as above Same as Same as
economy overtime and between countries -Calculate above above
-Difficulties of making comparisons
overtime and between countries
-Real and money national income 04
-Limitation of national income
statistics
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
79)Identification of -Consumption -Define
macroeconomic variables -Investment -Explain - Curiosity
- Identification of aggregate Government -Establish - Sense of
demand variables, spending relationship Observation 01
injections and withdrawals - Injections -Derive -
-Withdrawals Attentiveness -Brainstorming
80) Circular flow of income -Real flows -Explain -Awareness - Analysis of
Closed and open economies -Money flows -Illustrate - Sense of Iconographic
- Closed -Annotate carefulness -Charts documents and 04
economy -Describe - - Extracts
-Open Orderliness Iconographic -Reading and
-Denounce
economy -Respect documents analysis of
-Low national underground 81)Consumption -Average -Humility - Extracts other
-Definition, function propensity to -Define -Tolerance -Pictures documents
income activities
,APC,MPC,determinants of consume -Derive - - Enquiry 04
-large black - Promote consumption -Marginal -Draw Collaboration
economy investments propensity to -Calculate -Team spirit
consume -Explain
-Disparities in Efficient -Measure Further studies 1: Other Consumption function 02
appraisal of The Permanent income theory, relative income theory and life cycle theory of consumption
Management National national
Circular 82)Saving -Average
of National income the level of income flow of Definition, function propensity to Define
economic income ,APS,MPS,determinants of save -Derive
income -uneven -Reduce
activities saving, paradox of thrift -Marginal -Draw Same as Same as Same as 04
distribution of leakages propensity to -Calculate above above above
income -Control save -Explain
- Paradox of
-self provided Injections thrift
goods and -Redistribute Practical work 14:Calculation of APC,MPC,APS and MPS
Theoretical basis: Recall the definition and formulae of APC,MPC,APS and MPS 05
services income -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use concrete data, consumption and saving
-Large non- functions to calculate APC, MPC, APS and MPS .Illustrate them graphically.
83)Investment - Net present -Define
monetized -Definition, types, value -Identify
economy determinants, basis for -Explain Same as Same as Same as 03
investment decision(Net -Calculate above above above
present value) -Interpret
Further studies 2: Other methods of investment appraisal
Internal rate of return(IRR),Pay back and Accounting(Average) rate of return(ARR) methods 02
Practical work 15:Calculation of Net present value
Theoretical basis: Recall the definition and formula of net present value
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations; Use data to calculate net present value. Interpret 04
the result.
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
84)Determination of -Calculate
equilibrium level of income -Illustrate Same as Same as Same as 04
-Aggregate demand method -Identify above above above
-Injections/Withdrawals -Justify
-Low national -Denounce
method
income underground
Practical work 16:Determination of Equilibrium and full employment levels of income using the
-Large black activities aggregate demand and Injection /Withdrawal methods
economy - Promote -Theoretical basis: Recall the equilibrium conditions when using the aggregate demand and Injection 07
-Disparities in investments /Withdrawal methods.
Management National Efficient -Measure The -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use data on macroeconomic variables to
of National income appraisal of national Circular determine the equilibrium level of income graphically and algebraically
flow of Further studies 3:Equilibrium and full employment levels of income ,inflationary and deflationary gaps
income -uneven the level of income
income -Use diagrams to illustrate and explain the equilibrium and full employment levels of income, inflationary
distribution of economic -Reduce
and deflationary gaps. 02
income activities leakages -How can inflationary and deflationary gaps be used to achieve the various economic policy objectives
-self provided -Control 85)The multiplier The -Define Same as Same as Same as
goods and Injections -Definition, assumptions,types multiplier -Identify in other in other in other
services -Redistribute and determinants ,the Multiplier -Explain Lessons Lessons Lessons 03
-Large non- income process -Calculate
monetized -Demonstrate
Practical work 17:Calculation of the multiplier
economy
-Theoretical basis: Recall the formulae use in calculating the multiplier in the closed and open economies. 04
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use data on macroeconomic variables to
determine the various multipliers algebraically.
86)Accelerator -Define Same as Same as Same as
Definition, assumptions, Accelerator -Identify in other in other in other
calculations, acceleration -Explain Lessons Lessons Lessons 03
process and criticisms, -Calculate
determinants of accelerator -Demonstrate
Practical work 18:Calculations on acceleration principle
-Theoretical basis: Recall of the acceleration principle. 04
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Design a table to show how changes in income
(sales or output) affect the level of investment (capital).
Further studies 4: The interaction between the multiplier and the accelerator
Use practical exercises to illustrate the relationship between the multiplier and the accelerator. 01
Analyse the implications of such a relationship.
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
GUIDED WORK
-Low national
PROJECT BASED LEARNING: OBSERVING PROBLEMS OF
income -Denounce MEASURING THE VALUE OF GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED IN
-Large black underground YOUR LOCALITY
economy activities Observe your locality and carry out the following:
-Disparities in - Promote  Make an inventory of all the activities carried out in your locality and classify
Management National investments them into formal and informal activities;
of National income Efficient -Measure  Outline the criteria you have used to carry out the classification above; ONE
income -uneven appraisal of national  Interviews those involve in both formal and informal activities to find out YEAR
distribution of the level of income the estimated value of:
income economic -Reduce
 Output( what they produce);
-self provided activities leakages
 Expenditure(What they spend);
goods and -Control
services Injections
 Income (What they earn or benefit).
-Large non- -Redistribute  What were the challenges you faced during the collection of information
monetized income about their income, expenditure and output;
economy Suggest ways by which the collection of this information can be made easy.
 MODULE 6
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF FINANCIAL OPERATIONS IN AN ECONOMY
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 36
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module presents the main functions of money and the role of financial institutions in regulating economic activities.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module enables the learner to be able to examine the attributes of
money and to explain the functioning and role of financial institutions.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: This module enables the learners to be able to carry out
financial transactions in their economy.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-Money: Meaning, qualities, forms, function of money, demand and supply of money
-Banking: Commercial banks(Meaning,characteristics,examples,functions and the balance sheet of commercial banks) Discussion/Brainstorming 02
Central bank(Meaning,characteristics,functions, instruments and reasons for the control of money supply)
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of money and banking

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts Techniques
87)Money -Barter -Define
-Definition, evolution, types, system -Trace
qualities and functions of money -Fiduciary -Explain - Curiosity 02
issue -Examine - Sense of
-Fiat money Observation
-Restructure and 88)The demand and supply of -Liquidity -Define -Attentiveness
control money preference -Illustrate -Awareness -Brainstorming
-Absence of financial -Definition of the demand for -Liquidity -Derive - Sense of - Analysis of
money institutions money trap -Explain carefulness -Charts Iconographic 04
-Money -Adopt new Money -Liquidity preference - -Examine - - documents
hoarding forms of money -Changes in liquidity preference Transmission Orderliness Iconographic and
Financing -Collapse of Better - Denounce -Definition of supply of money mechanism -Respect documents Extracts
economic banks organisation counterfeiting Money and -Measures of money(Mo,M1, M2) -Humility - Extracts -Reading and
activities -Fall in the and - Encourage banking -Effects of changes in money - -Pictures analysis of
value of money regulation of consumption of supply(the transmission mechanism) Tolerance other
- Money the monetary home made 89)The value of money -Retail price -Define - documents
laundery system products -Definition index -Illustrate Collaboration - Enquiry
(counterfeiting -Control -Retail price index(assumptions and - The -Calculate -Team
and other vices) inflation formula) quantity -Examine spirit
-High cost of -Regulate banks -Weaknesses of the retail price index theory of - 03
living -The quantity theory of money money Formulate
(Fisher equation and monetarist
theory)
-Weaknesses of the theories
Practical work 19:Calculations on retail price index and the quantity theory of money
-Theoretical basis: Recall of retail price index and the quantity theory of money with emphasis on the
formulae of price index and the Fisher equation of exchange. 04
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use data to calculate the weighed retail price
index and to show how fisher equation of exchange explains the quantity theory of money.
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
90)Commercial Banks: -Current -Define
-Definition of commercial account -Explain
banks, with local examples -Saving -Examine 02
-Characteristics of commercial account Same as Same as Same as
banks -Bank deposits in other in other in other
-Functions of commercial banks Lessons Lessons Lessons
-Restructure 91)The balance sheet of a -Balance -Define
and control commercial bank: sheet -Identify
-Absence of financial -Definition ,components and -Assets -Classify
money institutions illustration -Liabilities -Draw
-Money -Adopt new -The conflicting objectives of -Explain 04
hoarding Better forms of liquidity, security and -Describe
Financing -Collapse of organisation money profitability -Calculate
economic banks and regulation - Denounce -How they are solved by the
activities -Fall in the of the counterfeiting Money and Banking commercial bank
value of money monetary - Encourage banking Practical work 20:Credit creation by commercial banks in Cameroon
-- Money system consumption -Theoretical basis: Recall of definition and formulae of cash ratio and liquidity ratio.
laundery of home made Identify the ways by which commercial banks create credit 05
(counterfeiting products -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Illustrate the credit creation process by
and other vices) -Control commercial banks using data.
inflation - Limitations of commercial banks’ credit creation
-High cost of -Regulate Further studies 5: Problems faced by commercial banks in Cameroon. 01
living banks Problems and measures taken by the monetary authorities to resolve them.
92)Central Bank -Monetary -Define
-Definition, characteristics and policy -Explain Same as Same as Same as
functions -Credit squeeze -Examine in other in other in other
-Monetary policy(Instruments - -Identify Lessons Lessons Lessons
and reasons for the control of Contractionary -Describe 03
money supply) monetary
policy
-Expansionary
monetary
policy
Guided work 5: Case study of BEAC as a central bank
NB: Enquiry on the organisational structure, functions, regulatory and control organs of BEAC. 03
Restitution in class, debates and harmonisation
93)Micro Finance Activities - Micro -Define
-Definition, types of Micro Finance -Explain Same as Same as Same as
Finance Institutions(MFI), Institutions -Examine in other in other in other 02
their role in the economy of -Identify Lessons Lessons Lessons
Cameroon, limitations and -Describe
prudential norms
Guided work 6: Elements of good appraisal of a loan file by a Credit Union. 01
 MODULE 7
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF MANAGING PUBLIC FINANCE
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 32
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module presents the sources of public revenue and the various ways the government spends her revenue.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module enables the learner to analyse how the government uses
the budget in managing the economy.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: This module permits the learner to be able to participate
individually and collectively in enhancing the development of his/her locality.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-Public finance:Meaning,sources of government revenue and components of government expenditure
-Budget: Meaning and types Discussion/Brainstorming 02
-Taxation:Meaning,types of taxes and examples
-National debts:Meaning,components and burden of national debt
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of public finance

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
94)Meaning of public Public -Define
finance finance -Examine
-Definition -Explain - Curiosity 01
-Patterns of public spending - Sense of
-Sources of government Observation -Brainstorming
revenue -Attentiveness -Charts - Analysis of
95)Taxation -Taxation -Define -Awareness - Iconographic
-Definition of a tax, tax base -Tax base -Examine - Sense of Iconographic documents
and tax rate -Explain carefulness documents and 03
-Income -Pay taxes -Reasons for taxation - - Extracts Extracts
-Qualities(cannons) of a good Orderliness -Pictures -Reading and
inequality regularly
tax -Respect analysis of
-deadweight -Control 96)Types of tax: -Direct tax -Define -Humility other
Management investments Efficient public
Public -Direct taxes(Definition, -Indirect tax -Distinguish -Tolerance documents
Finance examples, reasons why -Taxable -Justify -Collaboration - Enquiry
of the budget -Tax evasion management expenditures government imposes direct taxes, income -Examine -Team spirit -Debates
-Poor budgeting of the budget -Introduce an Taxation advantages and disadvantages) -Tax 05
- Indirect taxes(Definition, allowance
-Embezzlement efficient tax examples, reasons why Tax evasion
-Indebtedness system government imposes indirect -Tax
taxes, advantages and avoidance
-Fight disadvantages
embezzlement Practical work 21:Illustration of the calculation of Value Added Tax (VAT) in Cameroon
-Theoretical basis: Recall of definition and formula used in calculating VAT 02
-Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Use examples to illustrate how VAT is
calculated in Cameroon.
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
Practical work 22: The structure of taxation
-Theoretical basis: Recall of definitions and formulae of Average Tax Rate (ATR) and Marginal Tax Rate
(MTR) .Define progressive, regressive and proportional tax.
-Practical exercises: From data provided on the different taxation structures, calculate the various tax rates 06
and represent them graphically.
Taxation Contextualisation with life situations: Give examples of the different taxation structures practised in
Cameroon .Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each taxation structure.
97)Economic consequences -Impact of a -Examine
-The positive and negative tax -Define
consequences of taxation -Incidence -Illustrate - Curiosity 02
-The impact and incidence of of a tax - Sense of
-Income a tax Observation -Brainstorming
-Pay taxes
inequality 98)The budget -Budget -Define -Attentiveness - Analysis of
regularly
-deadweight -Definition,types,discretionary -Discretionary -Distinguish -Awareness -Charts Iconographic
Management -Control and automatic fiscal policy -Automatic -Explain - Sense of - documents 04
of the budget investments Efficient public Public The and problems of fiscal policy fiscal policy -Examine carefulness Iconographic and
-Tax evasion management expenditures Finance budget implementation - documents Extracts
-Poor budgeting of the budget -Introduce an 99)Programmed budget -Programme -Define Orderliness - Extracts -Reading and
-Embezzlement efficient tax -Definition, objectives and -Actions --Explain -Respect -Pictures analysis of 01
-Indebtedness characteristics -Activities -Examine -Humility other
system
-Tasks -Tolerance documents
-Fight -Collaboration - Enquiry
100)The Public(or National) -National -Define
embezzlement debt: debt -Identify -Team spirit -Debates
-Definition -Classify
-Components of national debt -Examine
-Reasons why government -Explain 05
borrows
-The burden of national debt
-Public Sector Net Cash
Requirement(PSNCR)
Further studies 6 : Effectiveness of fiscal policy in Cameroon 01
Problems encountered, consequences and solutions
 MODULE 8
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 53
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module presents the principles of international trade and role of international economic institutions and regional groupings.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module enables in the learner to be able to appreciate
Cameroon’s competitiveness and economic relations with the rest of the world.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: This module permits the learner to be able to
participate actively in enhancing the competitiveness of the Cameroon economy.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-International trade:Meaning,types,theories of international trade, international trade restrictions and balance of payments
- International economic Institutions and regional groupings Discussion/Brainstorming 02
- Exchange rate: Meaning and types of exchange rate regimes
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of international economics

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources Duration

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub-topics Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions Concepts
-Encourage 101)Meaning of - International -Define
transformation international trade trade -
of raw -Definition - Bilateral Distinguish Same as Same as Same as
material -Differences between trade -Discuss in other in other in other
before external and internal trade - Multilateral -Examine Lessons Lessons Lessons 03
-Enhancement exportation -The basis of international trade
of the -Consume trade
competiveness home produce -Advantages and
-Low export of Cameroon’s goods disadvantages of
earnings economy -Flight against international trade
Globalisation -Influx of -Promotion of capital flight Practical work 23: Theories of international trade
foreign goods economic -Fight against -Theoretical basis:- Recall the concept of specialization and calculation of domestic opportunity cost
-Capital flight cooperation the ratio, state assumptions;
-Smuggling with other importation of International International -Practical exercises:
-Dumping international contraband Economics trade A- Absolute cost advantages 05
institutions goods. -Use tables to present output of countries before and after specialisation
and regional -Participate in -Derive the law of absolute advantage
groupings international B- Comparative cost advantage
trade fairs -Use tables to present output of countries before ,complete and partial specialisation
-Protect the -Derive the law of comparative advantage.
home Practical work 24:Determining the exchange of goods after specialisation
economy -Theoretical basis: Recall the concept of specialization and calculation of domestic opportunity cost
-Join regional ratio, state assumptions; 04
and -Practical exercises& Contextualisation with life situations: Illustrate the potential gains from trade
international after specialisation using the Production Possibility Curve (PPC) and Trading Possibility curve (TPC)
groupings
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub-topics Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions Concepts
102)International trade -Tariffs -Explain
restrictions: -Quotas -Discuss
-Rationale and forms of -Advalorem tax -Examine -Brainstorming 02
restriction on international -Specific tax - Curiosity - Analysis of
trade -Bargaining - Sense of Iconographic
International -Arguments for and against tariff Observati documents
trade trade restriction -Exchange on -Charts and
-Encourage controls - - Extracts
transformation 103)Terms of trade (TOT) -Terms of trade -Define Attentiveness Iconographic -Reading and
of raw - Definition and formula - Favourable -Illustrate -Awareness documents analysis of
material -Favourable, balanced and terms of trade - -Calculate - Sense of - Extracts other
before unfavourable terms of trade Unfavourable -Distinguishcarefulness -Pictures documents 03
exportation (Definition, conditions and terms of trade -Examine - - Enquiry
- Enhancement -Consume formulae) Orderliness
of the home produce -Causes of changes in -Respect
-Low export competiveness goods terms of trade -Humility
earnings of Cameroon’s -Flight against 104) Structure of the balance -Balance of -
-Influx of economy capital flight International of payments: payments Tolerance
Globalisation foreign goods -Promotion of -Fight against Economics -Definition of Balance of -Visible balance -
-Capital flight economic the payments -Invisible balance -Define Collaboration
-Smuggling cooperation importation of -Different structures and -Current account -Identify -Team
-Dumping with other contraband presentations of BOP balance -Classify spirit 03
international goods. account -Balancing item -Illustrate
institutions -Participate in *Current account, capital - Transactions in -Calculate
and regional international account and official external assets -Interpret
groupings trade fairs financing - Transactions in
-Protect the * Current account, transactions external
home in external assets and liabilities
economy liabilities, net transactions -Trade gap
-Join regional and balancing items -Balance of trade
and
international Balance of Practical work 25: Balance of payments
groupings payments -Theoretical basis:- Recall of definition (balance of trade, current account balance, capital balance,
balancing item) 06
Practical exercises& contextualisation with life situations: Use data to calculate BOP.
105) Balance of payments -Expenditure
deficit: switching
Meaning,causes,effects and -Expenditure -Define
measures to correct BOP reducing -Examine Same as Same as Same as
deficit(First Aid, short term, -J-curve effect – -Explain above above above 05
long term, Expenditure- -Discuss
switching and Expenditure
reducing measures)
-Devaluation and the J-curve
effect(Definition, conditions
and effectiveness)
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
106) Balance of payments
surplus:
Meaning,causes,effects and Expenditure -Define
measures to correct BOP increasing -Examine Same as Same as Same as
Balance of surplus (First Aid, short term, -Explain above above above 03
payments long term, Expenditure- -Discuss
-Encourage switching and Expenditure
transformation increasing measures)
of raw -Revaluation of currency
material (Definition, conditions and
before effectiveness)
exportation Further studies 7 : Improving Cameroon’s Balance of payments position 02
-Consume Problems encountered, consequences and solutions
- Enhancement home produce 107)International economic
-Low export of the goods institutions
earnings competiveness -Flight against - International Monetary Fund -Special
-Influx of of Cameroon’s capital flight (IMF) Drawing -Identify
Globalisation foreign goods economy -Fight against Definition, objectives, Rights(SDRs) -Explain
-Capital flight -Promotion of the International Internationaladvantages and disadvantages -International -Examine
importation of Economics economic -International Bank for liquidity -Discuss
-Smuggling economic
contraband institutions Reconstruction and
-Dumping cooperation goods. Development ( IBRD /World 03
with other -Participate in Bank) -Brainstorming
international international Definition, objectives, affiliates - Curiosity - Analysis of
institutions trade fairs (IDA,IFC), importance and
-Protect the - Sense of Iconographic
and regional limitations
home -World Trade Organisation Observation -Charts documents
groupings
economy (WTO) -Attentiveness - and
-Join regional Definition, objectives, -Awareness Iconographic Extracts
and importance and limitations - Sense of documents -Reading and
international 108)Regional Economic carefulness - Extracts analysis of
groupings groupings: - -Pictures other
-Definition of Free Trade Area, Regional -Define
Orderliness documents
Regional Customs Union, Common groupings -Differentiate
economic Market and Economic Union -Describe -Respect - Enquiry 03
groupings -Examples CEMAC, ECOWAS, -Humility -Debates
European Union, LAFTA, -Tolerance
African Free Trade zone -Collaboration
(Membership, objectives, -Team spirit
characteristics advantages and
disadvantages to member states)
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
109)Foreign Exchange Market -Define
- Definition, types and agents -Distinguish 01
-Encourage -Identify
transformation 110)Foreign Exchange Rates - Fixed
of raw -Definition and types Exchange
material - Curiosity
-Fixed Exchange rate rate
before regime(Definition, illustration, - Floating -Define - Sense of
- Enhancement exportation functioning, advantages and Exchange -Distinguish Observation -Brainstorming
-Low export of the -Consume disadvantages) rate -Describe -Attentiveness -Charts - Analysis of 05
earnings competiveness home produce -Floating Exchange rate - Managed -Examine -Awareness - Iconographic
Globalisation -Influx of of Cameroon’s goods Foreign regime(Definition, illustration, exchange -Illustrate - Sense of Iconographic documents
-Flight against International Exchange functioning, advantages and rate
foreign goods economy carefulness documents and
capital flight Economics rates disadvantages) -Arbitrage
-Capital flight -Promotion of -Fight against Managed exchange rate -Hedging - - Extracts Extracts
-Smuggling economic the regime(Definition,, illustration, -Appreciation Orderliness -Pictures -Reading and
-Dumping cooperation importation of functioning ;advantages and of currency -Respect analysis of
with other contraband disadvantages) -Humility other
international goods. 111) Exchange Rate Exchange -Identify -Tolerance documents
institutions and -Participate in Adjustments Rate Policy -Define -Collaboration - Enquiry
international - Devaluation, Revaluation, -Explain
regional -Team spirit -Debates
trade fairs Appreciation and Depreciation -Examine 03
groupings -Protect the (Definition, aims and
home effectiveness)
economy
-Join regional
and
international
groupings
 MODULE 9
TITLE OF MODULE: UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC AND WELFARE POLICIES
NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL (Teaching/ Learning) PERIODS: 55
PRESENTATION OF THE MODULE: This module presents the economic and social consequences of underdevelopment and unemployment. It also presents the role of
state intervention in the economy.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE AIMS AND GOALS OF THE CURRICULUM: This module develops in the learner the ability to examine the causes
of underdevelopment and unemployment and the measures taken to fight against them.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MODULE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY AND TO THE AREAS-OF-LIVING: This module permits the various actors of the
economy to adopt policies that will enhance economic and social welfare within their communities.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: Evaluation of knowledge and skills acquired in the previous classes
-Economic growth and development:Meaning,distinction between economic growth and development ,factors for growth, characteristics of developing and developed
economies Discussion/Brainstorming 02
- State intervention in the economy: Reasons and forms of state intervention
-Unemployment and inflation:Meaning,types, causes and remedies of unemployment and inflation
-Introduction: Meaning and scope of economic growth and development and managing the economy

Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources

(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category Examples of Topic Sub-topics Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations of Actions Actions Concepts Techniques
112)Economic growth: -Actual growth -Define
Economic -Definition, Measurement using -Potential growth -Distinguish Same as Same as Same as
growth PPC,GDP and GNP, -Economic -Illustrate in other in other in other 04
Determinants, obstacles, cost growth -Calculate Lessons Lessons Lessons
and benefits -Production -Explain
-low Economic possibility curve -Examine
growth and Further studies 8: Simple Growth models;The harrod Domar Model ,Rostow’s model etc 01
development 113)Economic development - Economic -Define - Curiosity -Charts -
-High rate of -Meaning, measures (Human development -Examine - Sense of - Brainstorming
unemployment development index(component, -Explain Observation Iconograph- Analysis of
- Brain drain advantages and limitation and -Describe
-Attentiveness ic Iconographic
-Fall in - Promote Economic other measures of development) 05
agricultural Economic growth and -Constraints on growth and -Awareness documents documents
Social and output Improvement growth and Development development. - Sense of - Extracts and
economic -Weak in social Development -Measures to promote economic carefulness - Extracts
welfare industrial sector and -Fight against Economic development - Orderliness Pictures -Reading and
- Over economic unemployment development 114)Industrialisation, Industrialisation -Respect analysis of
exploitation of welfare - Develop deindustrialisation and - -Humility other
the environment Agriculture and reindustrialisation Deindustrialisat -Define
-Conflict of industrialization -Tolerance documents
-Industrialisation (definition, ion -Explain
resources factors influencing - -Discuss -Collaboration - Enquiry 04
-Conflict of industrialisation, advantages Reindustrialisat -Team spirit -Debates
policies and disadvantages) ion
-Deindustrialisation (definition,
causes and effects).
-Reindustrialisation (definition,
and causes).
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
Family of Examples of Category Examples of Topic Sub-topics Lessons Notions/ (Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Situations situations of Actions Actions Concepts Techniques
Economic Economic Further studies 9: Economic development strategies of Newly industrialised countries(NICs) 03
growth and development Define and classify the Newly industrialised countries. Strategies of rapid industrialisalistion
Development Further studies 10: Promoting second generation agriculture and agribusiness in Cameroon 02
Measures and problems encountered
115)The trade or business cycle Trade cycle -Define
- Definition and different phases -Boom -Illustrate Same as Same as Same as
-Causes of trade cycle -Recession -Describe in other in other in other 02
-Slump -Explain Lessons Lessons Lessons
-Recovery -Examine
-low Economic 116) Government economic -
growth and objectives: Governme - Curiosity -
development -Meaning of economic objectives nt policy -Define -Charts Brainstorming
- Sense of
-High rate of -Objectives (Price stability, -Explain -
Observation - Analysis of
unemployment - Promote Balance of payments equilibrium, -Discuss
- Brain drain Economic Sustainable growth, Equitable -Examine -Attentiveness IconographIconographic
Social and -Fall in growth and distribution of income, Low -Awareness ic documents 05
economic agricultural Improvem Development unemployment; Environmental - Sense of documents and
welfare output ent in -Fight against protection and Balanced regional carefulness - Extracts Extracts
-Weak social and unemployment development.) - Orderliness - -Reading and
industrial sector economic - Develop -Policies used for the attainment Pictures analysis of
-Respect
- Over welfare Agriculture and of economic objectives (monetary
-Humility other
exploitation of industrialization Managing State policy, fiscal policy, prices and
the environment -Tolerance documents
the Economy intervention income policies, regional policy
-Conflict of in the and exchange rate policy) -Collaboration - Enquiry
resources economy -Limitation of government -Team spirit -Debates
-Conflict of policy(conflicts)
policies 117)Unemployment: -Full -Define
-Meaning and measurement of employment -Calculate
unemployment -Differentiate 04
-Types, causes and remedies of -Examine
unemployment -Discuss
Directed ( Guided ) Work 7:Problems of unemployment in Cameroon
NB: Enquiry on the problems of unemployment in Cameroon(identify causes, solutions and measures ) 02
118)Inflation: - Hyper
-Meaning ,types(hyper, creeping, inflation -Define
suppressed, stagflation ),causes of -Creeping -Distinguish
inflation(Demand pull and cost inflation -Examine
push) - -Illustrate
-The relationship between Suppressed -Discuss
inflation and unemployment(The inflation -Explain Same as Same as Same as 05
Philips curve and its breakdown) -Stagflation above above above
-The monetary theory of inflation
and unemployment
(Expectations-Augmented Philips
curve)
-Effects and control of inflation
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts
119)Deflation: Deflation -Define
-Meaning,causes,effects and -Examine Same as Same as Same as 01
control -Discuss in other in other in other
-Standard and cost of living -Explain Lessons Lessons Lessons
120)Privatisation Privatisation -Define
Definition,objectives,forms, -Explain 02
advantages and disadvantages -Identify
Economic -Examine
-low Economic objectives Directed ( Guided ) Work 8 :Privatisation in Cameroon
growth and and NB: Enquiry on the privatisation process in Cameroon (, Identification of structures privatised, Reasons for 02
development policies Privatisation, impacts –positive and negative, problems faced and way forward.)
-High rate of 121)Nationalisation Nationalisation -Define
unemployment Definition,objectives,forms, -Explain 02
- Brain drain - Promote advantages and disadvantages -Identify Same as Same as Same as
-Fall in Improveme Economic -Examine in other in other in other
Social and agricultural output nt in social growth and Lessons Lessons Lessons
economic -Weak industrial and Development 122)Regional policy Regional -Define
welfare sector economic -Fight against Managing -Meaning,instruments,case for policy -Identify 01
- Over exploitation welfare unemployment the and against regional policy -Examine
of the environment - Develop Economy
-Conflict of Agriculture and Directed ( Guided ) Work 9: Government policy objectives
resources industrialization Examine the stakes and challenges in achieving the Government of Cameroon’s economic policies. 02
-Conflict of policies 123)Growing and aging -Growing - Curiosity
population population -Define - Sense of Brainstorming
-Growing population -Aging -Explain Observation -Charts - Analysis of
(Meaning, characteristics, and population -Examine 02
-Attentiveness - Iconographic
economic effects).
-Awareness Iconographic documents
- Aging population( Meaning,
characteristics, economic - Sense of documents and
Population effects) carefulness - Extracts Extracts
changes 124)Optimum population -Under - Orderliness -Pictures -Reading and
and -Meaning, illustration(graph population -Define -Respect analysis of
resources and tables) -Over -Relate -Humility other
-Economic consequences of population -Illustrate documents 02
-Tolerance
under population, over -Optimum -Examine - Enquiry
population and optimum population -Collaboration
population -Team spirit -Debates
Further studies 11: Population policy
-Meaning and types. 02
-The Cameroon government population policy
 Contextual Framework Competent Acting Resources
(Functioning) Essential Knowledge Skills Values & Other Methods Duration
(Aptitudes) Attitudes Resources & (Periods)
Family of Examples of Category of Examples of Topic Sub- Lessons Notions/ Techniques
Situations situations Actions Actions topics Concepts

-low Economic
GUIDED WORK
growth and PROJECT BASED LEARNING: OBSERVING THE EFECTS OF THE
development CHANGE IN PRICE OF A MAJOR COMMODITY IN YOUR LOCALITY
-High rate of Observe your locality and carry out the following
unemployment
- Brain drain  Choose one major commodity in your locality and observe the changes in
-Fall in price over a period of one year;
agricultural Improvement - Promote  Indicate the direction of the change;
Social and output in social and Economic
economic -Weak economic growth and
 Account for the change;
ONE
welfare industrial sector welfare Development  Interview the households(buyers) to find out the effect of the price change on
YEAR
- Over -Fight against the following:
exploitation of unemployment  Quantity;
the environment - Develop
-Conflict of Agriculture and
 Quality;
resources industrialization  Frequency of consumption.
-Conflict of  Draw a conclusion on the effects of the change on the welfare of the
policies households;
 Interview suppliers(sellers) in order to find out the following:
 Quantity supplied before and after the price change;
 Their income before and after the price change;
 Number of workers employed before and after the price change.
 Draw a conclusion on the effects of the change on the welfare of the
suppliers;
Suggest how the government can use its economic policy to help households
(consumers) and suppliers (producers) to manage the effects of a price change
on this commodity.